准噶尔盆地沙窝地高精度三维地震采集参数设计与论证
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摘要
高精度地震勘探对地震采集参数和观测系统的要求较高,通过地震勘探设计与评价技术(SED)可以给出适合研究区地震地质条件的采集参数,以提高野外采集资料的品质。给出了SED技术的基本原理。在准噶尔盆地沙窝地探区利用SED技术进行了高精度三维地震采集参数的设计和论证。首先建立地震地质模型,模拟野外单炮记录;然后对覆盖次数、纵/横向分辨率、面元大小、最大/最小偏移距、最大非纵距、记录长度及采样间隔等进行了设计与论证;最后结合仪器因素优选了8线14炮细分面元观测系统。对观测系统的属性分析表明,该观测系统在保持主测线方向覆盖优势的同时,实现了较宽方位角的激发和接收,这对压制侧面和散射干扰十分有利;均匀分布的近、中、远炮检距对速度分析十分有利;而合理的覆盖次数和相对较少的炮数,降低了勘探成本。
Seismic Evaluation and Design (SED)is a new technology being used in field data acquisition in recent years. This technique bases itself on seismic survey modeling software, using geological information and geophysical parameters in surveying area to build seismic-geology model, simulate the field surveying, offers aid in making field plan according to correlative theory and technology. SED technique is fully used in Shawodi area to design and demonstrate the basic parameters, include fold times, vertical/horizontal resolution, CRS scale, max/min offset, max cross line distance, record length and sample interval et al. A bin-divisible lay out with 8 lines and 14 shots is selected through attribute analysis combined with instrument. This kind of lay out a-chieves the relatively wide azimuth relationship between shots and receivers while keeps predominance along the inline direction, that is helpful to decrease the lateral and dispersion waves, improve the coupling of static time correc-tioa As the result, the designed lay out saved cost with reasonable fold and shot number.
Seismic Evaluation and Design (SED)is a new technology being used in field data acquisition in recent years. This technique bases itself on seismic survey modeling software, using geological information and geophysical parameters in surveying area to build seismic-geology model, simulate the field surveying, offers aid in making field plan according to correlative theory and technology. SED technique is fully used in Shawodi area to design and demonstrate the basic parameters, include fold times, vertical/horizontal resolution, CRS scale, max/min offset, max cross line distance, record length and sample interval et al. A bin-divisible lay out with 8 lines and 14 shots is selected through attribute analysis combined with instrument. This kind of lay out a-chieves the relatively wide azimuth relationship between shots and receivers while keeps predominance along the inline direction, that is helpful to decrease the lateral and dispersion waves, improve the coupling of static time correc-tioa As the result, the designed lay out saved cost with reasonable fold and shot number.
引文
1 俞寿朋．高分辨率地震勘探[M]．北京:石油工业出版 社,1993．48-64
2 李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路:高分辨率地震勘探系统 工程剖析[M]．北京:石油工业出版社,1994．83-95
3 Curtis A, Snieder R Reconditioning inverse problems using the genetic algorithm and revised parameterization [J]. Geophysics, 1997, 62(4) :1 524-1 532
4 Cain G, Cambois G, Gehin M,et al. Reducing risk in seismic acquisition and interpretation of complex targets using a Gocad-based 3-D modeling tool[J]. Expanded Abstract of 68th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 1998, 2 072-2 075
5 Bear G, Lu R, Lu C P, et al. The construction of subsurface illumination and amplitude maps via ray tracing [J]. Expanded Abstract of 69th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 1999, 1 532-1 535
6 Liner C L, Underwood W D, Gobeli R. 3-D seismic survey design as an optimization problem [ J ]. The Leading Edge, 1999, 18(9):1 054-1 060
7 Gibson R L, Tzimeas C. Quantitative measures of image resolution for seismic survey design[J]. Geophys-ics,2002, 67(6) ,1 844-1 852
8 Curtis A. Theory of model-based geophysical survey and experimental design[J]. The Leading Edge, 2004, 23(10):997-1004
