矿山废弃地重金属污染及酸性废水防治分析——以铜陵新桥硫铁矿为例
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摘要
铜陵新桥硫铁矿是一大型的黄铁矿矿床。采矿场裸露岩石、废石堆场岩石的产酸能力大于酸中和能力,导致其采矿活动区产生酸性矿山排水,引起采矿区域及其下游河流重金属污染。针对该硫铁矿的生态环境问题,建议采用植物修复法、矿物吸附法和生物矿化法防治酸性矿山废水和重金属污染;同时,应加强各种修复技术的综合利用及新技术的探索,在防治过程中以生态修复为核心,实现社会、经济和生态环境效益相统一。
Xinqiao Pyrite in Tongling is large pyrite deposit.The acid-producing capacity of stope exposed rock and the rock in waste dump field is greater than acid neutralization capacity,acid mine drainage and heavy metals are produced in mining areas which pollute mine sites and downstream river.For the pyrite mine ecological environment problems,this paper offers that we should use phytoremediation,mineral adsorption,and biomineralization to prevent and treat acid mine drainage and heavy metal pollution.At the same time,we should make great efforts on the comprehensive utilization of all kinds of recovery technique and the exploration of the new technology.In the process of prevention and control,finding ways to apply social and economy with the eco-environment benefit must be based on ecological restoration.
Xinqiao Pyrite in Tongling is large pyrite deposit.The acid-producing capacity of stope exposed rock and the rock in waste dump field is greater than acid neutralization capacity,acid mine drainage and heavy metals are produced in mining areas which pollute mine sites and downstream river.For the pyrite mine ecological environment problems,this paper offers that we should use phytoremediation,mineral adsorption,and biomineralization to prevent and treat acid mine drainage and heavy metal pollution.At the same time,we should make great efforts on the comprehensive utilization of all kinds of recovery technique and the exploration of the new technology.In the process of prevention and control,finding ways to apply social and economy with the eco-environment benefit must be based on ecological restoration.
引文
[1]李海英,顾尚义,吴志强.矿山废弃土地复垦技术研究进展[J].矿业工程,2007,5(2):43-46.
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[4]张倩.矿业废弃地的生态恢复概述[J].江苏环境科技,2008(S1):142-144.
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[6]周涛发,李湘凌,袁峰,等.金属矿区土壤重金属污染的植物修复研究现状[J].地质论评,2008,54(4):516-520.
[7]徐晓春,陈芳,王军,等.铜陵矿山酸性排水及固体废弃物中的重金属元素[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2005,24(6):591-597.
[8]臧文拴,吴淦国,张达,等.铜陵新桥铁矿田地质地球化学特征及成因浅析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(2):187-193.
[9]王中明.新桥硫铁矿矿石选矿工艺研究[J].有色矿山,2000,29(3):32-34.
[10]党志,刘丛强,尚爱安.矿区土壤中重金属活动性评估方法的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(1):86-91.
[11]刘敬勇.矿区土壤重金属污染及生态修复[J].中国矿业,2006,15(12):66-69.
[12]刘敬勇,罗建中.开矿过程中重金属污染特征及治理研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(12):5611-5613.
[13]华凤林,王瑚,王则成.矿山酸性废水的形成机理及防治途径初探[J].河海大学学报,1993,21(5):55-61.
[14]缪应祺.废水生物脱硫机理及技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[15]何准.基于硫酸盐还原菌生物矿化的尾矿库原位修复技术研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2009.
[16]杨元根,刘丛强,张国平,等.铅锌矿山开发导致的重金属在环境介质中的积累[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(4):305-309.
[17]刘志勇,陈建中.酸性矿山废水的处理研究[J].云南环境科学,2004(S2):152-156.
[18]卢志坚,余新华,黄权.矿山废水对饮用水水质及人群肿瘤死亡的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2004,21(5):303-304.
[19]何振立.污染及有益元素的土壤化学平衡[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998.
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[23]束文圣,叶志鸿,张志权,等.华南铅锌尾矿生态恢复的理论与实践[J].生态学报,2003,23(8):1629-1639.
