巢湖周边表土中有机质、全氮和全磷空间分布及其相关性
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摘要
测定了巢湖周边3 528 km2范围内60个混合土样中的有机质(organic matter,OM)、全氮(total nitrogen,TN)和全磷(total phosphorus,TP)含量,通过GS 7.0+地统计学分析软件、Surfer 8.0及Mapinfo 8.5软件研究了这3种营养盐的空间分布,并使用SPSS 17.0软件对各指标间的相关性进行了分析.结果表明:①巢湖周边表土中ω(OM)、ω(TN)和ω(TP)平均值依次为19 500、1 027和483 mg.kg-1,东巢湖表土中ω(OM)和ω(TN)均值高于西巢湖,而磷矿的存在导致了ω(TP)均值西高东低;②位于巢湖西南的杭埠-丰乐河和白石天河周边表土中(TP)本底值较高,且水土流失十分严重,巢湖面源污染管理必须高度重视该两河的TP控制;③在线性模型下,巢湖周边表土中ω(OM)、ω(TN)和ω(TP)的块金值/基台值依次为0.015、0.202和0.128.巢湖周边表土中ω(OM)、ω(TN)和ω(TP)具有极强的空间自相关性,三者Pearson检验为两两显著相关,巢湖周边表土中ω(TN)和ω(TP)可由ω(OM)通过文中所得的公式估算,精度能满足日常管理需要.
Sixty topsoil composite samples(0-20 cm) have been collected in 3 258 km2 surrounding area of Chaohu Lake.The concentrations of organic material(OM),total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were determined,and their spatial distribution characteristics were studied by geo-statistics software named GS 7.0+,Surfer 8.0 and Mapinfo 8.5.The correlations of these 3 kinds of nutrient were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 at the same time.Results showed that the average ω(OM),ω(TN) and ω(TP) in topsoil around Chaohu Lake were 19 500 mg·kg-1,1 027 mg·kg-1 and 483 mg·kg-1.The ω(OM) and ω(TN) in topsoil in the east of Chaohu Lake were both higher than those in the west of the lake,while ω(TP) was reverse.The ω(TP) in topsoil around Hangbu-Fengle River and Baishitianhe River which located in the southwest of Chaohu Lake was higher than that in any other rivers and with the serious soil erosion.Hence,to control the TP released by nonpoint pollution,attention should be paid on these two rivers.Furthermore,the semivariogram models of ω(OM),ω(TN) and ω(TP) followed linear model and they all had a strong spatial autocorrelation,the ratios of nugget to sill were 0.015,0.202 and 0.128,respectively.The characteristics of spatial distribution of ω(OM),ω(TN) and ω(TP) were similar.Moreover,the Pearson correlation analysis showed that ω(OM),ω(TN) and ω(TP) were significantly correlated.The ω(TN) and ω(TP) can be calculated by two recommended formulas,and the results were acceptable in daily non-pint pollution management.
Sixty topsoil composite samples(0-20 cm) have been collected in 3 258 km2 surrounding area of Chaohu Lake.The concentrations of organic material(OM),total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were determined,and their spatial distribution characteristics were studied by geo-statistics software named GS 7.0+,Surfer 8.0 and Mapinfo 8.5.The correlations of these 3 kinds of nutrient were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 at the same time.Results showed that the average ω(OM),ω(TN) and ω(TP) in topsoil around Chaohu Lake were 19 500 mg·kg-1,1 027 mg·kg-1 and 483 mg·kg-1.The ω(OM) and ω(TN) in topsoil in the east of Chaohu Lake were both higher than those in the west of the lake,while ω(TP) was reverse.The ω(TP) in topsoil around Hangbu-Fengle River and Baishitianhe River which located in the southwest of Chaohu Lake was higher than that in any other rivers and with the serious soil erosion.Hence,to control the TP released by nonpoint pollution,attention should be paid on these two rivers.Furthermore,the semivariogram models of ω(OM),ω(TN) and ω(TP) followed linear model and they all had a strong spatial autocorrelation,the ratios of nugget to sill were 0.015,0.202 and 0.128,respectively.The characteristics of spatial distribution of ω(OM),ω(TN) and ω(TP) were similar.Moreover,the Pearson correlation analysis showed that ω(OM),ω(TN) and ω(TP) were significantly correlated.The ω(TN) and ω(TP) can be calculated by two recommended formulas,and the results were acceptable in daily non-pint pollution management.
引文
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[24]李雷,戴万宏.巢湖水体富营养化污染现状及防治对策[J].中国水土保持,2009,(7):55-57.
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[28]屠清瑛,顾丁锡,尹澄清,等.巢湖——富营养化的研究[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1990.1-100.
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[30]王振祥,朱晓东,孟平.巢湖富营养化年度尺度变化分析及对策[J].环境保护,2009,(6):33-36.
[31]王绪伟,王心源,封毅,等.巢湖沉积物总磷分布及其地质成因[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(4):496-499.
[32]王晓燕.非点源污染及其管理[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.3-4.
[33]吴卿,杨春霞,甄斌,等.草被覆盖度对黄土坡面径流产沙影响的试验研究[J].中国水土保持,2010,(9):56-58.
