塔里木库车坳陷新生代盐构造解析及其变形模拟
摘要
塔里木盆地北缘库车坳陷新生代盐构造为油气聚集提供了丰富的圈闭和良好的盖层,是我国重要的油气勘探目标.通过详细的野外地质观测和二维、三维地震反射剖面解析,结合物理模拟实验和离散元数值模拟,发现库车坳陷发育三层结构的挤压冲断型盐构造:盐上层逆冲断层和褶皱、盐岩塑性流变形成的盐丘和盐背斜和盐下层构造.盐岩聚集于拜城凹陷南北两侧,盐下构造发育于拜城凹陷北侧,盐上构造向南传播的更远,盐上层与盐下层的构造形态和高点存在较大的差异,它们没有一一对应的关系.库车坳陷盐构造分为两个阶段:渐新世-中新世库车坳陷构造变形微弱,天山山前的重力(沉积)差异负载导致盐岩发生塑性流变,由山前向盆地流动,形成刺穿型盐丘、盐株;上新世库车坳陷受到强烈挤压,发生大规模逆冲推覆,早期的盐底辟构造演变为盐席断层推覆体,形成大型盐撤凹陷、外来盐席和整合型盐背斜.盐岩边界、区域构造应力变化、差异负载(沉积负载和局部构造负载)是影响库车坳陷盐构造的三个主要因素.
引文
1汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,等.库车前陆褶皱带盐相关构造样式.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2003,33:38—46
2汤良杰,李京昌,余一欣,等.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带盐构造差异变形和分段性特征探讨.地质学报,2006,80:313—320
3Chen S P,Tang L J,Jin Z J,et al.Trust and fold tectonics and the role of evaporates in deformation in the western Kuqa foreland of Tarim Basin,northwest China.Mar Petrol Geol,2004,21:1027—1042
4余一欣.库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带盐相关构造及其形成机理.博士学位论文.北京:中国石油大学,2006.1—101
5汪新,唐鹏程,谢会文,等.库车坳陷西段新生代盐构造特征及演化.大地构造与成矿学,2009,33:57—65
6Molnar P,Tapponnier P.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects on a continental collision.Science,1975,189:419—426
7Tapponnier P,Molnar P.Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tien Shan,Mongolia and Baykal regions.J Geophys Res,1979,84:3425—3459
8Hendrix M S,Dumitru T A,Graham S A.Late Oligocene-early Miocene unroofing in the Chinese Tian Shan:An early effect of the India-Asia collision.Geology,1994,22:487—490
9Sobel R E,Dumitru T A.Thrusting and exhumation around the margins of the western Tarim Basin during the India-Asia collision.J Geophys Res,1997,102:5043—5063
10Sobel E R,Chen J,Heermance R V.Late Oligocene-Early Miocene initiation of shortening in the Southwestern Chinese Tian Shan implications for Neogene shortening rate variations.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2006,247:70—81
11Allen M B,Windley B F,Zhang C,et al.Basin evolution within and adjacent to the Tien Shan range,NW China.J Geol Soc Lond,1991,148:369—378
12Avouac J P,Tapponnier P,Bai M.Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tien Shan and late Cenozoic ratation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan.J Geophys Res,1993,98:6755—6804
13Yin A,Nie S,Craig P,et al.Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Chinese Tian Shan.Tectonics,1998,17:1—27
14卢华复,贾东,陈楚铭,等.库车新生代构造性质和变形时间.地学前缘,1999,6:215—221
15卢华复,贾承造,贾东,等.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征.高校地质学报,2001,7:257—271
16汪新,贾承造,杨树锋,等.南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造变形时间——以库车河地区为例.地质学报,2002,76:55—63
17Wang X,Suppe J,Guan S W,et al.Cenozoic structure and tectonic evolution of the Kuqa fold belt,southern Tianshan,China.In:McClay K,Shaw J,Suppe J,eds.Thrust Fault-related Folding.AAPG Memoir94,in press
18邬光辉,刘玉魁,罗俊成,等.库车前陆冲断褶皱带盐构造特征及其对油气成藏的作用.地球学报,2003,24:249—254
19邬光辉,王招明,刘玉魁,等.塔里木盆地库车盐构造运动学特征.地质评论,2004,50:476—483
20Huang B C,Piper J D A,Peng S T,et al.Magnetostratigraphic and rock magnetic constraints on the history of Cenozoic uplift of the Chinese Tian Shan.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2006,251:346—364
21Sun J M,Li Y,Zhang Z Q,et al.Magnetostratigraphic data on Neogene growth folding in the foreland basin of the southern Tianshan Mountains.Geology,2009,37:1051–1054,doi:10.1130/G30278A.1
22Jackson M P A,Talbot C J.A glossary of salt tectonics.Geological Circular.The University of Texas at Austin.Bureau of Economic Geology,1991.1—44
23李世琴.南天山库车中-西段挤压盐构造及同构造沉积地层研究.博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2009.1—142
24Schellart W P.Shear test results for cohesion and friction coefficients for different granular materials:Scaling implications for their usage in analogue modelling.Tectonophysics,2000,324:1—16
25Schreurs G,Buiter S H,Boutelier D,et al.Analogue benchmarks of shortening and extension experiments.In:Buiter S J H,Schreurs G,eds.Analogue and Numerical Modeling of Crustal-Scale Processes.Geol Soc London-Spec Publ,2006,253:1—27
26Weijermars R,Jackson M P A,Vendeville B C.Rheological and tectonic modeling of salt provinces.Tectonophysics,1993,217:143—174
27Hudec M R,Jackson M P A.Terra infirma:Understanding salt tectonics.Earth-Sci Rev,2007,82:1—28
28Cundall P A,Strack O D L.A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies.Geotechnique,1979,29:47—65
29Ge H X,Jackson M P A,Vendeville B C.Kinematics and dynamics of salt tectonics driven by progradation.AAPG Bull,1997,81:398—423
30Ge H X,Jackson M P A,Vendeville B C,et al.Deformation of prograding wedges over a ductile layer——Applications of physical models to geologic examples.Gulf Coast Assoc Geol Soc Trans,1997,XLVII:177—183
