安徽铜陵地区河流生态系统健康的多指标评价
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摘要
根据安徽铜陵地区河流2010年水生态调查数据,构建了涵盖上覆水体、沉积物、水生生物和河流物理栖息地质量等要素的河流生态系统健康评价的候选指标体系.采用主成分分析与相关性分析方法进行指标筛选,构成河流健康综合评价指标体系,以基于方差赋权的综合指数法作为评价方法,评判多指标下的河流健康等级状况.结果表明,铜陵地区河流生态系统的60个采样点中仅2个达到"健康"等级,16个达到"亚健康"等级,33个为"较差"等级,剩余9个为"疾病"等级,铜陵地区河流生态系统退化较为严重.矿山开采活动、农业面源污染和生活污水排放是导致铜陵地区河流生态系统健康恶化的主要原因.
A system of candidate indices,including physical-chemical parameters for water quality,parameters for sediment quality,aquatic organisms indices and physical habitat quality indice were set based on monitoring data collected from the river in Tongling area in 2010.Principal component analysis(PCA) and correlation analysis were used to select twenty parameters from thirty candidate parameters,and an integrated assessment index system was incorporated.The health level at each sampling site was analyzed using synthesis index based on standard variance method.The results showed that 2 of 60 sites were "healthy" level,16 were "sub-healthy" level,33 were "poor" level,and the last 9 were "sick" level,which suggested the serious degradation of river ecosystem in Tongling.Mining activities,agricultural non-point source pollution and domestic waste water were the main factors impacting the river healthy.
A system of candidate indices,including physical-chemical parameters for water quality,parameters for sediment quality,aquatic organisms indices and physical habitat quality indice were set based on monitoring data collected from the river in Tongling area in 2010.Principal component analysis(PCA) and correlation analysis were used to select twenty parameters from thirty candidate parameters,and an integrated assessment index system was incorporated.The health level at each sampling site was analyzed using synthesis index based on standard variance method.The results showed that 2 of 60 sites were "healthy" level,16 were "sub-healthy" level,33 were "poor" level,and the last 9 were "sick" level,which suggested the serious degradation of river ecosystem in Tongling.Mining activities,agricultural non-point source pollution and domestic waste water were the main factors impacting the river healthy.
引文
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[24]朱燕玲,过仲阳,叶属峰,等.崇明东滩海岸带生态系统退化诊断体系的构建[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(2):513-518.
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[27]张鑫.安徽铜陵矿区重金属元素释放迁移地球化学特征及其环境效应研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2005.
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[30]夏霆,朱伟,姜谋余,等.城市河流栖息地评价方法与应用[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(12):2095-2104.
[31]赵兴青,杨柳燕,陈灿,等.PCR-DGGE技术用于湖泊沉积物中微生物群落结构多样性研究[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3610-3616.
[32]Lglesia R D,Castro D,Ginocchio R,et al.Factors influencing thecomposition of bacterial communities found at abandonedcopper-tailings dumps[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2006,100:537-544.
[33]陈敬安,万国江.云南程海现代沉积物物环境记录[J].矿物学报,2000,20(2):112-116.
[34]孙惠民,何江,吕昌伟,等.乌梁素海沉积物中有机质和全氮含量分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(4):620-624.
[35]Howarth R W,Ftuci J R,Sherman D.Inputs of sediment andcarbon to an estuarine ecosystem:influence of land use[J].Biological Applications,1991,1(1):27-29.
[36]朱广伟,陈英旭.沉积物中有机质的环境行为研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2001,13(3):272-279.
[37]李晓晨,赵丽,王超.玄武湖上覆水间隙水和沉积物中的重金属分布研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(5):4-6.
[38]叶宏萌,袁旭音,赵静.铜陵矿区河流沉积物重金属的迁移及环境效应[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(10):1853-1859.
[2]王智,张志勇,张君倩,等.水葫芦修复富营养化湖泊水体区域内外底栖动物群落特征[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(1):142-149.
[3]曾庆飞,谷孝鸿,毛志刚,等.固城湖及上下游河道富营养化和浮游藻类现状[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(8):1487-1494.
[4]吴江平,管运涛,张荧,等.广东电子垃圾污染区水体底层鱼类对PCBs的富集效应[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(4):637-641.
[5]赵彦伟,杨志峰.河流健康:概念与方法[J].地理科学,2005,25(1):119-124.
[6]Brizga S,Finlays B.River management:the Australianexperience Chischeste[M].New York:Johnwiley and Sons,2000.
[7]Ladson A R,whit L J,Doolan J A,et al.Development and testingof an index of stream condition of waterway management inAustralia[J].Freshwater Biol.,1999,41:453-468.
