全新世巢湖沉积记录及其环境变化意义
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摘要
根据巢湖全新世沉积地层对比及对ACN钻孔沉积物的测年、粒度、营养元素含量分析,认为巢湖在全新世中经历了频繁的河流、湖泊交互作用,是一个受河流影响十分显著的沿江湖泊。中全新世以来,巢湖共发生三次显著的湖泊收缩过程,分别是在沉积纪录的5 887~5 680 a B.P.时,其后又再度扩张;2 239~2 126 a B.P.时,是在中国历史时期第二温暖期暖干气候条件下形成的,与其同期的河流相冲积层或淤积粘土,正是巢湖周边战国至汉代古文化遗址的基底物质,之后巢湖再度扩张,甚至导致汉代古城成为水下遗址;1 827 a B.P.以来,是巢湖现代淤积过程。
According to the comparison among the Holocene sedimentary piles,as well as an analysis of the age data,granularity and the content of the mineral nutrient of deposits in ACN drilling sample,it is thought that Chaohu Lake impacted by the river mightily is a typical lake along Changjiang River,which experienced frequent river-lake interaction in the Holocene Epoch.Since the Holocene metaphase,the area of Chaohu Lake has remarkably contracted thrice,whose records were kept in the deposits.These records show that there was a contractive process between 5887-5680 a B.P.and then its area expanded renewedly;the sequent contractive process between 2239-2126 a B. P.,which was formed under the climatic conditions of the second period of warming in Chinese history(the contemporaneous fluvial facies alluvium and warp clay is no other than the basement matter of the site of ancient culture in Chaohu Lake and its surroundings during the period between the Warring States and Han Dynasty),following expansion once more that even makes the ancient city of the Han Dynasty into the underwatersite;the last contractive process since 1827 a B. P.,which has been a modern course of silting-up.
According to the comparison among the Holocene sedimentary piles,as well as an analysis of the age data,granularity and the content of the mineral nutrient of deposits in ACN drilling sample,it is thought that Chaohu Lake impacted by the river mightily is a typical lake along Changjiang River,which experienced frequent river-lake interaction in the Holocene Epoch.Since the Holocene metaphase,the area of Chaohu Lake has remarkably contracted thrice,whose records were kept in the deposits.These records show that there was a contractive process between 5887-5680 a B.P.and then its area expanded renewedly;the sequent contractive process between 2239-2126 a B. P.,which was formed under the climatic conditions of the second period of warming in Chinese history(the contemporaneous fluvial facies alluvium and warp clay is no other than the basement matter of the site of ancient culture in Chaohu Lake and its surroundings during the period between the Warring States and Han Dynasty),following expansion once more that even makes the ancient city of the Han Dynasty into the underwatersite;the last contractive process since 1827 a B. P.,which has been a modern course of silting-up.
引文
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[3]李容全,赵烨,邱维理.中国新生代地理学的进展[J].地理科学,1999,19(4):364~367.
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[5]羊向东,王苏民,沈吉,等.近0.3 ka来龙感湖流域人类活动的湖泊环境响应[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(12):1031~1038.
[6]朱诚,张强,张芸,等.长江三角洲长江以北地区全新世以来人地关系的环境考古研究[J].地理科学,2003,23(6):705~712.
[7]申洪源,朱诚,贾玉连.太湖流域地貌与环境变迁对新石器文化传承的影响[J].地理科学,2004,24(5):580~585.
[8]张强,朱诚,姜逢清,等.南京江北地区晚更新世以来环境演变研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(6):498~504.
[9]何华春,丁海燕,张振克,等.淮河中下游洪泽湖湖泊沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境意义[J].地理科学,2005,25(5):590~596.
[10]谢远云,李长安,王秋良,等.江汉平原9.0 ka B.P.以来的气候演化:来自江陵剖面沉积物记录[J].地理科学,2006,26(2):199~204.
[11]郑朝贵,朱诚,高华中,等.南京江北地区晚更新世末期以来泥炭层δ13C记录的古气候变化[J].地理科学,2006,26(3):328~334.
[12]杨世伦,杜景龙,郜昂,等.近半个世纪长江口九段沙湿地的冲淤[J].地理科学,2006,26(3):335~344.
[13]杨则东,晁玉珠,褚进海,等.巢湖淤积及其对水患形成的环境影响遥感分析研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(1):53~57.
[14]王心源,何慧,钱玉春,等.从环境考古角度对故居巢国的蠡测[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,28(1):97~102.
[15]D earing J A.Sed im entary ind icators of lake-level changes inthe hum id temperate zone:a critical review[J].Journal ofPalaeolimnology,1997,18(1):1-14.
[16]陈敬安,万国江,张峰,等.不同时间尺度下的湖泊沉积物环境记录———以沉积物粒度为例[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(6):563~568.
[17]贾铁飞,银山.乌兰布和沙漠全新世地貌演化[J].地理科学,2004,24(2):217~221.
[18]顾成军,戴雪荣,张海林,等.巢湖沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(10):10~13.
[19]Sly P G.Sed im entary processes in lakes[A].In:Lerman A(ed).Lakes:Chem istry,Geology,Physics[C].New York:Spring-Verlag,1978.65~90.
[20]罗建育,陈镇东.台湾高原湖泊沉积记录指示的近4 000 a气候与环境变化[J].中国科学(D辑),1997,27(4):366~372.
[21]黄春长.环境变迁[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.136~149.
[22]王邨,王松海.近五千年来我国中原地区气候在降水量方面的变迁[J].中国科学(B辑),1987,(1):104~112.