9 Cooper N. A world of reality-Designing land 3-D program for signal, noise and pre-slack migration[J]. The Leading Edge,2004, 23(10):1 007-1 014
10 Nyland D. Seismic Survey design in environmentally sensitive region of the national petroleum reserve-Alaska[J]. The Leading Edge,2004, 23(10):1 055-1 060
11 Suarez G. Designing 3-D seismic surveys in the Macal area using seismic modeling[J]. The Leading Edge, 2004, 23(10):1071-1 076
12 新疆油气区石油地质志(上册)编写组．中国石油地质 志(十五卷):新疆油气区(上册)准嘎尔盆地[M]．北 京:石油工业出版社,1993．57-120
13 崔兴宝．复杂地质条件下的地震采集质量监控[J]．石 油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):11-16
14 赵殿栋,吕公河,张庆淮,等．高精度三维地震采集技术 及应用效果[J]．石油物探,2001,40(1):1-8
15 孙大明,邵维．高分辨率三维地震采集技术研究[J]．吉 林大学学报,2002,32(4):394-398
16 魏会君,王同垂,曾红．野外三维地震采集管理系统软 件的开发及实现[J]．勘探地球物理进展,2004,27 (4):297-299,307
17 尹军杰,刘学伟,黄雪继,等．基于散射成像数值模拟的 地震采集参数论证[J]．石油物探,2005,44(1):58- 64
18 钱光萍,康家光,王紫娟．基于模型的地震采集参数分 析及应用研究[J]．物探化探计算技术,2001,23(2): 109-114
19谢文胜,田海芹,陈世悦．西湖凹陷黄岩构造三维地震 采集参数设计与论证[J]．石油大学学报,2002,26 (1):18-22
20 杨学武,孙得福,张剑军．细分线元地震采集方法在沙 漠地区的应用[J]．石油物探,2003,42(2):215-218
21 罗斌,刘学伟,尹军杰．炮检距对地震分辨率影响的研 究[J]．石油物探,2005,44(1):16-20
22 凌云研究小组．宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J]．石油 地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):350-357
23 王小六,李振春,曹文俊．广角地震采集综述[J]．勘探 地球物理进展,2004,27(5):321-326
2 李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路:高分辨率地震勘探系统 工程剖析[M]．北京:石油工业出版社,1994．83-95
3 Curtis A, Snieder R Reconditioning inverse problems using the genetic algorithm and revised parameterization [J]. Geophysics, 1997, 62(4) :1 524-1 532
4 Cain G, Cambois G, Gehin M,et al. Reducing risk in seismic acquisition and interpretation of complex targets using a Gocad-based 3-D modeling tool[J]. Expanded Abstract of 68th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 1998, 2 072-2 075
5 Bear G, Lu R, Lu C P, et al. The construction of subsurface illumination and amplitude maps via ray tracing [J]. Expanded Abstract of 69th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 1999, 1 532-1 535
6 Liner C L, Underwood W D, Gobeli R. 3-D seismic survey design as an optimization problem [ J ]. The Leading Edge, 1999, 18(9):1 054-1 060
7 Gibson R L, Tzimeas C. Quantitative measures of image resolution for seismic survey design[J]. Geophys-ics,2002, 67(6) ,1 844-1 852
8 Curtis A. Theory of model-based geophysical survey and experimental design[J]. The Leading Edge, 2004, 23(10):997-1004
9 Cooper N. A world of reality-Designing land 3-D program for signal, noise and pre-slack migration[J]. The Leading Edge,2004, 23(10):1 007-1 014
10 Nyland D. Seismic Survey design in environmentally sensitive region of the national petroleum reserve-Alaska[J]. The Leading Edge,2004, 23(10):1 055-1 060
11 Suarez G. Designing 3-D seismic surveys in the Macal area using seismic modeling[J]. The Leading Edge, 2004, 23(10):1071-1 076
12 新疆油气区石油地质志(上册)编写组．中国石油地质 志(十五卷):新疆油气区(上册)准嘎尔盆地[M]．北 京:石油工业出版社,1993．57-120
13 崔兴宝．复杂地质条件下的地震采集质量监控[J]．石 油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):11-16
14 赵殿栋,吕公河,张庆淮,等．高精度三维地震采集技术 及应用效果[J]．石油物探,2001,40(1):1-8
15 孙大明,邵维．高分辨率三维地震采集技术研究[J]．吉 林大学学报,2002,32(4):394-398
16 魏会君,王同垂,曾红．野外三维地震采集管理系统软 件的开发及实现[J]．勘探地球物理进展,2004,27 (4):297-299,307
17 尹军杰,刘学伟,黄雪继,等．基于散射成像数值模拟的 地震采集参数论证[J]．石油物探,2005,44(1):58- 64
18 钱光萍,康家光,王紫娟．基于模型的地震采集参数分 析及应用研究[J]．物探化探计算技术,2001,23(2): 109-114
19谢文胜,田海芹,陈世悦．西湖凹陷黄岩构造三维地震 采集参数设计与论证[J]．石油大学学报,2002,26 (1):18-22
20 杨学武,孙得福,张剑军．细分线元地震采集方法在沙 漠地区的应用[J]．石油物探,2003,42(2):215-218
21 罗斌,刘学伟,尹军杰．炮检距对地震分辨率影响的研 究[J]．石油物探,2005,44(1):16-20
22 凌云研究小组．宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J]．石油 地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):350-357
23 王小六,李振春,曹文俊．广角地震采集综述[J]．勘探 地球物理进展,2004,27(5):321-326