基于地学信息图谱的合肥市城市扩展时空特征及驱动力分析
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摘要
利用多时相遥感影像,借助ArcGIS平台,采用空间形态分析、等扇分析、等距分析及分形分析等方法,以城市扩展强度、紧凑度、分形维数、重心坐标、扩展弹性系数等为指标,基于地学信息图谱分析了1987~2011年合肥市城市扩展时空特征及其驱动力。结果表明:合肥市在经历了轴向放射状扩展、双核组团扩展及轴间填充后,城市形态由不规则团块状向星楔形、连体双星形转变;24a间,城市用地面积增长了224.15km2,城市规模扩大了4.55倍;2000年以前基本保持中、低速扩展,进入21世纪后,开始高速扩展;城市空间主要沿交通线向西南、东南、东、东北等方向非均衡延展,城市扩展最强烈的区域约在距城区中心8km处,城市重心不断向南偏西方向转移;扩展过程中,城市紧凑度呈"W"型波动,分形维数呈"M"型波动,扩展弹性系数呈"∧"型波动,城市形态最终向着稳定、合理化方向发展;自然环境、经济发展、人口增长、交通建设、政府行为等是合肥市城市扩展的主要驱动力量。
Owing to the regional differences in the nature,society and economy,there are diversities in space expansion in different cities which,accordingly,cause the diversities in social,economic and eco-environmental benefits.Therefore,it is beneficial to predict,guide and regulate the future development of the city,analyze and settle the problems in the citys social and economic development by clarifying the changes in urban expansion,revealing the growth process and evolution rule of the city.Since the 1980 s,there has been a rapid development in the economy of Hefei City,an increase in its urbanization and obvious changes in the urban space expansion.Based on the geo-informatic map,the spatial expansion information of Hefei City was extracted by man-machine interactive method from multi-temporal satellite images,and the temporal and spatial expansion characteristics of Hefei from 1987 to 2011as well as their driving forces were analyzed with indices such as urban expansion intensity,compactness,fractal dimension,center coordinates,and elasticity coefficient with the help of ArcGIS software platform and some different research methods,such as spatial form analysis,fans analysis,fractal analysis.The result shows that after the expansion alongside the transportation axes,the dual-core group expansion and the filling in the transportation axes,the urban form of Hefei City has transformed from irregular block mass into star-wedge complex and conjoined twin star shape.During 24 years,urban land area in Hefei City were increased by 224.15m2,the city size expanded 4.55 times.Before 2000,the city kept extending mainly at a medium and lower speed,while after entering 21 st century,it began extending at a high speed,especially between2000 to 2006.The urban expansion has showed an obvious spatial heterogeneity,and the urban space has expanded unevenly alongside the external traffic lines towards the southwest,the southeast,the east and the northeast.There are obvious differences among the expansion directions of the urban land in different period.The most obvious expanding area lied in the place which is about 8km from the city center,and the focus of city shifted to the south.The compactness,fractal dimension and elasticity coefficient of the city were fluctuated just like types of"W","M"and"∧"respectively,and the urban spatial form developed towards the stability and rationalization finally.In the future,the focus of city will continue the expansion toward the south while its direction may move to the east a bit,the distance between the north and south will become longer,and the urban form will become more regular and develop into a round shape.Natural environmental conditions,economic development,population growth,traffic infrastructure development,and government behaviors are the main driving forces of the urban expansion in Hefei City.The unbalanced changes in the urban expansion are the results made by the influence of multiple driving forces.