[23]王绍武,龚道溢.全新世几个特征时期的中国气温[J].自然科学进展,2000,10(4):325~332.
[24]施雅风,孔昭宸,王苏民,等.中国全新世大暖期鼎盛阶段的气候与环境[J].中国科学(B辑),1993,23(8):865~873.
[25]翟秋敏,李容全,郭志永.坝上高原安固里淖粒度年纹层与环境变化[J].地理科学,2002,22(3):331~334.
[26]陆敏,张卫国,师育新,等.太湖北部沉积物金属和营养元素的垂向变化及其影响因素[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(3):213~220.
[27]M eyers P A.Preservation of elem ental and isotop ic source identi-fication of sed im entary organ ic matter[J].Chem ical Geology,1994,114(3-4):289-302.
[28]王小岚,何雨,贾铁飞,等.距今7 000年来河南郑州西山遗址古代人类生存环境[J].古地理学报,2004,6(2):234~240.
[29]于世永,朱诚,王富葆,等.太湖流域全新世气候海面短期震荡事件及其对新石器文化的影响[J].地理科学,2000,20(4):331~336.
②参见:长江中游主要水患区环境地质调查项目组.长江中游安徽江段及巢湖水患区第四纪地质图———合肥市幅,2001.
[2]Hall R,Smol J P.A weighted-averaging regression and cali-bration model for inferring total phosphorus concentration from d i-atom s in B ritish Columb ia(Canada)lake[J].Freshwater B iolo-gy,1992,27:417-434.
[3]李容全,赵烨,邱维理.中国新生代地理学的进展[J].地理科学,1999,19(4):364~367.
[4]张振克,王苏民.中国湖泊沉积记录的环境演变:研究进展与展望[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(4):417~422.
[5]羊向东,王苏民,沈吉,等.近0.3 ka来龙感湖流域人类活动的湖泊环境响应[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(12):1031~1038.
[6]朱诚,张强,张芸,等.长江三角洲长江以北地区全新世以来人地关系的环境考古研究[J].地理科学,2003,23(6):705~712.
[7]申洪源,朱诚,贾玉连.太湖流域地貌与环境变迁对新石器文化传承的影响[J].地理科学,2004,24(5):580~585.
[8]张强,朱诚,姜逢清,等.南京江北地区晚更新世以来环境演变研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(6):498~504.
[9]何华春,丁海燕,张振克,等.淮河中下游洪泽湖湖泊沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境意义[J].地理科学,2005,25(5):590~596.
[10]谢远云,李长安,王秋良,等.江汉平原9.0 ka B.P.以来的气候演化:来自江陵剖面沉积物记录[J].地理科学,2006,26(2):199~204.
[11]郑朝贵,朱诚,高华中,等.南京江北地区晚更新世末期以来泥炭层δ13C记录的古气候变化[J].地理科学,2006,26(3):328~334.
[12]杨世伦,杜景龙,郜昂,等.近半个世纪长江口九段沙湿地的冲淤[J].地理科学,2006,26(3):335~344.
[13]杨则东,晁玉珠,褚进海,等.巢湖淤积及其对水患形成的环境影响遥感分析研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(1):53~57.
[14]王心源,何慧,钱玉春,等.从环境考古角度对故居巢国的蠡测[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,28(1):97~102.
[15]D earing J A.Sed im entary ind icators of lake-level changes inthe hum id temperate zone:a critical review[J].Journal ofPalaeolimnology,1997,18(1):1-14.
[16]陈敬安,万国江,张峰,等.不同时间尺度下的湖泊沉积物环境记录———以沉积物粒度为例[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(6):563~568.
[17]贾铁飞,银山.乌兰布和沙漠全新世地貌演化[J].地理科学,2004,24(2):217~221.
[18]顾成军,戴雪荣,张海林,等.巢湖沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(10):10~13.
[19]Sly P G.Sed im entary processes in lakes[A].In:Lerman A(ed).Lakes:Chem istry,Geology,Physics[C].New York:Spring-Verlag,1978.65~90.
[20]罗建育,陈镇东.台湾高原湖泊沉积记录指示的近4 000 a气候与环境变化[J].中国科学(D辑),1997,27(4):366~372.
[21]黄春长.环境变迁[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.136~149.
[22]王邨,王松海.近五千年来我国中原地区气候在降水量方面的变迁[J].中国科学(B辑),1987,(1):104~112.
[23]王绍武,龚道溢.全新世几个特征时期的中国气温[J].自然科学进展,2000,10(4):325~332.
[24]施雅风,孔昭宸,王苏民,等.中国全新世大暖期鼎盛阶段的气候与环境[J].中国科学(B辑),1993,23(8):865~873.
[25]翟秋敏,李容全,郭志永.坝上高原安固里淖粒度年纹层与环境变化[J].地理科学,2002,22(3):331~334.
[26]陆敏,张卫国,师育新,等.太湖北部沉积物金属和营养元素的垂向变化及其影响因素[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(3):213~220.
[27]M eyers P A.Preservation of elem ental and isotop ic source identi-fication of sed im entary organ ic matter[J].Chem ical Geology,1994,114(3-4):289-302.
[28]王小岚,何雨,贾铁飞,等.距今7 000年来河南郑州西山遗址古代人类生存环境[J].古地理学报,2004,6(2):234~240.
[29]于世永,朱诚,王富葆,等.太湖流域全新世气候海面短期震荡事件及其对新石器文化的影响[J].地理科学,2000,20(4):331~336.
②参见:长江中游主要水患区环境地质调查项目组.长江中游安徽江段及巢湖水患区第四纪地质图———合肥市幅,2001.
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