铜陵市惠溪河滨岸带土壤重金属形态分布及风险评估
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摘要
为揭示惠溪河滨岸带土壤重金属(Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Cd和As)形态分布和生态风险状况,沿河采集12个采样点的土壤样品,采用改进的Tessier五步连续提取法开展形态分析,并以Hkanson潜在生态危害指数法进行生态风险评估.结果表明:①As和Cr以残渣态占绝对优势,Zn、Pb和Ni以残渣态和Fe-Mn氧化物结合态为主,Cu则以残渣态和有机结合态为主,Cd具有形态多样的分布特征;②7种重金属污染程度排序为As>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr,潜在生态风险大小排序为Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Zn>Cr,其中Cd和As属极高风险等级,Cu为中等风险等级,其他4种元素则为轻微风险等级;③根据潜在生态风险指数,小倪村、狼尾湖右岸和大倪村采样点属于高风险等级,其他9个采样点均属于很高风险等级;④由综合污染及潜在生态风险贡献率水平,初步判定As和Cd为惠溪河滨岸土壤重金属污染治理和修复的优先控制对象.
To investigate chemical forms and the ecological risk of soil heavy metals in riparian zones,twelve soil samples were collected along the Huixi creek,Tongling City,China.Morphological distribution of heavy metals including Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Cd and As were determined by five steps of sequential extraction Tessier methods and ecological risk assessments were conducted by using the potential ecological risk index proposed by Hkanson.The results indicated that: ① As and Cr were absolutely dominated by residual fractions,Zn,Pb and Ni were mainly composed of the residual and Fe-Mn oxide-bound,Cu with the residual and organic-bound,while Cd was controlled by various fractions.②The order of pollution of the seven heavy metals was: As>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr,while the order of the single potential ecological risk was as: Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Zn>Cr.The pollution extent and potential ecological risk of Cd and As were the most serious among all heavy metals.The ecological risk level of Cd and As belonged to extremely strong degree,Cu belonged to medium degree,while others belonged to slight degree.③ According to the values of potential ecological risk index of different sampling sites,the Xiaoni village,the Langwei lake and the Dani village were at the level of the strong risk,while other nine sites were at the level of very strong risk.④ In view of the contribution of each heavy metal to integrate pollution index and potential ecological risk index,it was suggested that both As and Cd were the priority metals in the metals-contaminated riparian zones along the Huixi creek.
To investigate chemical forms and the ecological risk of soil heavy metals in riparian zones,twelve soil samples were collected along the Huixi creek,Tongling City,China.Morphological distribution of heavy metals including Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Cd and As were determined by five steps of sequential extraction Tessier methods and ecological risk assessments were conducted by using the potential ecological risk index proposed by Hkanson.The results indicated that: ① As and Cr were absolutely dominated by residual fractions,Zn,Pb and Ni were mainly composed of the residual and Fe-Mn oxide-bound,Cu with the residual and organic-bound,while Cd was controlled by various fractions.②The order of pollution of the seven heavy metals was: As>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr,while the order of the single potential ecological risk was as: Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Zn>Cr.The pollution extent and potential ecological risk of Cd and As were the most serious among all heavy metals.The ecological risk level of Cd and As belonged to extremely strong degree,Cu belonged to medium degree,while others belonged to slight degree.③ According to the values of potential ecological risk index of different sampling sites,the Xiaoni village,the Langwei lake and the Dani village were at the level of the strong risk,while other nine sites were at the level of very strong risk.④ In view of the contribution of each heavy metal to integrate pollution index and potential ecological risk index,it was suggested that both As and Cd were the priority metals in the metals-contaminated riparian zones along the Huixi creek.
引文
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[29]沈骅,王晓蓉,张景飞.应用应激蛋白HSP70作为生物标志物研究锌、铜及其联合毒性对鲫鱼肝脏的影响[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(5):895-899.
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[32]韩春梅,王林山,巩宗强,等.土壤中重金属形态分析及其环境学意义[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1499-1052.
[2]姜菲菲,孙丹峰,李红,等.北京市农业土壤重金属污染环境风险等级评价[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(8):330-337.
[3]WEI Binggan,YANG Linsheng.A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils,urban road dusts and agricultural soils from China[J].Microchemical Journal,2010,94(2):99-107.
[4]叶宏萌,袁旭音,赵静.铜陵矿区河流沉积物重金属的迁移及环境效应[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(10):1853-1859.
[5]ABOLLINO O,GIACOMINO A,MALANDRINO M,et al.Assessment of availability in a contaminated soil by sequential extraction[J].Water Air Soil Pollut,2006,173(1):315-338.
