安徽省泗县农村坑塘底泥重金属地球化学特征及污染评价研究
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摘要
利用X-Ray荧光光谱仪测定泗县农村坑塘底泥中Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb 6种重金属的含量,运用相对累积频率和生态风险指数法计算地球化学基线及潜在风险评价,结果表明:(1)Cu、Zn和As变异系数分别达到23.90%、28.17%和37.27%,表明空间上差异较大;Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb四种重金属含量超标,超标率分别达到2.23、1.16、2.21和2.77;(2)6种重金属元素的基线值分别为45、33、58、8、0.35、21;(3)As和Cr相关系数达到0.711,表现出较强的相关性,Pb和Zn二者相关系数达到0.858,表现出极显著的相关性,Cu与其他个元素的相关性都不明显;(4)生态危害系数除Cd外,Ei均在40以下,说明坑塘底泥重金属危害轻微甚至不存在危害,Cd在7号采样点为生态危害轻微,5号、15号和26号采样点为危害为强度,其余属于中等危害.综合风险评价指数都在150以下,说明泗县坑塘底泥重金属潜在风险程度为轻度.
In order to know the heavy metals geo chemical characteristics and degree of the potential ecological risk of rural pond sediment in Sixian,the contents of 6 kinds of heavy metals( Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Pb) were determined by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer. Geo chemical baseline were calculated and pollution degree of the potential risks were evaluated using relative cumulative frequency and ecological risk index. The results indicate that:( 1) Cu,Zn and As showed great spatial differences for which they hade a large coefficient of variation as follows: 23. 90%,28. 17% and 37. 27%. While the other three elements spatial variation were smaller. Compared with the soil background value in Sixian,the contents of Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb exceed the standard,which reached 2. 23,2. 23,1. 16 and 2. 77,respectively.( 2) Baseline values of six kinds of heavy metals were 45,33,58,8,0. 35 and 21.( 3) As and Cr,Pb and Zn showed the strong correlation that their correlation coefficient reached 0. 711 and 0. 858,respectively; the correlation between Cu and other elements were not obvious.( 4) Except for Cd,the Ei values of other elements were below 40,which potential ecological harm of the pond sediment heavy metal belong to slight or no harm. Potential ecological harm of Cd in the 7 sampling point was slight; 5,15 and 26 sampling points belong to strength; other sampling points belong to medium harm.Potential ecological risk degree were slight in 26 pond sediment because all RI( comprehensive ecological risk index) were below 150.
In order to know the heavy metals geo chemical characteristics and degree of the potential ecological risk of rural pond sediment in Sixian,the contents of 6 kinds of heavy metals( Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Pb) were determined by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer. Geo chemical baseline were calculated and pollution degree of the potential risks were evaluated using relative cumulative frequency and ecological risk index. The results indicate that:( 1) Cu,Zn and As showed great spatial differences for which they hade a large coefficient of variation as follows: 23. 90%,28. 17% and 37. 27%. While the other three elements spatial variation were smaller. Compared with the soil background value in Sixian,the contents of Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb exceed the standard,which reached 2. 23,2. 23,1. 16 and 2. 77,respectively.( 2) Baseline values of six kinds of heavy metals were 45,33,58,8,0. 35 and 21.( 3) As and Cr,Pb and Zn showed the strong correlation that their correlation coefficient reached 0. 711 and 0. 858,respectively; the correlation between Cu and other elements were not obvious.( 4) Except for Cd,the Ei values of other elements were below 40,which potential ecological harm of the pond sediment heavy metal belong to slight or no harm. Potential ecological harm of Cd in the 7 sampling point was slight; 5,15 and 26 sampling points belong to strength; other sampling points belong to medium harm.Potential ecological risk degree were slight in 26 pond sediment because all RI( comprehensive ecological risk index) were below 150.
引文
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[3]汤莉莉,牛生杰,许建强,等.外秦淮河疏浚后底泥重金属污染与潜在生态风险评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(3):424~430.
[4]余世清,许文锋,王泉源.杭州城区河道底泥重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].四川环境,2011,30(4):36~43.
[5]Pacifico R.,Adamo P.,Cremisini C.et al.A Geochemical Analytical Approach for the Evaluation of Heavy Metal Distribution in Lagoon Sediments[J].J Soils Sediments,2007,7(5):313~325.
[6]闭向阳,马振东,任利民,等.长江(湖北段)沉积物中微量元素的分布特征及镉的形态[J].环境化学,2005,24(3):260~264.
[7]滑丽萍,华珞,高娟,等.中国湖泊底泥的重金属污染评价研究[J].土壤,2006,38(4):366~373.
[8]Salminen R,Gregorauskiene V.Consideration Regarding the Definition of a Geochemical Baseline of Elements in the Surfical Materials in Areas Differing in Basic Geology[J].Applied Geochemistry,2000,15(5):647~653.
[9]范文宏,陈静生,洪松,等.沉积物中重金属生物毒性评价的研究进展.环境科学与技术,2002,25(1):36~39.
[10]贾振邦,邓宝山,王清平,等.应用沉积学原理评价太子河支流主要重金属污染及潜在生态危害[J].环境科学,1999,12(3):79~84.
[11]王济,王世杰,欧阳自远.贵阳市表层土壤中镉的环境地球化学基线研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(6):1344~1348.
[12]章海波,骆永明.区域尺度土壤环境地球化学基线估算方法及其应用研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(7):1607~1613.
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