巢湖沿岸圩区稻季营养盐的输出特征研究
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摘要
巢湖流域沿岸分布着很多圩区,人们在圩内进行各种农业活动,圩区营养盐的输出是造成巢湖流域非点源污染的重要因素。为了解圩区农业非点源营养盐的输出特征,笔者通过在巢湖流域河网地区选择比较典型的圩区,于2014年水稻生长期进行了较系统的野外调查观测、取样和室内水质分析,探讨在自然降雨-径流的条件下圩区各类营养盐的浓度变化及输出特征。2014年稻季共进行了9次排水,排水量总计73.09 mm,径流系数为0.37,9次排水事件总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的平均浓度分别是3.42、0.22 mg/L,圩区水体处于富营养化水平。降雨-径流强度是影响营养盐浓度变化的重要因素,稻季生长期内TN和TP的输出量是0.28、0.017 kg/hm2,占稻季施肥总量的1.7%和0.16%。径流量是影响营养盐输出总量的关键因素,同时施肥量和施肥至排水事件的间隔天数也是是影响营养盐输出的重要因素。
There are many polder areas located around Chao Lake and agricultural activities are conducted inthese areas. Nutritive salt exportation from polder areas is an important factor of non-point source pollution inChao Lake. In order to understand nutritive salt export characteristics in this area, a typical polder area locatedon the coast of the lake was chosen for the study, systematic field survey observation, sampling and indoorwater quality analysis were conducted in rice growing period in 2014, and the change of concentration andexport characteristic of nutritive salt in polder areas under natural rainfall-runoff condition were discussed.There were 9 rainfall- runoff events in rice season in 2014 and the total amount was 73.09 mm, runoffcoefficient was 0.37. The mean concentration of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were 3.42 and0.22 mg/L in the 9 rainfall-runoff events, which reached the eutrophication levels. The amount of drainageplayed an important role in the variation of nutritive salt concentration, the export amount of TN and TP in ricegrowing period were 0.28 and 0.017 kg/hm2, which accounted for 1.7% and 0.16% of nitrogen and phosphorusfertilization input. Volume of runoff was also an important factor of nutritive salt export, meanwhile, fertilizingamount and the interval between fertilization and rainfall-runoff events could affect nutritive salt exportation.
There are many polder areas located around Chao Lake and agricultural activities are conducted inthese areas. Nutritive salt exportation from polder areas is an important factor of non-point source pollution inChao Lake. In order to understand nutritive salt export characteristics in this area, a typical polder area locatedon the coast of the lake was chosen for the study, systematic field survey observation, sampling and indoorwater quality analysis were conducted in rice growing period in 2014, and the change of concentration andexport characteristic of nutritive salt in polder areas under natural rainfall-runoff condition were discussed.There were 9 rainfall- runoff events in rice season in 2014 and the total amount was 73.09 mm, runoffcoefficient was 0.37. The mean concentration of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were 3.42 and0.22 mg/L in the 9 rainfall-runoff events, which reached the eutrophication levels. The amount of drainageplayed an important role in the variation of nutritive salt concentration, the export amount of TN and TP in ricegrowing period were 0.28 and 0.017 kg/hm2, which accounted for 1.7% and 0.16% of nitrogen and phosphorusfertilization input. Volume of runoff was also an important factor of nutritive salt export, meanwhile, fertilizingamount and the interval between fertilization and rainfall-runoff events could affect nutritive salt exportation.
引文
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[2]闫丽珍,石敏俊,王磊.太湖流域农业面源污染及控制研究进展[J].中国人口资源与环境.2010,20(1):99-107.
[3]莫祚年.圩区水文特性分析及其水位预报[J].水文,2001,21(4):35-37.
[4]詹红丽.大型圩区水环境随机模拟模型及应用研究[D].江苏:河海大学,2005:1-12.
[5]储茵,汪丽婷,马友华,等.巢湖沿岸典型圩区夏季水稻生长期营养盐输出特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):136-140.
[6]詹红丽,张展羽,王南海,等.圩区水环境治理规划及地下水溶质迁移预测模型[J].河海大学学报,2003,31(5):523-525.
[7]高超,朱建国,窦贻俭.农业非点源污染对太湖水质的影响:发展态势与研究重点[J].江流域资源与环境,2002,11,260-263.
[8]朱兆良,文启孝.中国土壤氮素[M].南京:江苏科技出版社.1992:1-100.
[9]梁新强,田光明,李华,等.天然降雨条件下水稻田氮磷径流流失特[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(1):59-63.
[10]Olli G,Darracp A,Destouni G.Field study of phosphorus transport and retention in drainage reaches[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,365:46-55.
[11]Merritt W S,Letcher R A,Jakeman A J.A review of erosion and sediment transport models[J].Environment Model&Software,2003,18(8/9):761-799.
[12]徐爱兰,王鹏.太湖流域典型圩区农田磷素随地表径流迁移特征:农业环境科学学报[J].2008,27(3):1106-1111.
[13]Pote D H,Daniel T C,Nichols D J,et al.Relationship between phosphorous levels in three ultisols and phosphorous concentrations in runoff[J].Environ Qual,1999,28(1):170-175.
[14]Romkens M J,Nelson D W.Phosphorus from fetilized soil[J].Environ Qual,1974,3(1):10-13.
[15]田玉华,尹斌,贺发云,等.太湖地区稻季的氮素径流损失研究[J].土壤学报,2007,44(6):1071-1075.
目录
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