Owing to the regional differences in the nature,society and economy,there are diversities in space expansion in different cities which,accordingly,cause the diversities in social,economic and eco-environmental benefits.Therefore,it is beneficial to predict,guide and regulate the future development of the city,analyze and settle the problems in the citys social and economic development by clarifying the changes in urban expansion,revealing the growth process and evolution rule of the city.Since the 1980 s,there has been a rapid development in the economy of Hefei City,an increase in its urbanization and obvious changes in the urban space expansion.Based on the geo-informatic map,the spatial expansion information of Hefei City was extracted by man-machine interactive method from multi-temporal satellite images,and the temporal and spatial expansion characteristics of Hefei from 1987 to 2011as well as their driving forces were analyzed with indices such as urban expansion intensity,compactness,fractal dimension,center coordinates,and elasticity coefficient with the help of ArcGIS software platform and some different research methods,such as spatial form analysis,fans analysis,fractal analysis.The result shows that after the expansion alongside the transportation axes,the dual-core group expansion and the filling in the transportation axes,the urban form of Hefei City has transformed from irregular block mass into star-wedge complex and conjoined twin star shape.During 24 years,urban land area in Hefei City were increased by 224.15m2,the city size expanded 4.55 times.Before 2000,the city kept extending mainly at a medium and lower speed,while after entering 21 st century,it began extending at a high speed,especially between2000 to 2006.The urban expansion has showed an obvious spatial heterogeneity,and the urban space has expanded unevenly alongside the external traffic lines towards the southwest,the southeast,the east and the northeast.There are obvious differences among the expansion directions of the urban land in different period.The most obvious expanding area lied in the place which is about 8km from the city center,and the focus of city shifted to the south.The compactness,fractal dimension and elasticity coefficient of the city were fluctuated just like types of"W","M"and"∧"respectively,and the urban spatial form developed towards the stability and rationalization finally.In the future,the focus of city will continue the expansion toward the south while its direction may move to the east a bit,the distance between the north and south will become longer,and the urban form will become more regular and develop into a round shape.Natural environmental conditions,economic development,population growth,traffic infrastructure development,and government behaviors are the main driving forces of the urban expansion in Hefei City.The unbalanced changes in the urban expansion are the results made by the influence of multiple driving forces.
引文
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[22]崔福全,徐新良,孙希华.上海城市空间扩展过程模拟预测的多模型对比[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2703-2708.
[23]齐清文.地学信息图谱的最新进展[J].测绘科学,2004,29(6):15-23.
[24]张荣群.地学信息图谱研究进展[J].测绘科学,2009,34(1):14-16.
[25]史学正,张定祥,潘贤章.近35年苏南典型地区的城镇扩展动态研究——以1996-2001年常熟市为例[J].土壤学报,2002.39(6):780-786.
[26]BATTY M.Exploring isovist fields:space and shape in architectural and urban morphology[J].Environmental and Planning B:Planning and Design,2001,28(2):123-150.
[27]MANDELBROT B B.Fractal:Form,chance and dimension[M].San Francisco:W H Freeman,1977.
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[30]沈非,查良松,李军利,等.基于分维数和稳定性指数的苏州市土地利用结构变化分析[J].土壤,2007,33(5):50-54.
[31]章剑龙,苏玉燕,汪洪波,等.芜湖市城市扩展的遥感监测及驱动力研究[J].地域研究与开发,2008.27(2):123-127.
[32]谈明洪,李秀彬,吕昌河.20世纪90年代中国大中城市建设用地扩张及其对耕地的占用[J].中国科学(D辑),2004,34(12):1157-1165.
[33]萧笃宁.城市化进程与土地资源的可持续利用[J].云南地理环境研究,1997,9(1):32-39.
[34]车前进,马晓冬,梁美玉.徐州城市用地扩展特征及影响因素分析[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2008,3(3):87-94.
[2]刘雅轩,张小雷,雷军,等.新疆绿洲城市扩展与空间形态变化分析[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):252-256.
[3]匡文慧,张树文,张养贞,等.1900年以来长春市土地利用空间扩展机理分析[J].地理学报,2005,60(5):841-850.
[4]郭月婷,廖和平,彭征.中国城市空间拓展研究动态[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(3):370-375.
[5]闫梅,黄金川.国内外城市空间扩展研究评析[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(7):1039-1050.
[6]WILSONA E H,HURDA J D,CIVCOA D L,et al.Development of a geospatial model to quantify,describe and map urban growth[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,86(3):275-285.
