基于GIS的合肥市热环境动态变化研究
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摘要
伴随城市化进程的不断加快,环境问题日益凸显,其中城市热岛效应尤为明显。利用遥感影像和G IS技术定量反演了2003年和2007年地面亮温以及植被指数NDVI,研究城市热场分布的空间格局以及时空变化规律。研究表明,2003年与2007年合肥市建成区均存在着显著的热岛效应,2个时相的热岛分布特征相似,2007年建成区热岛现象有减缓趋势,其中高温区与次高温区的面积都分别减少1.8和52.1 km2,较低温区面积增加了142.61 km2;2007年植被覆盖显著增加,高植被区面积(NDVI>0.4)比2003年增加了35.56 km2,无植被覆盖的面积较2003年减少了116.57 km2,地面亮温与植被覆盖存在着负相关。城市扩张,工业区建设是热岛效应的主要驱动力,加大绿化力度,增加植被覆盖是缓解热岛效应的最有效措施。
More and more environmental problems have appeared with urbanization.Among these problems,urban heat island phenomenon was specially obvious.The paper simulated the ground brightness and the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) of Hefei city in the year of 2003 and 2007 based on remote sensing(RS) and geographical information system(GIS) technologies,so as to study the spatial pattern and the regularity of spatial-temporal changes of urban heat field distribution.The result shows as follows:heat-island effects were prominent in the built-up area of Hefei in both of 2003 and 2007.The character of urban thermal distribution in 2003 is similar as that in 2007,but the tendency of heat-island effect was alleviated in 2007.The areas were decreased 1.8 km2 and 52.1 km2 with high temperature and inferior high temperature,while the area with inferior increased 142.61 km2 low temperature.Vegetation coverage was obviously increased in 2007 compared with that in 2003,and the area of high vegetation coverage was increased by 35.56 km2.In 2007,the area which value is under zero of NDVI decreased by 116.57 km2.There is a significant negative correlation between temperature and vegetation level.Urban expansion and industrial district construction were main driving forces of urban heat island effects.Improving afforestation and increase vegetation coverage is a effective measure to alleviate heat-island effect.
More and more environmental problems have appeared with urbanization.Among these problems,urban heat island phenomenon was specially obvious.The paper simulated the ground brightness and the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) of Hefei city in the year of 2003 and 2007 based on remote sensing(RS) and geographical information system(GIS) technologies,so as to study the spatial pattern and the regularity of spatial-temporal changes of urban heat field distribution.The result shows as follows:heat-island effects were prominent in the built-up area of Hefei in both of 2003 and 2007.The character of urban thermal distribution in 2003 is similar as that in 2007,but the tendency of heat-island effect was alleviated in 2007.The areas were decreased 1.8 km2 and 52.1 km2 with high temperature and inferior high temperature,while the area with inferior increased 142.61 km2 low temperature.Vegetation coverage was obviously increased in 2007 compared with that in 2003,and the area of high vegetation coverage was increased by 35.56 km2.In 2007,the area which value is under zero of NDVI decreased by 116.57 km2.There is a significant negative correlation between temperature and vegetation level.Urban expansion and industrial district construction were main driving forces of urban heat island effects.Improving afforestation and increase vegetation coverage is a effective measure to alleviate heat-island effect.
引文
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[15]Chen X L,Zhao H G,Li P X,et al.Remote sensing im-age-based analyisis of the relationship between urban heatisland and land use/cover changes[J].Remote Sensing ofEnvironment,2006,104:133-146.
[16]Xiao H L,Weng Q H.The impact of land use and coverchanges on land surface temperature in a karst area ofChina[J].Journal of Envionmental Menagement,2007,85(1):245-257.
[17]王霓虹,周洪泽,范艳芳.城市热岛效应的遥感和地理信息系统方法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004,36(10):1 420-1 423.
[18]黄逸生,王霞斐,陈明森,等.昆明城市热岛及大气质量探测报告[M]//滇池地区生态环境与经济综合报告.昆明:云南科技出版社,1988:131-149.
[19]张新乐,张树文,李颖.基于遥感影像的哈尔滨市城市热环境变化[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(2):310-316.
[20]陈云浩,李京,李晓兵.城市空间热环境遥感分析-格局、过程、模拟与影响[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:95-115.
[21]Pearce M C.Pattern analysis of forest cover in Southwest-ern Omtario[J].The Lake Geographer,1992,27:65-67.
[2]Oak T R.The heat island of the urban boundary layer:character istics,cause and effects,in wind climate in cit-ies[C]//Cermark J E.NATO ASI Series.Dordrechi:Klu-wer Academic Publishers,1995:81-107.
[3]彭少鳞,周凯.城市热岛效应研究进展[J].生态环境,2005,14(4):574-579.
[4]李珍,姜逢清,胡汝,等.1961-2004年乌鲁木齐城市化过程中的冷化效应[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(2):231-139.
[5]李晓兵.国际土地利用-土地覆盖变化的环境影响研究[J].地球科展,1999,14(8):395-400.
[6]Stathopoulou M,Cartalis C.Daytime urban heatislandsfrom Landsat TM+and Corine land cover data:An appli-cation to major cities in Greece[J].Solar Energy,2007,81(3):358-368.
[7]Small C.Comparative analysis of urban reflectance andsurface temperature[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2006,104:168-189.
[8]赵红旭.昆明市热岛效应卫星监测研究[J].国土资源遥感,1999(4):29-32.
[9]周红妹,周成虎,葛伟强,等.基于遥感和GIS的城市热场分布规律研究[J].地理学报,2001,56(2):189-197.
[10]杨霖.利用NOAA14卫星反演兰州城市热岛效应特征的研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2001.
[11]陈云浩,王洁,李晓兵.夏季城市热场的卫星遥感分析[J].国土资源遥感,2002,4:55-59.
[12]胡远满,徐崇刚,布仁仓,等.RS与GIS在城市热岛效应研究中的应用[J].环境保护科学,2002,28:1-31.
[13]长江自然资源丛书编撰委员会.中国自然资源丛书.安徽卷[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995:228-239.
[14]吴泽民,黄成林,白林波,等.合肥城市森林结构分析研究[J].林业科学,2002,38(4):7-13.
[15]Chen X L,Zhao H G,Li P X,et al.Remote sensing im-age-based analyisis of the relationship between urban heatisland and land use/cover changes[J].Remote Sensing ofEnvironment,2006,104:133-146.
[16]Xiao H L,Weng Q H.The impact of land use and coverchanges on land surface temperature in a karst area ofChina[J].Journal of Envionmental Menagement,2007,85(1):245-257.
[17]王霓虹,周洪泽,范艳芳.城市热岛效应的遥感和地理信息系统方法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2004,36(10):1 420-1 423.
[18]黄逸生,王霞斐,陈明森,等.昆明城市热岛及大气质量探测报告[M]//滇池地区生态环境与经济综合报告.昆明:云南科技出版社,1988:131-149.
[19]张新乐,张树文,李颖.基于遥感影像的哈尔滨市城市热环境变化[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(2):310-316.
[20]陈云浩,李京,李晓兵.城市空间热环境遥感分析-格局、过程、模拟与影响[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:95-115.
[21]Pearce M C.Pattern analysis of forest cover in Southwest-ern Omtario[J].The Lake Geographer,1992,27:65-67.
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