[6]TESSIER A,CAMPBLL P B C,BISSON M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[7]王图锦,胡学斌,吉芳英,等.三峡库区淹没区土壤重金属形态分布及其水质影响[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(2):158-164.
[8]PUSEY B J,ARTHINGTON A H.Importance of the riparian zone tothe conservation and management of freshwater fish:a review[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,2003,54(1):1-6.
[9]赵同谦,张华,徐华山,等.黄河湿地孟津段不同植物群落类型土壤有机质含量变化特征研究[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(6):638-643.
[10]YE Chen,LI Siyue,ZHANG Yulong,et al.Assessing soil heavy metal pollution in the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J].J Hazard Mater,2011,191(123):366-372.
[11]何文鸣,吴峰,张昌盛,等.河岸带土壤重金属元素的污染及危害评价[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(9):1993-2001.
[12]SANCHEZ-MORENO S,CAMARGO J A,NAVAS A.Ecotoxicological assessment of the impact of residual heavy metals on soil nematodes in the Guadiamar River Basin(Southern Spain)[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2006,116(123):245-262.
[13]张菊,陈诗越,邓焕广,等.山东省部分水岸带土壤重金属含量及污染评价[J].生态学报,2012,32(10):3144-3153.
[14]殷汉琴,周涛发,陈永宁,等.铜陵市大气降尘中Cd元素污染特征及其对土壤的影响[J].地质论评,2011,57(2):218-222.
[15]周涛发,张鑫,袁峰,等.安徽铜陵有色金属矿区环境界面中的重金属迁移模式与生态修复[J].矿物学报,2007,27(S1):403-405.
[16]周元祥.安徽铜陵典型尾矿库地球化学和环境地球化学效应[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2009.
[17]方淑波,贾晓波,安树青,等.盐城海岸带土壤重金属潜在生态风险控制优先格局[J].地理学报,2012,67(1):27-34.
[18]安徽省地质调查院.安徽省江淮流域生态地球化学调查:2011[R].合肥:安徽省地质调查院,2011.
[19]董丽华,李亚男,常素云,等.沉积物中重金属的形态分析及风险评价[J].天津大学学报,2009,42(12):1112-1117.
[20]王友保,张莉,沈章军,等.铜尾矿库区土壤与植物中重金属形态分析[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(12):2418-2422.
[21]侯千,马建华,王晓云,等.开封市幼儿园土壤重金属生物活性及潜在生态风险[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1764-1771.
[22]LU Ying,GONG Zitong,ZHANG Ganlin,et al.Concentrations and chemical speciations of Cu,Zn,Pb and Cr of urban soils in Nanjing,China[J].Geoderma,2003,115(12):101-111.
[23]晋王强,南忠仁,刘晓文,等.金昌市郊农田土壤Cu、Zn、Ni形态分布特征与生物有效性评价[J].环境化学,2010,29(2):220-225.
[24]王美青,章明奎.杭州市城郊土壤重金属含量和形态研究[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(5):603-608.
[25]钱翌,张玮,冉德超.青岛城市土壤重金属的形态分布及影响因素分析[J].环境化学,2011,30(3):652-657.
[26]冯卫卫,罗锡明,刘丹丹.寨上金矿矿区河流沉积物中砷的形态分析[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(4):659-662.
[27]FERNANDEZ J A,CARBALLEIRA A.Evaluation of contamination,by different elements,in terrestrial mosses[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2001,40(4):461-468.
[28]PRESLEY B J,TREFRY J H,SHOKES R.Heavy metal inputs to Mississippi Delta sediments,a historical view[J].Water Air Soil Pollut,1980,13(4):481-494.
[29]沈骅,王晓蓉,张景飞.应用应激蛋白HSP70作为生物标志物研究锌、铜及其联合毒性对鲫鱼肝脏的影响[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(5):895-899.
[30]GANDHI N,HUIJBREGTS M A,MEENT D,et al.Implications of geographic variability on Comparative Toxicity Potentials of Cu,Ni and Zn in freshwaters of Canadian ecoregions[J].Chemosphere,2011,82(2):268-277.
[31]XU Zhiqiang,ZHOU Qixing,LIU Weitao.Joint effects of cadmium and lead on seedlings of four Chinese cabbage cultivars in northeastern China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2009,21(11):1598-1606.
[32]韩春梅,王林山,巩宗强,等.土壤中重金属形态分析及其环境学意义[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1499-1052.
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