水华生消过程对巢湖沉积物微生物群落结构的影响
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摘要
水华对湖泊水体和沉积物理化和生物学性质的影响已进行了较多研究,但鲜见水华生消过程对湖泊沉积物微生物群落结构的影响.本研究以巢湖为对象,通过PCR-DGGE方法分析了水华形成、持续和消亡阶段对沉积物微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,巢湖水华形成期为5月15日~6月20日,持续期为6月20日~9月5日,之后进入水华消亡期.PCR-DGGE分析表明,非水华区沉积物微生物的种类、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数随时间变化较小,微生物相似度较高,温度可能是影响非水华区微生物群落结构波动的主要因子;在水华区,沉积物微生物的种类、Shannon-Wiener指数在水华形成期和消亡期较低,在水华持续期较高,而Simpson指数则呈相反趋势,微生物相似度相对较低,表明水华形成、持续和消亡过程对微生物群落结构、优势种有不同影响,温度和水华导致的水体性质变化可能是沉积物微生物变化的主要因子.本研究表明,水华生消过程对湖泊沉积物微生物有不同的影响,这对深入评价水华对湖泊水生生态系统的影响和利用微生物防治湖泊水华有重要意义.
Although impacts of algal bloom on the physicochemical and biological properties of water and sediment in many lakes have been largely studied,less attention is paid to the impact of outbreak and extinction of algal blooms on the microbial community structure in sediment. In this study,outbreak and extinction of algal blooms and their effects on the microbial community structure in sediment of Chaohu Lake were studied by PCR-DGGE method. The results showed that algal blooms formed between May 15 and June 20,sustained from June 20 to September 5,and then went into extinction. In the region without algal blooms,PCR-DGGE analysis showed that microbial species,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index changed slightly over time; moreover,the microbial community structure had high similarity during the whole study. Temperature may be the main factor affecting the fluctuation of the microbial community structure in this region. In the region with algal blooms,however,microbial species and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were higher during the formation and extinction of algal blooms and lower in the sustaining blooms stage than those in the region without algal blooms. But the Simpson dominance index showed the opposite trend over time. In addition,the microbial community structure had low similarity during the whole study. The results suggested that outbreak and extinction of algal blooms produced different effects on the microbial community structure and the dominant microbial species,which may be related to the variation of water properties caused by temperature and algal blooms. This study showed that outbreak and extinction of algal blooms caused different effects on microbes in lake sediment,and this is significantly important to deeply evaluate the effects of algal bloom on the aquatic ecosystem of the lake and effectively control algal blooms using sediment microbes.
Although impacts of algal bloom on the physicochemical and biological properties of water and sediment in many lakes have been largely studied,less attention is paid to the impact of outbreak and extinction of algal blooms on the microbial community structure in sediment. In this study,outbreak and extinction of algal blooms and their effects on the microbial community structure in sediment of Chaohu Lake were studied by PCR-DGGE method. The results showed that algal blooms formed between May 15 and June 20,sustained from June 20 to September 5,and then went into extinction. In the region without algal blooms,PCR-DGGE analysis showed that microbial species,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index changed slightly over time; moreover,the microbial community structure had high similarity during the whole study. Temperature may be the main factor affecting the fluctuation of the microbial community structure in this region. In the region with algal blooms,however,microbial species and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were higher during the formation and extinction of algal blooms and lower in the sustaining blooms stage than those in the region without algal blooms. But the Simpson dominance index showed the opposite trend over time. In addition,the microbial community structure had low similarity during the whole study. The results suggested that outbreak and extinction of algal blooms produced different effects on the microbial community structure and the dominant microbial species,which may be related to the variation of water properties caused by temperature and algal blooms. This study showed that outbreak and extinction of algal blooms caused different effects on microbes in lake sediment,and this is significantly important to deeply evaluate the effects of algal bloom on the aquatic ecosystem of the lake and effectively control algal blooms using sediment microbes.
引文
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[11]刘国锋,钟继承,何俊,等.太湖竺山湾藻华黑水团区沉积物中Fe、S、P的含量及其形态变化[J].环境科学,2009,30(9):2520-2526.
[12]Oliver R L,Ganf G G.Freshwater blooms[A].In:Whitton B A,Potts M(Eds.).The Ecology of cyanobacteria[M].Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2000.149-194.
[13]王钦,丁明玉,张志洁,等.太湖不同湖区沉积物重金属含量季节变化及其影响因素[J].生态环境,2008,17(4):1362-1368.
