安徽省岳西县土壤侵蚀时空演变特征及趋势预测
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摘要
利用ArcView 3.3软件,对岳西县1958年、1983年、1992年的土壤侵蚀动态监测图进行屏幕数字化,得到三期土壤侵蚀强度矢量图;利用2004年TM影像,通过目视解译的方法,得到2004年土壤侵蚀强度矢量图。利用Arc-GIS软件,对不同时段土壤侵蚀图进行叠加分析,研究了不同时段不同土壤侵蚀强度面积数量的相互转化及土壤侵蚀程度的变化;运用马尔柯夫模型,预测岳西县土壤侵蚀动态演变趋势。主要结论如下:(1)岳西县土壤侵蚀状况1958-2004年经历了急剧恶化到逐渐恢复的过程。1958-1983年土壤侵蚀不断加剧;1983-1992年土壤侵蚀逐渐恢复;1992-2004年土壤侵蚀进入全面恢复期。(2)相邻时段的土壤侵蚀图叠加结果分析表明,不同时期土壤侵蚀各等级是相互转化的。(3)1958-2004年岳西县土壤侵蚀程度无变化的面积经历了先下降后上升的过程,土壤侵蚀程度等级增加的面积先显著扩大再逐步下降,而土壤侵蚀程度等级下降的面积先减少后增加。(4)马尔柯夫模型预测结果表明,到2016年微度侵蚀土壤面积增加到64 221hm2,中度侵蚀类型面积明显下降;强烈侵蚀与极强烈侵蚀土壤在局部地区有所增加,但这种变化不明显。堆积类型面积呈显著下降趋势,水域面积有所减少。从总体趋势看土壤侵蚀状况向良性循环方向发展。
Soil erosion data at four selected temporal periods,i.e,soil erosion intensity maps of 1958,1983,1992 and Landsat TM of 2004.Soil erosion intensity maps of 2004 is interpreted from TM imagery.Making use of the ArcGIS software,soil erosion intensity maps at different periods are served as overlay analysis.In order to analyze area conversion of soil erosion intensity at different periods and changes of soil erosion degree.Based on Markov model,dynamic evolution of soil erosion is forecasted in Yuexi county.Main conclusions are as follows:(1)Soil erosion status in Yuexi county had experienced stages of rapid deterionration to gradual recovery from 1958 to 2004.Soil erosion had aggravated continually from 1958 to 1983.Intense soil erosion had taken place and water area had decreased.Soil erosion status was restoring gradually from 1983 to 1992.Intense soil erosion disappeared.Soil erosion was to be in the recovery stage from 1992 to 2004.Ecological environment was clearly better.(2)Different types of soil erosion were mutually transformational at different times.(3)Unchanged area of soil erosion degree had experienced descending to ascenting in Yuexi county from 1958 to 2004.Increasing area of level of soil erosion degree enlarged observably after that it descended gradually,and yet descending area of level of soil erosion degree declined and then climbed up.(4)Predicting results basing on Markov model shows that soil area of slightly erosion shall be increasing to 64 221 hm2 if current soil erosion status goes on maintaining at the end of 2016,and that soil area of midderate erosion will be descending,soil area of serious erosion will be increasing in local area but its changes are unconspicuous.Soil area of deposition type shall be descending eminently and waters area shall be diminishing.Soil erosion status will be tending toward better on the whole.
Soil erosion data at four selected temporal periods,i.e,soil erosion intensity maps of 1958,1983,1992 and Landsat TM of 2004.Soil erosion intensity maps of 2004 is interpreted from TM imagery.Making use of the ArcGIS software,soil erosion intensity maps at different periods are served as overlay analysis.In order to analyze area conversion of soil erosion intensity at different periods and changes of soil erosion degree.Based on Markov model,dynamic evolution of soil erosion is forecasted in Yuexi county.Main conclusions are as follows:(1)Soil erosion status in Yuexi county had experienced stages of rapid deterionration to gradual recovery from 1958 to 2004.Soil erosion had aggravated continually from 1958 to 1983.Intense soil erosion had taken place and water area had decreased.Soil erosion status was restoring gradually from 1983 to 1992.Intense soil erosion disappeared.Soil erosion was to be in the recovery stage from 1992 to 2004.Ecological environment was clearly better.(2)Different types of soil erosion were mutually transformational at different times.(3)Unchanged area of soil erosion degree had experienced descending to ascenting in Yuexi county from 1958 to 2004.Increasing area of level of soil erosion degree enlarged observably after that it descended gradually,and yet descending area of level of soil erosion degree declined and then climbed up.(4)Predicting results basing on Markov model shows that soil area of slightly erosion shall be increasing to 64 221 hm2 if current soil erosion status goes on maintaining at the end of 2016,and that soil area of midderate erosion will be descending,soil area of serious erosion will be increasing in local area but its changes are unconspicuous.Soil area of deposition type shall be descending eminently and waters area shall be diminishing.Soil erosion status will be tending toward better on the whole.
