基于总量及有效态的铜陵矿区农田土壤重金属生态风险评价
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摘要
于铜陵矿区采集147个农田土壤样品,分析土壤样品中Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn 4种重金属总量和有效态含量,探讨该地区农田土壤重金属的污染现状、潜在生态风险和来源,并基于不同类型农田土壤有效态重金属的风险评价提出农作物种植建议。结果表明:铜陵矿区农田土壤重金属平均值普遍高于铜陵市土壤背景值,局部地区潜在生态风险极大;4种重金属元素的单项潜在生态危害指数依次为Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn,铜陵矿区农田土壤重金属的潜在生态风险程度为中等,Cd为最主要的潜在生态危害因子;基于有效态重金属对不同类型农田土壤进行潜在生态风险评价,春季农田土壤的综合潜在生态危害指数排序为油菜地>蔬菜地>麦地,秋季农田土壤的综合潜在生态危害指数排序为稻田>蔬菜地。基于上述结果,建议在重金属污染程度较高的区域实施小麦-蔬菜轮作,而在蔬菜种植中选择对重金属吸收能力较低的种类或品种。
147 farmland soil samples were collected in Tongling mining area.The total and available content of four heavy metals(Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn)in these soil samples were analyzed to assess the pollution characteristics,potential ecological risk and source of heavy metals and to provide suggestions of crop planting in this area.Results showed that the content of heavy metals in the farmland soils was higher than the soil background values in Tongling City and the pollution risk in local area was very high.Single potential ecological risk index among different heavy metals displayed a following order of Cd> Cu> Pb> Zn.And the overall level of potential ecological risk was medium.Among four heavy metals investigated,Cd was the main factor contributing to potential ecological risk.The potential ecological risk index of the available heavy metal displayed a following order:rapeseed land > vegetable land>wheat land in spring and paddy land> vegetable land in autumn.Based on the above results,it was suggested that in wheat and vegetable crop rotation should be implemented in heavy polluted area,and vegetables with low absorption rate of heavy metals should be chosen.
147 farmland soil samples were collected in Tongling mining area.The total and available content of four heavy metals(Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn)in these soil samples were analyzed to assess the pollution characteristics,potential ecological risk and source of heavy metals and to provide suggestions of crop planting in this area.Results showed that the content of heavy metals in the farmland soils was higher than the soil background values in Tongling City and the pollution risk in local area was very high.Single potential ecological risk index among different heavy metals displayed a following order of Cd> Cu> Pb> Zn.And the overall level of potential ecological risk was medium.Among four heavy metals investigated,Cd was the main factor contributing to potential ecological risk.The potential ecological risk index of the available heavy metal displayed a following order:rapeseed land > vegetable land>wheat land in spring and paddy land> vegetable land in autumn.Based on the above results,it was suggested that in wheat and vegetable crop rotation should be implemented in heavy polluted area,and vegetables with low absorption rate of heavy metals should be chosen.
引文
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[19]顾翠花,王懿祥,白尚斌,等.四种园林植物对土壤镉污染耐受性研究[J].生态学报,2015,35(8):1-11.
[20]王美青,章明奎.杭州市城郊土壤重金属含量和形态的研究[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(5):603-608.
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[22]郑袁明,陈同斌,郑国砥,等.不同土地利用方式对土壤铜积累的影响——以北京市为例[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(5):690-696.
[23]郑袁明,宋波,陈同斌,等.北京市不同土地利用方式下土壤锌的积累及其污染风险[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(1):64-72.
[24]郑袁明,陈同斌,陈煌,等.北京市不同土地利用方式下土壤铅的积累[J].地理学报,2005,60(5):791-797.
[25]郑袁明,罗金发,陈同斌,等.北京市不同土地利用类型的土壤镉含量特征[J].地理研究,2005,24(4):542-548.
[26]赵宽,吴沿友.4种植物幼苗根茎叶及根系分泌物中低分子量有机酸的特征[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(5):1002-1007.
[27]卢豪良,严重玲.秋茄(Kandelia candel(L))根系分泌低分子量有机酸及其对重金属生物有效性的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(10):4173-4181.
[28]CHOJNACKA K,CHOJNACKI A,GRECKA H,et al.Bioavailability of heavy metals from polluted soils to plants[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2005,337(1/2/3):175-182.
[29]师荣光,刘凤枝,郑向群,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤-作物铅的积累特征及其健康风险分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(3):481-486.
[30]师荣光,赵玉杰,彭胜巍,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤-作物镉含量积累及其健康风险分析[J].资源科学,2008,30(12):1904-1909.
