合肥市土地利用变化及其对景观生态格局的影响
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摘要
文章利用遥感、GIS的空间分析技术和景观格局分析软件等,对比分析了合肥市1990年和2006年土地利用以及景观格局变化过程和特征。结果表明:16 a来合肥市建设用地增加了29 220.03 hm2;耕地减少了35 240.49 hm2,减少的主要流向是转化为城镇和农村居民点用地以及水域等;水域和林草果业用地有所加大;未利用地减少。同时,景观破碎化程度加剧,景观稳定性和生境质量有所下降。因此必须采取更加有效地措施防止人类活动和土地无序利用的生态负效应,促进社会经济和生态环境的良性发展。
The general characteristics,the process of the spatial changes and the dynamic change of landscape patterns in Hefei City from 1990 to 2006 are analyzed and compared in this paper based on the application of GIS and FRAGSTATS3.3.It is found that the structure of the land-use has been greatly changed for 16 years.The area of the buildings increased by 29 220.03 hm2,however,the area of farmland decreased by 35 240.49 hm2,which were all turned into areas of new towns,residence land,reservoirs and ponds.The areas of the water and forest land increased slowly;and the area of weeds and bare land decreased.The increasing of patch count,complex of the border and landscape fragmentation process,the landscape diversity,the spatial connectedness of patches and the decline of landscape stability all had weakened the ability of anti-interference and resistence of the natural calamity,and the environmental quality deteriorated due to the change of landscape patterns.The effective measures,which can prevent the ecological negative effects of human activity and land use,should be taken to promote the local economy and protect the environment of ecosystem in a better way.
The general characteristics,the process of the spatial changes and the dynamic change of landscape patterns in Hefei City from 1990 to 2006 are analyzed and compared in this paper based on the application of GIS and FRAGSTATS3.3.It is found that the structure of the land-use has been greatly changed for 16 years.The area of the buildings increased by 29 220.03 hm2,however,the area of farmland decreased by 35 240.49 hm2,which were all turned into areas of new towns,residence land,reservoirs and ponds.The areas of the water and forest land increased slowly;and the area of weeds and bare land decreased.The increasing of patch count,complex of the border and landscape fragmentation process,the landscape diversity,the spatial connectedness of patches and the decline of landscape stability all had weakened the ability of anti-interference and resistence of the natural calamity,and the environmental quality deteriorated due to the change of landscape patterns.The effective measures,which can prevent the ecological negative effects of human activity and land use,should be taken to promote the local economy and protect the environment of ecosystem in a better way.
引文
[1]史培军,江源,王静爱,等.土地利用/覆盖变化与生态安全响应机制[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:1-10.
[2]李秀斌.全球环境变化的核心领域——土地利用/土地覆被变化的国际研究动向[J].地理学报,1996,51(6):553-557.
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[5]Goldewijk K K.Estimating global land use change over thepast 300 years:the HYDE Database[J].Global Biogeo-chemical Cycles,2001,15(2):417-434.
[6]Chang Chun-pin.Study on the influence for watershedlandscape ecology by earthquakes and typhoons[J].资源科学,2006,28(4):19-24.
[7]于兴修,杨桂山,李恒鹏.典型流域土地利用/覆被变化及其景观生态效应[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(1):13-19.
[8]张俊,周成虎,李建新.新疆焉耆盆地绿洲景观的空间格局及其变化[J].地理研究,2006,25(2):350-357.
[9]杨国靖,肖笃宁.森林景观格局分析及破碎化评价[J].生态学杂志,2003,22(5):56-61.
[10]黄方,刘湘南,王平.嫩江中下游沼泽湿地景观空间格局变化[J].资源科学,2005,27(4):140-145.
[11]郭丽英,刘彦随,任志远.生态脆弱区土地利用格局变化及其驱动机制分析——以陕西榆林市为例[J].资源科学,2005,27(2):128-133.
[12]高峻,宋永昌.基于遥感和GIS的城乡交错带景观演变研究[J].生态学报,2003,23(4):805-813.
[13]蒋旭东,马众模.基于GIS和背景数据知识的空间数据库遥感更新研究[J].安徽地质,2002,12(3):199-203.
[14]朱会义,李秀彬.关于区域土地利用变化指数模型方法的讨论[J].地理学报,2003,58(5):643-650.
[15]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:95-118.
[16]王兮之,Bruelheide H,Runge M,等.基于遥感数据的塔南策勒荒漠-绿洲景观格局分析[J].生态学报,2002,22(9):1491-1450.
[2]李秀斌.全球环境变化的核心领域——土地利用/土地覆被变化的国际研究动向[J].地理学报,1996,51(6):553-557.
[3]Margaret A P,Emily S B,Elizabeth A C,et al.21st centuryvision and action plan for the Ecological Society of America[R/OL].http://esa.org/ecovisions/,2006-06-10.
[4]Franoise B,Jacques B.Landscape ecology:concepts,meth-ods and applications[M].New Hampshire:Science Publish-ers,Inc,2003:8-24.
[5]Goldewijk K K.Estimating global land use change over thepast 300 years:the HYDE Database[J].Global Biogeo-chemical Cycles,2001,15(2):417-434.
[6]Chang Chun-pin.Study on the influence for watershedlandscape ecology by earthquakes and typhoons[J].资源科学,2006,28(4):19-24.
[7]于兴修,杨桂山,李恒鹏.典型流域土地利用/覆被变化及其景观生态效应[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(1):13-19.
[8]张俊,周成虎,李建新.新疆焉耆盆地绿洲景观的空间格局及其变化[J].地理研究,2006,25(2):350-357.
[9]杨国靖,肖笃宁.森林景观格局分析及破碎化评价[J].生态学杂志,2003,22(5):56-61.
[10]黄方,刘湘南,王平.嫩江中下游沼泽湿地景观空间格局变化[J].资源科学,2005,27(4):140-145.
[11]郭丽英,刘彦随,任志远.生态脆弱区土地利用格局变化及其驱动机制分析——以陕西榆林市为例[J].资源科学,2005,27(2):128-133.
[12]高峻,宋永昌.基于遥感和GIS的城乡交错带景观演变研究[J].生态学报,2003,23(4):805-813.
[13]蒋旭东,马众模.基于GIS和背景数据知识的空间数据库遥感更新研究[J].安徽地质,2002,12(3):199-203.
[14]朱会义,李秀彬.关于区域土地利用变化指数模型方法的讨论[J].地理学报,2003,58(5):643-650.
[15]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:95-118.
[16]王兮之,Bruelheide H,Runge M,等.基于遥感数据的塔南策勒荒漠-绿洲景观格局分析[J].生态学报,2002,22(9):1491-1450.
目录