引文
[1]谢永生.长江中游洞庭湖、鄱阳湖流域水土流失与防治对策[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1999,5(1):8-12.
[2]南秋菊,华珞.国内外土壤侵蚀研究进展[J].首都师范大学学报:自然科学版,2003,24(2):86-95.
[3]彭珂珊.中国土壤侵蚀影响因素及其危害分析[J].水利水电科技进展,2000,20(4):15-18.
[4]赵晓丽,张增祥,周全斌,等.中国土壤侵蚀与其地理环境背景的空间关系[J].山地学报,2002,20(3):277-283.
[5]姚华荣,杨志峰,崔保山.GIS支持下的澜沧江流域云南段土壤侵蚀空间分析[J].地理研究,2006,25(3):421-429.
[6]潘剑君,张桃林,赵其国.应用遥感技术研究余江县土壤侵蚀时空演变[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1999,5(4):81-84.
[7]高彦华,汪宏清,周旭.兴国县土壤侵蚀变化的遥感监测与分析[J].地球信息科学,2005,7(3):21-24.
[8]李德成,徐彬彬,石晓曰.利用马氏过程模拟和预测土壤侵蚀的动态演变:以安徽省岳西县为例[J].环境遥感,1995,10(2):89-96.
[9]杨子生,刘彦随,Liang Luohui,等.金沙江下游近40年来土壤侵蚀变化:以云南彝良为例[J].山地学报,2005,23(2):144-152.
[10]王库,史学正,于东升,等.江西省兴国县土壤侵蚀动态演变趋势分析[J].土壤通报,2005,63(1):113-117.
[11]史德明,石晓日,李德成,等.应用遥感技术监测土壤侵蚀动态的研究[J].土壤学报,1996,33(1):48-58.
[12]潘剑君,赵其国,张桃林.江西省兴国县、余江县土壤侵蚀时空变化研究[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1):58-64.
[13]周为峰,吴炳方,李强子.官厅水库上游近20年土壤侵蚀强度时空变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(6):183-186,267.
[14]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[2]南秋菊,华珞.国内外土壤侵蚀研究进展[J].首都师范大学学报:自然科学版,2003,24(2):86-95.
[3]彭珂珊.中国土壤侵蚀影响因素及其危害分析[J].水利水电科技进展,2000,20(4):15-18.
[4]赵晓丽,张增祥,周全斌,等.中国土壤侵蚀与其地理环境背景的空间关系[J].山地学报,2002,20(3):277-283.
[5]姚华荣,杨志峰,崔保山.GIS支持下的澜沧江流域云南段土壤侵蚀空间分析[J].地理研究,2006,25(3):421-429.
[6]潘剑君,张桃林,赵其国.应用遥感技术研究余江县土壤侵蚀时空演变[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1999,5(4):81-84.
[7]高彦华,汪宏清,周旭.兴国县土壤侵蚀变化的遥感监测与分析[J].地球信息科学,2005,7(3):21-24.
[8]李德成,徐彬彬,石晓曰.利用马氏过程模拟和预测土壤侵蚀的动态演变:以安徽省岳西县为例[J].环境遥感,1995,10(2):89-96.
[9]杨子生,刘彦随,Liang Luohui,等.金沙江下游近40年来土壤侵蚀变化:以云南彝良为例[J].山地学报,2005,23(2):144-152.
[10]王库,史学正,于东升,等.江西省兴国县土壤侵蚀动态演变趋势分析[J].土壤通报,2005,63(1):113-117.
[11]史德明,石晓日,李德成,等.应用遥感技术监测土壤侵蚀动态的研究[J].土壤学报,1996,33(1):48-58.
[12]潘剑君,赵其国,张桃林.江西省兴国县、余江县土壤侵蚀时空变化研究[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1):58-64.
[13]周为峰,吴炳方,李强子.官厅水库上游近20年土壤侵蚀强度时空变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(6):183-186,267.
[14]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
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