[8]Petersen R C.The RCE:a riparian,channel,and environmentalinventory for small streams in the agriculture landscape[J].Freshwater Biology,1992,27:295-306.
[9]Thomoson J R,Taylor M P,Fryirs K A,et al.A geomorphologicalframework for river characterization and habitat assessment[J].Aquatic Conservation:Marine and Freshwater Eccosystems,2001,11(5):373-389.
[10]Norris R H,Thoms M C.What is river health?[J].FreshwaterBiology,1999,41:197-209.
[11]Boulton A J.An overview of river health assessment:philosophies,practice,problems and prognosis[J].FreshwaterBiology,1999,41:469-479.
[12]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[13]US Environment Protection Agency.Microwave assisted aciddigestion of siliceous and organically based matrices[EB/OL].(1996-12)[2012-03-14].http://www.epa.gov/wastes/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/3052.pdf1998-12/2012-07-16.
[14]金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范[M].2版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[15]刘国才,赖伟,殷浩文,等.上海苏州河大型底栖动物的研究[J].中国环境科学,2001,21(2):112-114.
[16]Barbour M T,Gerritsen J,Snyder B D,et al.Rapid bioassessmentprotocols for use in stream and wadeable rivers:periphyton,benthic macroinvertebrates and fish[M].2nd ed.Washington DC:US Environmental Protection Agency,Office of water,1999.
[17]Zhou J,Bruns M A,Tiedje J M.DNA recovery from soils ofdiverse composition[J].Applied and Environment Microbiology,1996,62(2):316-322.
[18]贺梦醒,高毅,孙庆业.尾矿废水对河流沉积物和稻田土壤细菌多样性的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1778-1785.
[19]郑丙辉,张远,李英博.辽河流域河流栖息地评价指标与评价方法研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(6):928-936.
[20]Barbour M T.Biological assessment strategies:Applications andLimitations[C]//Grothe D R,Dickson K L,Reed D k.Wholeeffluent toxicity testing:An evaluation of methods and predictionof receiving system impacts.Pensacola:SETAC Press,1996,245-270.
[21]高玉荣.京津地区主要河流浮游植物群落结构特征与河流质量的研究[J].中国环境科学,1992,12(3):203-209.
[22]Hill TC J,Walsh K A,Harris J A,et al.Using ecological diversitymeasures with bacterial communities[J].FEMS MicrobiologyEcology,2003,43(1):1-11.
[23]周文华,王如松.基于熵权的北京城市生态系统健康模糊综合评价[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3244-3250.
[24]朱燕玲,过仲阳,叶属峰,等.崇明东滩海岸带生态系统退化诊断体系的构建[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(2):513-518.
[25]何兴军,李琦,宋令勇.河流生态健康评价研究综述[J].地下水,2011,33(2):63-66.
[26]范英宏,杨至峰,杨晓华,等.基于层次分析的方差赋权法的理论及应用[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(6):135-138.
[27]张鑫.安徽铜陵矿区重金属元素释放迁移地球化学特征及其环境效应研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2005.
[28]Leivuori M,Niemisto L.Sedimentation of trace metals in theGulf of Bothnia[J].Chemosphere,31(8):3839-3856.
[29]张楠,孟伟,张远,等.辽河流域河流生态系统健康的多指标评价方法[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(2):162-170.
[30]夏霆,朱伟,姜谋余,等.城市河流栖息地评价方法与应用[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(12):2095-2104.
[31]赵兴青,杨柳燕,陈灿,等.PCR-DGGE技术用于湖泊沉积物中微生物群落结构多样性研究[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3610-3616.
[32]Lglesia R D,Castro D,Ginocchio R,et al.Factors influencing thecomposition of bacterial communities found at abandonedcopper-tailings dumps[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2006,100:537-544.
[33]陈敬安,万国江.云南程海现代沉积物物环境记录[J].矿物学报,2000,20(2):112-116.
[34]孙惠民,何江,吕昌伟,等.乌梁素海沉积物中有机质和全氮含量分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(4):620-624.
[35]Howarth R W,Ftuci J R,Sherman D.Inputs of sediment andcarbon to an estuarine ecosystem:influence of land use[J].Biological Applications,1991,1(1):27-29.
[36]朱广伟,陈英旭.沉积物中有机质的环境行为研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2001,13(3):272-279.
[37]李晓晨,赵丽,王超.玄武湖上覆水间隙水和沉积物中的重金属分布研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(5):4-6.
[38]叶宏萌,袁旭音,赵静.铜陵矿区河流沉积物重金属的迁移及环境效应[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(10):1853-1859.
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