[24]张鑫.安徽铜陵矿区重金属元素释放迁移地球化学特征及其环境效应研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2005.
[25]郭炎,王凯荣,胡荣桂.湘中某锰矿区农田锰污染状况与改良途径[J].农业环境保护,1993,12(5):230-232.
[26]凌乃规.桂东北地区水果生产基地重金属含量状况调查[J].农业环境保护,1993,12(4):179-180,178.
[27]樊金栓.中国北方煤矸石堆积地生态环境特征与植被建设研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2006.
[28]李淑芬,魏英林,鲁建功.滨海地区矿业废弃地整顿研究[J].中国科技信息,2008(11):31-33.
[29]鲁安怀.环境矿物材料在土壤、水体、大气污染治理中的应用[J].岩石矿物学杂志,1999,18(4):292-300.
[30]李晶,尹小龙,张虹,等.天然矿物材料处理重金属废水研究进展[J].能源环境保护,2012,26(2):5-8.
[31]胡振琪,杨秀红.金属矿山污染土地修复研究[J].金属矿山,2004(增刊):39-41.
[32]Stathi P,Litina K,Gournis D,et al.Physicochemical study of novel organoclays as heavy metal ion adsorbents for environmental remediation[J/OL].J Colloid InterfaceSci,2007,316(2):298-309.(2007-12-15)[2013-04-05]http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021979707010673.
[33]陈天虎,冯军会,徐晓春.国外尾矿酸性排水和重金属淋滤作用研究进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(2):41-46.
[34]Gon!alves MM,da Costa AC,Leite SG,et al.Heavy metal removal from synthetic wastewaters in an anaerobic bioreactor using stillage from ethanol distilleries as a carbon source[J/OL].Chemosphere,2007,69(11):1815-1820.[2013-04-05]http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Heavymetal-removal-from-synthetic/17644156.html.
[35]Chang IS,Kim BH.Effect of sulfate reduction activity on biological treatment of hexavalent chromium[Cr(VI)]contaminated electroplating wastewater under sulfate-rich condition[J].Chemosphere,2007,68(2):218-226.
[36]黎少杰,陈天虎,周跃飞,等.Zn(Ⅱ)对生物质碳源处理酸性矿山排水中厌氧微生物活性影响[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):293-298.
[37]Labrenz M,Druschel GK,Thomsen-Ebert T,et al.Sphalerite(ZnS)deposits forming innatural biofilms of sulfate—reducing bacteria[J/OL].Science,2000,290(5497):1744-1747.(2000-12-01)[2013-04-05]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099408.
[38]万由令,李龙海.玉米芯为碳源实现酸性矿山废水生物处理[J].工业安全与环保,2004,30(5):11-15.
[2]赵默涵.矿山废弃地土壤基质改良研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(12):128-131.
[3]麦少芝,徐颂军,梁志娇.矿业废弃地的特点及其环境影响[J].云南地理环境研究,2005,17(3):23-27.
[4]张倩.矿业废弃地的生态恢复概述[J].江苏环境科技,2008(S1):142-144.
[5]黄铭洪.环境污染与生态恢复[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[6]周涛发,李湘凌,袁峰,等.金属矿区土壤重金属污染的植物修复研究现状[J].地质论评,2008,54(4):516-520.
[7]徐晓春,陈芳,王军,等.铜陵矿山酸性排水及固体废弃物中的重金属元素[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2005,24(6):591-597.
[8]臧文拴,吴淦国,张达,等.铜陵新桥铁矿田地质地球化学特征及成因浅析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(2):187-193.
[9]王中明.新桥硫铁矿矿石选矿工艺研究[J].有色矿山,2000,29(3):32-34.
[10]党志,刘丛强,尚爱安.矿区土壤中重金属活动性评估方法的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(1):86-91.
[11]刘敬勇.矿区土壤重金属污染及生态修复[J].中国矿业,2006,15(12):66-69.
[12]刘敬勇,罗建中.开矿过程中重金属污染特征及治理研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(12):5611-5613.