[14]Tong Y,Lin G F,Ke X,et al.Comparison of microbial community between two shallow freshwater lakes in middle Yangtze basin,East China[J].Chemosphere,2005,60(1):85-92.
[15]翁笑艳,林美爱,严颖.地表水浮游植物叶绿素a测定方法比较研究[J].中国环境监测,2009,25(3):36-40.
[16]Muyzer G,de Waal E C,Uitterlinden A G.Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for16S rRNA[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1993,59(3):695-700.
[17]Nürnberg G K.Trophic state of clear and colored,soft-and hardwater lakes with special consideration of nutrients,anoxia,phytoplankton and fish[J].Lakes and Reservoir Management,1996,12(4):432-447.
[18]郑建军,钟成华,邓春光.试论水华的定义[J].水资源保护,2006,22(5):45-47,80.
[19]高慧琴,刘凌,方泽建.夏季湖泊表层沉积物的理化性质与微生物多样性[J].河海大学学报,2011,39(4):361-366.
[20]冯胜,李定龙,秦伯强.太湖水华过程中微生物群落的动态变化[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2010,23(1):7-12.
[2]Sun X X,Han K N,Choi J K,et al.Screening of surfactants for harmful algal blooms mitigation[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2004,48(9-10):937-945.
[3]孔繁翔,马荣华,高俊峰,等.太湖蓝藻水华的预防、预测和预警的理论与实践[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(3):314-328.
[4]Liu G F,Fan C X,Zhong J C,et al.Using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB)modified clays to clean the Microcystis aeruginosa blooms in Lake Taihu,China[J].Harmful Algae,2010,9(4):413-418.
[5]Torsvik V,vres L,Thingstad T F.Prokaryotic diversitymagnitude,dynamics,and controlling factors[J].Science,2002,296(5570):1064-1066.
[6]Eiler A,Bertilsson S.Composition of freshwater bacterial communities associated with cyanobacterial blooms in four Swedish lakes[J].Environmental Microbiology,2004,6(12):1228-1243.
[7]汪福顺,刘丛强,梁小兵,等.湖泊沉积物中微量金属二次迁移过程中微生物作用的实验研究[J].湖泊科学,2006,18(1):49-56.
[8]赵兴青,杨柳燕,陈灿,等.PCR-DGGE技术用于湖泊沉积物中微生物群落结构多样性研究[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3610-3617.
[9]赵兴青,杨柳燕,尹大强,等.不同空间位点沉积物理化性质与微生物多样性垂向分布规律[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3537-3545.
[10]Davis T W,Berry D L,Boyer G L,et al.The effects of temperature and nutrients on the growth and dynamics of toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis during cyanobacteria blooms[J].Harmful Algae,2009,8(5):715-725.
[11]刘国锋,钟继承,何俊,等.太湖竺山湾藻华黑水团区沉积物中Fe、S、P的含量及其形态变化[J].环境科学,2009,30(9):2520-2526.
[12]Oliver R L,Ganf G G.Freshwater blooms[A].In:Whitton B A,Potts M(Eds.).The Ecology of cyanobacteria[M].Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2000.149-194.
[13]王钦,丁明玉,张志洁,等.太湖不同湖区沉积物重金属含量季节变化及其影响因素[J].生态环境,2008,17(4):1362-1368.
[14]Tong Y,Lin G F,Ke X,et al.Comparison of microbial community between two shallow freshwater lakes in middle Yangtze basin,East China[J].Chemosphere,2005,60(1):85-92.
[15]翁笑艳,林美爱,严颖.地表水浮游植物叶绿素a测定方法比较研究[J].中国环境监测,2009,25(3):36-40.
[16]Muyzer G,de Waal E C,Uitterlinden A G.Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for16S rRNA[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1993,59(3):695-700.
[17]Nürnberg G K.Trophic state of clear and colored,soft-and hardwater lakes with special consideration of nutrients,anoxia,phytoplankton and fish[J].Lakes and Reservoir Management,1996,12(4):432-447.
[18]郑建军,钟成华,邓春光.试论水华的定义[J].水资源保护,2006,22(5):45-47,80.
[19]高慧琴,刘凌,方泽建.夏季湖泊表层沉积物的理化性质与微生物多样性[J].河海大学学报,2011,39(4):361-366.
[20]冯胜,李定龙,秦伯强.太湖水华过程中微生物群落的动态变化[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2010,23(1):7-12.
目录
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