巢湖湿地生态系统能值分析
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摘要
基于生态系统能值理论与方法,分析巢湖湿地生态系统能值投入和产出构成特征,并对巢湖湿地生态系统可持续发展水平进行了评价。研究表明:巢湖湿地生态系统每年投入的总能值为3590.12×1018sej,自然资源、周围营养物和社会经济投入分别占39.3%、53.7%和7.0%,可更新资源和不可更新资源投入分别占25.6%和74.4%。巢湖湿地生态系统每年产出的总能值为3469.66×1018sej,其中鱼类产出比重最大,其次为水禽和底栖动物。巢湖湿地生物多样性保护的能量-货币价值是巢湖湿地生态系统年产出的1.76倍,在生物多样性保护方面有着巨大的作用。巢湖湿地生态系统的能值产出率、环境负载率、能值可持续指标(ESI)和可持续发展能值指标(EISD)分别为13.75、2.90、4.74和7.01,去除污染项重新计算,分别为13.75、0.81、17.07和25.27,这些指标表明巢湖湿地生态系统的产业较为单一,能值产出率、可持续性和未来竞争力较高,但不可更新的污染物投入过大,造成巢湖湿地生态系统的环境负载率升高,可持续性发展水平下降,严重制约巢湖湿地生态系统的可持续发展水平。
Based on the theory and method of energy analysis, characteristics of energy input and output in Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem were analyzed in order to know the sustainable development level of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem. Result showed that: the gross energy input of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem was 3590.12×1018 sej per year. Inputs of natural resources, nutrients in surrounding areas and social economy accounted for 39.3%, 53.7% and 7.0% of the gross energy input respectively, renewable resources and non-renewable resources accounted for 25.6% and 74.4% of the gross energy input respectively. The annual gross energy output of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem was 3469.66×1018sej, and the output of fish was the largest, followed by waterfowl and benthonic animals. The monetary value of biodiversity conservation was about 1.76 times of the annual output of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem. The wetland ecosystem is playing a giant role in biodiversity conservation. The energy output rate, environment loading rate, energy sustainable indicators(ESI) and energy indicators of sustainable development(EISD) of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem were 13.75, 2.90, 4.74 and 7.01 respectively, and 13.75, 0.81, 17.07 and 25.27 respectively if removing pollution items(untreated industrial and human wastewater, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer). These values showed that the energy output of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem from the non-renewable pollution was so large that environment loading rate increased and sustainable development level declined, severely restricting sustainable development level of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem.
Based on the theory and method of energy analysis, characteristics of energy input and output in Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem were analyzed in order to know the sustainable development level of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem. Result showed that: the gross energy input of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem was 3590.12×1018 sej per year. Inputs of natural resources, nutrients in surrounding areas and social economy accounted for 39.3%, 53.7% and 7.0% of the gross energy input respectively, renewable resources and non-renewable resources accounted for 25.6% and 74.4% of the gross energy input respectively. The annual gross energy output of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem was 3469.66×1018sej, and the output of fish was the largest, followed by waterfowl and benthonic animals. The monetary value of biodiversity conservation was about 1.76 times of the annual output of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem. The wetland ecosystem is playing a giant role in biodiversity conservation. The energy output rate, environment loading rate, energy sustainable indicators(ESI) and energy indicators of sustainable development(EISD) of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem were 13.75, 2.90, 4.74 and 7.01 respectively, and 13.75, 0.81, 17.07 and 25.27 respectively if removing pollution items(untreated industrial and human wastewater, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer). These values showed that the energy output of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem from the non-renewable pollution was so large that environment loading rate increased and sustainable development level declined, severely restricting sustainable development level of Chaohu lake wetland ecosystem.