[13]华凤林,王瑚,王则成.矿山酸性废水的形成机理及防治途径初探[J].河海大学学报,1993,21(5):55-61.
[14]缪应祺.废水生物脱硫机理及技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[15]何准.基于硫酸盐还原菌生物矿化的尾矿库原位修复技术研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2009.
[16]杨元根,刘丛强,张国平,等.铅锌矿山开发导致的重金属在环境介质中的积累[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(4):305-309.
[17]刘志勇,陈建中.酸性矿山废水的处理研究[J].云南环境科学,2004(S2):152-156.
[18]卢志坚,余新华,黄权.矿山废水对饮用水水质及人群肿瘤死亡的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2004,21(5):303-304.
[19]何振立.污染及有益元素的土壤化学平衡[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998.
[20]周启星,黄国宏.环境生物地球化学及全球环境变化[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[21]骆永明.强化植物修复的螯合诱导技术及其环境风险[J].土壤,2000,32(2):57-61,74.
[22]吴欢,周兴.矿山废弃地生态恢复研究[J].广西师范学院学报(自然科学版),2003(S1):32-35,42.
[23]束文圣,叶志鸿,张志权,等.华南铅锌尾矿生态恢复的理论与实践[J].生态学报,2003,23(8):1629-1639.
[24]张鑫.安徽铜陵矿区重金属元素释放迁移地球化学特征及其环境效应研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2005.
[25]郭炎,王凯荣,胡荣桂.湘中某锰矿区农田锰污染状况与改良途径[J].农业环境保护,1993,12(5):230-232.
[26]凌乃规.桂东北地区水果生产基地重金属含量状况调查[J].农业环境保护,1993,12(4):179-180,178.
[27]樊金栓.中国北方煤矸石堆积地生态环境特征与植被建设研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2006.
[28]李淑芬,魏英林,鲁建功.滨海地区矿业废弃地整顿研究[J].中国科技信息,2008(11):31-33.
[29]鲁安怀.环境矿物材料在土壤、水体、大气污染治理中的应用[J].岩石矿物学杂志,1999,18(4):292-300.
[30]李晶,尹小龙,张虹,等.天然矿物材料处理重金属废水研究进展[J].能源环境保护,2012,26(2):5-8.
[31]胡振琪,杨秀红.金属矿山污染土地修复研究[J].金属矿山,2004(增刊):39-41.
[32]Stathi P,Litina K,Gournis D,et al.Physicochemical study of novel organoclays as heavy metal ion adsorbents for environmental remediation[J/OL].J Colloid InterfaceSci,2007,316(2):298-309.(2007-12-15)[2013-04-05]http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021979707010673.
[33]陈天虎,冯军会,徐晓春.国外尾矿酸性排水和重金属淋滤作用研究进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(2):41-46.
[34]Gon!alves MM,da Costa AC,Leite SG,et al.Heavy metal removal from synthetic wastewaters in an anaerobic bioreactor using stillage from ethanol distilleries as a carbon source[J/OL].Chemosphere,2007,69(11):1815-1820.[2013-04-05]http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Heavymetal-removal-from-synthetic/17644156.html.
[35]Chang IS,Kim BH.Effect of sulfate reduction activity on biological treatment of hexavalent chromium[Cr(VI)]contaminated electroplating wastewater under sulfate-rich condition[J].Chemosphere,2007,68(2):218-226.
[36]黎少杰,陈天虎,周跃飞,等.Zn(Ⅱ)对生物质碳源处理酸性矿山排水中厌氧微生物活性影响[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):293-298.
[37]Labrenz M,Druschel GK,Thomsen-Ebert T,et al.Sphalerite(ZnS)deposits forming innatural biofilms of sulfate—reducing bacteria[J/OL].Science,2000,290(5497):1744-1747.(2000-12-01)[2013-04-05]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099408.
[38]万由令,李龙海.玉米芯为碳源实现酸性矿山废水生物处理[J].工业安全与环保,2004,30(5):11-15.
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