[31]魏伟,王丽,周平,等.安徽铜陵地区河流生态系统健康的多指标评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(4):691-699.
[2]张小敏,张秀英,钟太洋,等.中国农田土壤重金属富集状况及其空间分布研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):692-703.
[3]王玉军,刘存,周东美,等.客观地看待我国耕地土壤环境质量的现状——关于《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》中有关问题的讨论和建议[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(8):1465-1473.
[4]XU Decong,ZHOU Ping,ZHAN Jing,et al.Assessment of trace metal bioavailability in garden soils and health risks via consumption of vegetables in the vicinity of Tongling mining area,China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2013,90:103-111.
[5]豆长明,徐德聪,周晓铁,等.铜陵矿区周边土壤-蔬菜系统中重金属的转移特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):920-927.
[6]郭伟,孙文惠,赵仁鑫,等.呼和浩特市不同功能区土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1561-1567.
[7]秦飞,李倩,季宏兵,等.密云水库上游铁矿区土壤中重金属污染评价[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(增刊2):353-361,367.
[8]张成,陈宏,王定勇,等.三峡库区消落带土壤汞形态分布与风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(3):1060-1067.
[9]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[10]SUN Qingye,AN Shuqing,YANG Linzhang,et al.Chemical properties of the upper tailings beneath biotic crusts[J].Ecological Engineering,2004,23(1):47-53.
[11]殷汉琴,陈富荣,陈兴仁,等.铜陵市及其周边地区土壤重金属元素污染评价[J].安全与环境学报,2010,10(3):98-102.
[12]李如忠,潘成荣,陈婧,等.铜陵市区表土与灰尘重金属污染健康风险评估[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(12):2261-2270.
[13]韩平,王纪华,冯晓元,等.北京顺义区土壤重金属污染生态风险评估研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(1):103-109.
[14]任丽敏,何江,吕昌伟,等.达里诺尔湖生物有效态重金属的形态分布及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(2):338-346.
[15]杨西飞,周涛发,张鑫,等.基于Matlab-FIS的土壤中重金属污染模糊综合评价[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,30(10):1245-1249.
[16]邹建美,孙江,戴伟,等.北京近郊耕作土壤重金属状况评价分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2013,35(1):132-138.
[17]曹会聪,王金达,张学林.吉林黑土中Cd、Pb、As的空间分布及潜在生态风险[J].中国环境科学,2007,27(1):89-92.
[18]丁海霞,南忠仁,刘晓文,等.金昌市郊农田土壤重金属的污染特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(6):2183-2188.
[19]顾翠花,王懿祥,白尚斌,等.四种园林植物对土壤镉污染耐受性研究[J].生态学报,2015,35(8):1-11.
[20]王美青,章明奎.杭州市城郊土壤重金属含量和形态的研究[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(5):603-608.
[21]沈昌高,高超,王登峰,等.铜陵矿区土壤和油菜中铜的分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(10):2374-2378.
[22]郑袁明,陈同斌,郑国砥,等.不同土地利用方式对土壤铜积累的影响——以北京市为例[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(5):690-696.
[23]郑袁明,宋波,陈同斌,等.北京市不同土地利用方式下土壤锌的积累及其污染风险[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(1):64-72.
[24]郑袁明,陈同斌,陈煌,等.北京市不同土地利用方式下土壤铅的积累[J].地理学报,2005,60(5):791-797.
[25]郑袁明,罗金发,陈同斌,等.北京市不同土地利用类型的土壤镉含量特征[J].地理研究,2005,24(4):542-548.
[26]赵宽,吴沿友.4种植物幼苗根茎叶及根系分泌物中低分子量有机酸的特征[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(5):1002-1007.
[27]卢豪良,严重玲.秋茄(Kandelia candel(L))根系分泌低分子量有机酸及其对重金属生物有效性的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(10):4173-4181.
[28]CHOJNACKA K,CHOJNACKI A,GRECKA H,et al.Bioavailability of heavy metals from polluted soils to plants[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2005,337(1/2/3):175-182.
[29]师荣光,刘凤枝,郑向群,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤-作物铅的积累特征及其健康风险分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(3):481-486.
[30]师荣光,赵玉杰,彭胜巍,等.不同土地利用类型下土壤-作物镉含量积累及其健康风险分析[J].资源科学,2008,30(12):1904-1909.
[31]魏伟,王丽,周平,等.安徽铜陵地区河流生态系统健康的多指标评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(4):691-699.
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