大气环境质量评价API方法实例教学——以安徽省安庆市为例
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摘要
传统API指标体系所得城市大气质量往往偏离群众真实感受,特别是像安庆这样的化工城市,这给环境影响评价教学带来了困难,论文选取了该市2010年四季中空气中有明显异味的10天,监测了其CO、氨和苯含量,并参照GB3095-1996标准,通过逐步添加特征指标的方法,在课堂上展示了增加指标前后安庆市大气环境质量API指数,结果表明:①增添指标前,安庆市大气API指数皆小于100,质量等级为良,主要污染物为SO2或PM10;②增添指标后,安庆市环境空气质量普遍下降1到2个档次,由原来的优良变为轻中度污染甚至是重度污染,主要污染物为苯;③CO指标增加后,其单因子指数皆小于50,安庆市大气污染并不以煤烟型污染为主;④实例教学能解决理论与实际的偏差,激发学生兴趣,极大地改善课堂教学效果。
The traditional air pollution index(API) model with indicators such as sulphur dioxide(SO2),nitrogen dioxide(NO2) and particulate matters(PM10) have been used in the assessment of air quality in China.But the estimate result usually can't reflect the real air quality of Anqing city,the one of the most important petroleum and chemical industry cities in China.This complication created difficulties on teaching of environment impact assessment.The author monitored carbon monoxide(CO),ammonia(NH3) and benzene(C6H6) of air in 10 typical stench days of four seasons in 2010,and illustrated the difference of the API before and after the addition of these 3 indicators by the national air quality standards(GB3095-1996) recommended method.The results showed as follows ① Before the addition of these 3 indicators,the API of Anqing City were all less than 100,and the air quality reached fine level.The main contamination was SO2 or PM10.② The quality of air of Anqing city were reduced to a "medium-heavy pollution" level after the addition of the indicators,and the main contamination was benzene.③When CO was added to the calculation system,the API made no change.So the style of Anqing city air pollution is not the soot ones.④Through case teaching,students' interests can be stimulated,and they can remediate the aberration between theory and practice.
The traditional air pollution index(API) model with indicators such as sulphur dioxide(SO2),nitrogen dioxide(NO2) and particulate matters(PM10) have been used in the assessment of air quality in China.But the estimate result usually can't reflect the real air quality of Anqing city,the one of the most important petroleum and chemical industry cities in China.This complication created difficulties on teaching of environment impact assessment.The author monitored carbon monoxide(CO),ammonia(NH3) and benzene(C6H6) of air in 10 typical stench days of four seasons in 2010,and illustrated the difference of the API before and after the addition of these 3 indicators by the national air quality standards(GB3095-1996) recommended method.The results showed as follows ① Before the addition of these 3 indicators,the API of Anqing City were all less than 100,and the air quality reached fine level.The main contamination was SO2 or PM10.② The quality of air of Anqing city were reduced to a "medium-heavy pollution" level after the addition of the indicators,and the main contamination was benzene.③When CO was added to the calculation system,the API made no change.So the style of Anqing city air pollution is not the soot ones.④Through case teaching,students' interests can be stimulated,and they can remediate the aberration between theory and practice.
引文
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[17]刘素香.不同浓度苯及其同系物对人员健康影响的调查[J].工业卫生与职业病,2004,30(1):39-40.
[18]任阵海,万本太,苏福庆,等.当前我国大气环境质量的几个特征[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(1):1-6.
[19]洪盛茂.杭州主城区大气臭氧对空气污染指数API的影响[J].中国环境监测,2010,26(1):46-52.
[20]李旭芳,初钧晗,于令达,等.北京市城区单监测点PM2.5质量浓度变化特征[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,47(3):258-261.
[21]Ye Boming,Ji Xueli,Yang Haizhan,et al.Concentration and chemical composition of PM2.5 in Shanghai for 1-year period[J].Atmos-pheric Environment,2003,37:499-510.
[22]Deniz Genc,Canan Yesilyurt,Gurdal Tuncel.Air pollution forecasting in Ankara,Turkey using air pollution index and its relation to assimi-lative capacity of the atmosphere[J].Environment Monitor Assess,2010,166:11-27.
[23]Euro Cogliani.Air pollution forecast in cities by an air pollution index highly correlated with meteorological variables[J].Atmospheric Envi-ronment,2001,35:2 871-2 877.
[2]王斌.利用空气污染指数(API)分析我国空气污染的区域时空变化特征[D].中国海洋大学,2008:6-10.
[3]胡琳,林扬,何晓媛.基于API方法的大气环境质量评价[J].山西气象,2007,(1):18-20.
[4]佟彦.中国重点城市空气污染预报及其进展[J].中国环境监测,2006,22(2):69-71.
[5]陆书玉.环境影响评价[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:1-336.
[6]Joseph S.Review of the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:Relationship to carcinogenicity[J].Chemosphere,1997,34(4):835-848.
[7]闫鸿远,陈俊.安庆市城区主要大气污染物时空特征分析[J].资源开发与市场,2008,24(4):321-323.
[8]潮智,徐开宇.安庆市大气环境质量对比分析[J].安庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005,11(3):47-51.
[9]成盛玉.广州市石油化工污染[J].环境科学,1998,19(6):10-13.
[10]牛冠明,董胜璋,蔡承铿,等.石油化工大气污染对儿童呼吸功能影响研究[J].预防医学情报杂志,1997,13(2):65-68
[11]李连山,焦贵枝,陈寒玉.城市机动车尾气污染特征与防治对策[J].四川环境,2002,21(3):902-921.
[12]崔九思,王钦源.大气污染监测方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000:1-1284.
[13]王耀祖,倪蕴娥,卢伟,等.高浓度苯接触工人血液毒性研究[J].上海预防医学杂志,1994,6(9):23-26.
[14]景作亮,张培,樊志,等.空气中氨污染的测定及预防[J].职业与健康,2004,4:13-15.
[15]李凤苏.苯及苯系物对人员健康状况的影响[J].职业与健康,2008,17:1760-1762.
[16]崔力争,肖振彬,赵德禄.237例氨气刺激反应及轻度中毒报告[J].化工劳动保护,2000,6:215-216.
[17]刘素香.不同浓度苯及其同系物对人员健康影响的调查[J].工业卫生与职业病,2004,30(1):39-40.
[18]任阵海,万本太,苏福庆,等.当前我国大气环境质量的几个特征[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(1):1-6.
[19]洪盛茂.杭州主城区大气臭氧对空气污染指数API的影响[J].中国环境监测,2010,26(1):46-52.
[20]李旭芳,初钧晗,于令达,等.北京市城区单监测点PM2.5质量浓度变化特征[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,47(3):258-261.
[21]Ye Boming,Ji Xueli,Yang Haizhan,et al.Concentration and chemical composition of PM2.5 in Shanghai for 1-year period[J].Atmos-pheric Environment,2003,37:499-510.
[22]Deniz Genc,Canan Yesilyurt,Gurdal Tuncel.Air pollution forecasting in Ankara,Turkey using air pollution index and its relation to assimi-lative capacity of the atmosphere[J].Environment Monitor Assess,2010,166:11-27.
[23]Euro Cogliani.Air pollution forecast in cities by an air pollution index highly correlated with meteorological variables[J].Atmospheric Envi-ronment,2001,35:2 871-2 877.
目录