引文
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张觉民,何志辉.1991.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:农业出版社:56-59
张妍,杨志峰.2007.北京城市物质代谢的能值分析与生态效率评估[J].环境科学学报,27(11):1892-1899
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Lu Hongfang,Yuan Yaguang,Campbell D E,et al.2014.Integrated water quality,emergy and economic evaluation of three bioremediation treatment systems for eutrophic water[J].Ecological Engineering,69:244-254
Li Linjun,Lu Hongfang,Ren Hai,et al.2011.Emergy evaluations of three aquaculture systems on wetlands surrounding the Pearl river estuary,China[J].Ecological Indicators,11:526-534
Odum H T.1996.Environmental accounting:emergy and environmental decision marking[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons
Qin Pei,Wong Y S,Tam N F Y.2000,Emergy evaluation of Mai Po mangrove marshes[J].Ecological Engineering,16(2):271-280
Ricardo EVA,Mathias G,Robert H,et al.2013.An emergy analysis for urban environmental sustainability assessment,the island of Montreal,Canada[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,118:18-28
Thibodeau F R,Ostro B D.1981.Economic value of the Charles river basin wetlands[J].Journal of Environmental Management,12:19-30
崔丽娟,赵欣胜.2004.鄱阳湖湿地生态能值分析研究[J].生态学报,24(7):1480-1485
崔奕波.1990.从灰分及氮含量计算鱼体能量含量的一个简易方法[J].水生生物学报,14(4):376-378
高峰,尹洪斌,胡维平,等.2010.巢湖流域春季大型底栖动物群落生态特征及与环境因子关系[J].应用生态学报,21(8):2132-2139
何晓,包维楷,辜彬,等.2007.中国高等植物干质量热值特点[J].生态环境,16(3):973-981
陆军,刘伟江,孙宏亮.2012.巢湖流域“十二五”水污染防治战略与政策[J].环境保护,(23):51-53
陆健健,何文珊,童春富,等.2006.湿地生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.216-220
刘继展,李萍萍.2005.江苏农业生态系统能值分析[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,21(1):29-32,36
廖顺宝,刘凯,李泽辉.2008.中国风能资源空间分布的估算[J].地球信息科学,10(5):551-556
蓝盛芳,钦佩.2001.生态系统的能值分析[J].应用生态学报,12(1):129-131
蓝盛芳,钦佩,陆宏芳.2002.生态经济系统能值分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社
刘贞秋,蒙仁宪.1988.巢湖浮游藻类的初步研究[J].安徽大学学报:自然科学版,12(4):63-70
任丽燕,吴次芳,岳文泽.2009.西溪国家湿地公园生态经济效益能值分析[J].生态学报,29(3):1285-1291
施葵初.2003.安徽湿地[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社:73-75
孙小静,朱广伟,罗潋葱,等.2005.浅水湖泊沉积物磷释放的波浪水槽试验研究[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),35(Z2):81-89
王凤娟.2007.巢湖东半湖浮游生物与水质状况及营养类型评价[D].合肥:安徽农业大学
万树文,钦佩,朱洪光,等.2000.盐城自然保护区两种人工湿地模式评价[J].生态学报,20(5):759-765
王永龙.2013.巢湖渔业资源的SWOT分析与对策建议[J].巢湖学院学报,15(4):32-37
余涛.2010.巢湖浮游植物群落结构研究[D].合肥:安徽大学
张觉民,何志辉.1991.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:农业出版社:56-59
张妍,杨志峰.2007.北京城市物质代谢的能值分析与生态效率评估[J].环境科学学报,27(11):1892-1899
Lu Hongfang,Campbel D,Chen Jie,et al.2007.,Conservation and economic viability of nature reserves:An emergy evaluation of the Yancheng biosphere reserve[J].Biological Conservation,139:415-438
Lu Hongfang,Campbell D E.2009.Ecological and economic dynamics of the Shunde agricultural systems under China's small city development strategy[J].Journal of Environmental Management,90:2589-2600
Lu Hongfang,Kang Wenling,Campbell D E,et al.2009.Emergy and economic evaluations of four fruit production systems on reclaimed wetlands surrounding the Pearl river estuary,China[J].Ecological Engineering,35:1743-1757
Lu Hongfang,Yuan Yaguang,Campbell D E,et al.2014.Integrated water quality,emergy and economic evaluation of three bioremediation treatment systems for eutrophic water[J].Ecological Engineering,69:244-254
Li Linjun,Lu Hongfang,Ren Hai,et al.2011.Emergy evaluations of three aquaculture systems on wetlands surrounding the Pearl river estuary,China[J].Ecological Indicators,11:526-534
Odum H T.1996.Environmental accounting:emergy and environmental decision marking[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons
Qin Pei,Wong Y S,Tam N F Y.2000,Emergy evaluation of Mai Po mangrove marshes[J].Ecological Engineering,16(2):271-280
Ricardo EVA,Mathias G,Robert H,et al.2013.An emergy analysis for urban environmental sustainability assessment,the island of Montreal,Canada[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,118:18-28
Thibodeau F R,Ostro B D.1981.Economic value of the Charles river basin wetlands[J].Journal of Environmental Management,12:19-30
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