[34]夏林益.杭埠河流域水土流失及其治理对策研究[D].芜湖:安徽师范大学,2007.1-45.
[35]高义民,同延安,胡正义,等.黄土区村级农田土壤养分空间变异特征研究[J].土壤通报,2006,37(1):1-6.
[36]安徽省土壤普查办公室.安徽土壤[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.532-545.
[37]刘杏梅,徐建民,章明奎,等.太湖流域土壤养分空间变异特征分析——以浙江省平湖市为例[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2003,29(1):
[2]雷能忠,蒋锦刚,黄大鹏.杭埠河流域土壤全氮和有机质的空间变异特征[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2008,47(2):300-304.
[3]白军红,王庆改,黄来斌,等.内陆碱化湿地土壤有机质和全磷的时空分布特征[J].海洋湖沼通报,2010,(4):34-40.
[4]Maquere V,Laclau J P,Bernoux M,et al.Influence of land use(savanna,pasture,Eucalyptus plantations)on soil carbon andnitrogen stocks in Brazil[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2008,59(5):863-877.
[5]Mzuku M,Khosla R,Reich R.Spatial variability of measuredsoil properties across site-specific management zones[J].SoilScience Society of America Journal,2005,69(5):1572-1579.
[6]张国耀,程先富,鲍伟佳,等.小流域土壤有机质和全磷空间变异分析——以安徽省舒城县龙潭小流域为例[J].应用与环境生态学报,2011,17(2):169-173.
[7]范桂荣,王长春,陈书琴,等.巢湖周边地区表层土壤总氮有机质空间分布特征[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(5):117-120.
[8]董文涛,程先富.巢湖流域非点源污染研究综述[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(8):46-49.
[9]李俊然,陈利顶,郭旭东,等.土地利用结构对非点源污染的影响[J].中国环境科学,2000,20(6):210-506.
[10]阎伍玖,鲍祥.巢湖流域农业活动与非点源污染的初步研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):129-132.
[11]晏维金,尹澄清,孙璞,等.磷氮在水田湿地中的迁移转化及径流流失过程[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(3):312-316.
[12]金庆海,朱素菊,黄文钰,等.巢湖合肥地区洗衣粉排磷占入湖磷贡献率的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2001,23(6):320-322.
[13]程杰,李学德,花日茂,等.巢湖水体沉积物重金属的分布及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1403-1408.
[14]张明,花日茂,李学德,等.巢湖表层水体中有机氯农药的分布及其组成[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(1):209-214.
[15]周婷婷,李学德,张明,等.巢湖东半湖沉积物中有机氯农药的残留特征及风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(11):2374-2378.
[16]李如忠,洪天求.巢湖流域农业非点源污染控制对策研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,20(1):105-110.
[17]周慧平,高超,孙波,等.巢湖流域土壤全磷含量的空间变异特征和影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(6):2112-2117.
[18]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.166-179.
[19]Ruban V,Brigault S,Demare D,et al.An investigation of theorigin and mobility of phosphorus in freshwater sediments fromBort-Les-Orgues Reservoir,france[J].Journal of EnvironmentalMonitoring,1999,1(4):403-407.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(Ⅲ)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.30-34.
[21]王晓辉,张之源,贾良清,等.巢湖流域非点源N、P污染控制措施研究[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(32):10452-10453,10456.
[22]周慧平,高超.巢湖流域非点源磷流失关键源区识别[J].环境科学,2008,29(10):2696-2702.
[23]程红,汪家权,肖莆,等.巢湖流域农业非点源污染现状及控制策略[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(29):14341-14342,14345.
[24]李雷,戴万宏.巢湖水体富营养化污染现状及防治对策[J].中国水土保持,2009,(7):55-57.
[25]胡宏祥,洪天求,樊丽莉.巢湖马鞍山土壤有机质和N、P变化研究[J].中国水土保持,2006,(11):26-28.
[26]王睿.巢湖流域水环境质量评价与水质预测模型研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2009.15-34.
[27]殷福才,张之源.巢湖富营养化研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(4):377-384.
[28]屠清瑛,顾丁锡,尹澄清,等.巢湖——富营养化的研究[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1990.1-100.
[29]胡宏祥.巢湖北岸中东部水土迁移过程及规律研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2008.1-118.
[30]王振祥,朱晓东,孟平.巢湖富营养化年度尺度变化分析及对策[J].环境保护,2009,(6):33-36.
[31]王绪伟,王心源,封毅,等.巢湖沉积物总磷分布及其地质成因[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(4):496-499.
[32]王晓燕.非点源污染及其管理[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.3-4.
[33]吴卿,杨春霞,甄斌,等.草被覆盖度对黄土坡面径流产沙影响的试验研究[J].中国水土保持,2010,(9):56-58.
[34]夏林益.杭埠河流域水土流失及其治理对策研究[D].芜湖:安徽师范大学,2007.1-45.
[35]高义民,同延安,胡正义,等.黄土区村级农田土壤养分空间变异特征研究[J].土壤通报,2006,37(1):1-6.
[36]安徽省土壤普查办公室.安徽土壤[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.532-545.
[37]刘杏梅,徐建民,章明奎,等.太湖流域土壤养分空间变异特征分析——以浙江省平湖市为例[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2003,29(1):
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