[7]XIAN G,CRANE M.Assessments of urban growth in the Tampa Bay watershed using remote sensing data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,97(2):203-215.
[8]刘盛和,吴传钧,沈洪泉.基于GIS的北京城市土地利用扩展模式[J].地理学报,2000,55(4):407-416.
[9]张心怡,刘敏,孟飞.基于RS和GIS的上海城建用地扩展研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(1):30-32.
[10]李飞雪,李满春,刘永学,等.建国以来南京城市扩展研究[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(4):524-535.
[11]王厚军,李小玉,张祖陆,等.1979-2006年沈阳市城市空间扩展过程分析[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(12):2673-2679.
[12]张秀芹,洪再生.近代天津城市空间形态的演变[J].城市规划学刊,2009,(6):93-98.
[13]王伟武,金建伟,肖作鹏,等.近18年来杭州城市用地扩展特征及其驱动机制[J].地理研究,2009,28(3):685-695.
[14]唐兵,安瓦尔·买买提明,张园园.石河子市城市化过程中城市用地扩张的特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(2):247-250.
[15]尚正永,张小林,周晓钟.基于RS/GIS的城市空间扩展与外部形态演变研究——以江苏省淮安市为例[J].经济地理,2012,32(8):64-70.
[16]牟凤云,张增祥,迟耀斌,等.基于多源遥感数据的北京市1973-2005年间城市建成区的动态监测与驱动力分析[J].遥感学报,2007,11(2):257-268.
[17]王秋兵,卢娜,边振兴.沈阳市城区扩展动态监测与驱动力分析[J].资源科学,2008.30(7):1068-1075.
[18]周春山,叶昌东.中国特大城市空间增长特征及其原因分析[J].地理学报,2013,68(6):728-738.
[19]何春阳,陈晋,史培军,等.大都市区城市扩展模拟——以北京城市扩展模拟为例[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):294-304.
[20]LIU H P,ZHOU Q M.Developing urban growth predictions from spatial indicators based on multi-temporal images[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2005,29(5):580-594.
[21]刘纪远,王新生,庄大方,等.凸壳原理用于城市用地空间扩展类型识别[J].地理学报,2003,58(6):885-892.
[22]崔福全,徐新良,孙希华.上海城市空间扩展过程模拟预测的多模型对比[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2703-2708.
[23]齐清文.地学信息图谱的最新进展[J].测绘科学,2004,29(6):15-23.
[24]张荣群.地学信息图谱研究进展[J].测绘科学,2009,34(1):14-16.
[25]史学正,张定祥,潘贤章.近35年苏南典型地区的城镇扩展动态研究——以1996-2001年常熟市为例[J].土壤学报,2002.39(6):780-786.
[26]BATTY M.Exploring isovist fields:space and shape in architectural and urban morphology[J].Environmental and Planning B:Planning and Design,2001,28(2):123-150.
[27]MANDELBROT B B.Fractal:Form,chance and dimension[M].San Francisco:W H Freeman,1977.
[28]MANDELBROT B B.The fractal geometry of nature[M].San Francisco:W H Freeman,1982.
[29]BATTY M,LONGLEY P A.Fractal-based description of urban form[J].Environment and Planning and Design,1987,14(2):123-134.
[30]沈非,查良松,李军利,等.基于分维数和稳定性指数的苏州市土地利用结构变化分析[J].土壤,2007,33(5):50-54.
[31]章剑龙,苏玉燕,汪洪波,等.芜湖市城市扩展的遥感监测及驱动力研究[J].地域研究与开发,2008.27(2):123-127.
[32]谈明洪,李秀彬,吕昌河.20世纪90年代中国大中城市建设用地扩张及其对耕地的占用[J].中国科学(D辑),2004,34(12):1157-1165.
[33]萧笃宁.城市化进程与土地资源的可持续利用[J].云南地理环境研究,1997,9(1):32-39.
[34]车前进,马晓冬,梁美玉.徐州城市用地扩展特征及影响因素分析[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2008,3(3):87-94.
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