强震条件下高速滑坡的空间分布特征研究
|
摘要
5.12汶川地震引发了大量的滑坡灾害,本文以汶川地震极重灾区涉及的四川12县市为研究区域。通过详细的现场调查研究,对强震条件下的典型高速滑坡的空间分布特征进行了综合分析。从区域上看,高速滑坡明显呈带状沿龙门山断裂带展布,并主要受北川—映秀断裂控制。此外,本文还对研究区域内典型高速滑坡的滑程、剪出口高程、滑坡前后缘高差等几何要素的空间分布规律做了分析研究。
The 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake induced a lot of landslides.Study areas of this paper are several severest disaster counties including Wenchuan,Beichuan,Qingchuan,Anxian,Pingwu,Maoxian,Jiangyou,Pengzhou,Shifang,Mianzhu etc.Under detailed field investigation,distribution and spatial characteristics of typical high speed landslides under the condition of strong earthquakes are analyzed comprehensively.High speed landslides were all located along the Longmen Shan fault zone,and especially controlled by the Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault which is one of the three sub-faults of Longmen Shan fault.There is also another distribution characteristic that high speed landslides were all along the water systems.Active structures have macroscopic control to landslides while water systems have local effect to them.Furthermore some spatial characteristics of high speed landslides such as slippage,the distances between the front and the back edge of landslides,height of the landslide shear crack are analyzed in this paper.
The 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake induced a lot of landslides.Study areas of this paper are several severest disaster counties including Wenchuan,Beichuan,Qingchuan,Anxian,Pingwu,Maoxian,Jiangyou,Pengzhou,Shifang,Mianzhu etc.Under detailed field investigation,distribution and spatial characteristics of typical high speed landslides under the condition of strong earthquakes are analyzed comprehensively.High speed landslides were all located along the Longmen Shan fault zone,and especially controlled by the Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault which is one of the three sub-faults of Longmen Shan fault.There is also another distribution characteristic that high speed landslides were all along the water systems.Active structures have macroscopic control to landslides while water systems have local effect to them.Furthermore some spatial characteristics of high speed landslides such as slippage,the distances between the front and the back edge of landslides,height of the landslide shear crack are analyzed in this paper.
引文
[1]黄润秋.“5·12”汶川大地震地质灾害的基本特征及其对灾后重建影响的建议[J].中国地质教育,2008,(2):21～24.Huang Runqiu.Characteristics of geological disasters of5·12Wenchuan Earthquake and recommendation on its Impact on re-construction.Chinese Geological Education,2008,(2):21～24.
[2]黄润秋,李为乐.“5·12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585～2592.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.A study on the development and distribu-tion rules of geohazards triggered by“5·12”Wenchuan Earth-quake,2008,27(12):2585～2592.
[3]何宏林,孙昭民,王世元,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):359～361.He Honglin,Sun Zhaomin,Wang Shiyuan,et al.Rupture of the Ms8.0Wenchuan Earthquake.Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2):359～361.
[4]李勇,黄润秋,周荣军,等.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):3～18.Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Zhou Rongjun,et al.Geological Back-ground of Longmen Shan Seismic Belt and Surface Ruptures inWenchuan Earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology.2009,17(1):3～18.
[5]黄润秋,许强,等.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.Huang Runqiu,Xu Qiang,et al.Catastrophic landslides in China.Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[6]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19～28.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Fault Effect Analysis of Geo-hazard Trig-gered by Wenchuan Earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology.2009,17(1):19～28.
[7]王效宁.大型高速滑坡机理和滑速滑程预测研究[D].中国科学院地质研究所.1989,8.Wang Xiaoning.Study on the Mechanism of Large-scale Highspeed Landslides and the Prediction of Sliding Velocity and Dis-tance.Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.1989,8.
[8]胡广韬,毛彦龙,等.地震时滑坡体波动振荡的启程加速动力学问题(中国科学院工程地质力学开放实验室),西安工程学院研究报告[R],1997,17～19.Hu Guangtao,Mao Yanlong,etc.Acceleration dynamics on fluctu-ations of landslides during an earthquake(Engineering geomechan-ics laboratory,Institute of geology,Chinese academy of Sciences).Report of Xi'an College of Engineering,1997,17～19.
[9]孙崇绍.特大地震的震害特征[J].西北地震学报,1993,23(2):2792～2797.Sun Chongshao.The Characteristics of Violent Earthquake Disas-ter.Northwestern Seismological Journal,1993,23(2):2792～2797.
[10]孙崇绍,蔡红卫.我国历史地震时滑坡崩塌的发育及分布特征[J].自然灾害学报,1997,6(1):25～31.Sun Chongshao,Cai Hongwei.Developing and Distributing Char-acteristics of Collapses and Landslides During Strong Historic Earthquake in China.Journal of Natural Disasters,1997,6(1):25～31.
[11]杨涛,邓荣贵,刘小丽.四川地区地震崩塌滑坡的基本特征及危险性分区[J].山地学报,2002,20(4):456～460.Yang Tao,Deng Ronggui,Liu Xiaoli.The Distributing and Subar-ea Character of the Seismic Landslides in Sichuan.Journal of Mountain Research,2002,20(4):456～460.
[12]殷跃平等著.汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论[M].北京:地质出版社.2009.Yin Yueping etc.Great Wenchuan Earthquake:Seismogeology and Landslide Hazards.Geological Publishing House.2009.
[13]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433～444.Yin Yueping.Researches on the geo-hazards triggered by Wen-chuan Earthquake,Sichuan.Jounal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):433～444.
[14]陈晓利.人工智能在地震滑坡危险性评价中的应用[D].中国地震局地质研究所.2007.Chen Xiaoli.Application of Artificial Intelligence to assessment of Earthquake-induced Landslide Susceptibility.Institute of Geolo-gy,China Earthquake Administration.2007.
[2]黄润秋,李为乐.“5·12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585～2592.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.A study on the development and distribu-tion rules of geohazards triggered by“5·12”Wenchuan Earth-quake,2008,27(12):2585～2592.
[3]何宏林,孙昭民,王世元,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):359～361.He Honglin,Sun Zhaomin,Wang Shiyuan,et al.Rupture of the Ms8.0Wenchuan Earthquake.Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2):359～361.
[4]李勇,黄润秋,周荣军,等.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):3～18.Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Zhou Rongjun,et al.Geological Back-ground of Longmen Shan Seismic Belt and Surface Ruptures inWenchuan Earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology.2009,17(1):3～18.
[5]黄润秋,许强,等.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.Huang Runqiu,Xu Qiang,et al.Catastrophic landslides in China.Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[6]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19～28.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Fault Effect Analysis of Geo-hazard Trig-gered by Wenchuan Earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology.2009,17(1):19～28.
[7]王效宁.大型高速滑坡机理和滑速滑程预测研究[D].中国科学院地质研究所.1989,8.Wang Xiaoning.Study on the Mechanism of Large-scale Highspeed Landslides and the Prediction of Sliding Velocity and Dis-tance.Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.1989,8.
[8]胡广韬,毛彦龙,等.地震时滑坡体波动振荡的启程加速动力学问题(中国科学院工程地质力学开放实验室),西安工程学院研究报告[R],1997,17～19.Hu Guangtao,Mao Yanlong,etc.Acceleration dynamics on fluctu-ations of landslides during an earthquake(Engineering geomechan-ics laboratory,Institute of geology,Chinese academy of Sciences).Report of Xi'an College of Engineering,1997,17～19.
[9]孙崇绍.特大地震的震害特征[J].西北地震学报,1993,23(2):2792～2797.Sun Chongshao.The Characteristics of Violent Earthquake Disas-ter.Northwestern Seismological Journal,1993,23(2):2792～2797.
[10]孙崇绍,蔡红卫.我国历史地震时滑坡崩塌的发育及分布特征[J].自然灾害学报,1997,6(1):25～31.Sun Chongshao,Cai Hongwei.Developing and Distributing Char-acteristics of Collapses and Landslides During Strong Historic Earthquake in China.Journal of Natural Disasters,1997,6(1):25～31.
[11]杨涛,邓荣贵,刘小丽.四川地区地震崩塌滑坡的基本特征及危险性分区[J].山地学报,2002,20(4):456～460.Yang Tao,Deng Ronggui,Liu Xiaoli.The Distributing and Subar-ea Character of the Seismic Landslides in Sichuan.Journal of Mountain Research,2002,20(4):456～460.
[12]殷跃平等著.汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论[M].北京:地质出版社.2009.Yin Yueping etc.Great Wenchuan Earthquake:Seismogeology and Landslide Hazards.Geological Publishing House.2009.
[13]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433～444.Yin Yueping.Researches on the geo-hazards triggered by Wen-chuan Earthquake,Sichuan.Jounal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):433～444.
[14]陈晓利.人工智能在地震滑坡危险性评价中的应用[D].中国地震局地质研究所.2007.Chen Xiaoli.Application of Artificial Intelligence to assessment of Earthquake-induced Landslide Susceptibility.Institute of Geolo-gy,China Earthquake Administration.2007.