31Gemmer L,Ings S J,Medvedev S,et al.Salt tectonics driven by differential sediment loading:Stability analysis and finite-element experiments.Basin Res,2004,16:199—218
32Gemmer L,Beaumont C,Ings S J.Dynamic modelling of passive margin salt tectonics:Effects of water loading,sediment properties and sedimentation patterns.Basin Res,2005,17:383—402
33Vendeville B C.Salt tectonics driven by sediment progradation:Part I——Mechanics and kinematics.AAPG Bull,2005,89:1071—1079
34Dooley T P,Jackson M P A,Hudec M R.Inflation and growth of salt-based thrust belts on passive margins:Results from physical models.Basin Res,2007,19:165—177,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117.2007.00317.x
35Costa E,Vendeville B C.Experimental insights on the geometry and kinematics of fold-and-thrust belts above weak,viscous evaporitic decollement.J Struct Geol,2002,24:1729—1739
36Dooley T P,Jackson M P A,Hudec M R.Inflation and deflation of deeply buried salt stocks during lateral shortening.J Struct Geol,2009,doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2009.03.013
37Duerto L,McClay K.The role of syntectonic sedimentation in the evolution of doubly vergent thrust wedges and foreland folds.Mar Petrol Geol,2009,26:1051—1069
38戈红星,Bruno V,Martin J.前陆褶皱冲断带厚皮缩短盐构造运动的物理模拟.高校地质学报,2004,10:39—49
2汤良杰,李京昌,余一欣,等.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带盐构造差异变形和分段性特征探讨.地质学报,2006,80:313—320
3Chen S P,Tang L J,Jin Z J,et al.Trust and fold tectonics and the role of evaporates in deformation in the western Kuqa foreland of Tarim Basin,northwest China.Mar Petrol Geol,2004,21:1027—1042
4余一欣.库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带盐相关构造及其形成机理.博士学位论文.北京:中国石油大学,2006.1—101
5汪新,唐鹏程,谢会文,等.库车坳陷西段新生代盐构造特征及演化.大地构造与成矿学,2009,33:57—65
6Molnar P,Tapponnier P.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects on a continental collision.Science,1975,189:419—426
7Tapponnier P,Molnar P.Active faulting and Cenozoic tectonics of the Tien Shan,Mongolia and Baykal regions.J Geophys Res,1979,84:3425—3459
8Hendrix M S,Dumitru T A,Graham S A.Late Oligocene-early Miocene unroofing in the Chinese Tian Shan:An early effect of the India-Asia collision.Geology,1994,22:487—490
9Sobel R E,Dumitru T A.Thrusting and exhumation around the margins of the western Tarim Basin during the India-Asia collision.J Geophys Res,1997,102:5043—5063
10Sobel E R,Chen J,Heermance R V.Late Oligocene-Early Miocene initiation of shortening in the Southwestern Chinese Tian Shan implications for Neogene shortening rate variations.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2006,247:70—81
11Allen M B,Windley B F,Zhang C,et al.Basin evolution within and adjacent to the Tien Shan range,NW China.J Geol Soc Lond,1991,148:369—378
12Avouac J P,Tapponnier P,Bai M.Active thrusting and folding along the northern Tien Shan and late Cenozoic ratation of the Tarim relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan.J Geophys Res,1993,98:6755—6804
13Yin A,Nie S,Craig P,et al.Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Chinese Tian Shan.Tectonics,1998,17:1—27
14卢华复,贾东,陈楚铭,等.库车新生代构造性质和变形时间.地学前缘,1999,6:215—221
15卢华复,贾承造,贾东,等.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征.高校地质学报,2001,7:257—271
16汪新,贾承造,杨树锋,等.南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造变形时间——以库车河地区为例.地质学报,2002,76:55—63
17Wang X,Suppe J,Guan S W,et al.Cenozoic structure and tectonic evolution of the Kuqa fold belt,southern Tianshan,China.In:McClay K,Shaw J,Suppe J,eds.Thrust Fault-related Folding.AAPG Memoir94,in press
18邬光辉,刘玉魁,罗俊成,等.库车前陆冲断褶皱带盐构造特征及其对油气成藏的作用.地球学报,2003,24:249—254
19邬光辉,王招明,刘玉魁,等.塔里木盆地库车盐构造运动学特征.地质评论,2004,50:476—483
20Huang B C,Piper J D A,Peng S T,et al.Magnetostratigraphic and rock magnetic constraints on the history of Cenozoic uplift of the Chinese Tian Shan.Earth Planet Sci Lett,2006,251:346—364
21Sun J M,Li Y,Zhang Z Q,et al.Magnetostratigraphic data on Neogene growth folding in the foreland basin of the southern Tianshan Mountains.Geology,2009,37:1051–1054,doi:10.1130/G30278A.1
22Jackson M P A,Talbot C J.A glossary of salt tectonics.Geological Circular.The University of Texas at Austin.Bureau of Economic Geology,1991.1—44
23李世琴.南天山库车中-西段挤压盐构造及同构造沉积地层研究.博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2009.1—142
24Schellart W P.Shear test results for cohesion and friction coefficients for different granular materials:Scaling implications for their usage in analogue modelling.Tectonophysics,2000,324:1—16
25Schreurs G,Buiter S H,Boutelier D,et al.Analogue benchmarks of shortening and extension experiments.In:Buiter S J H,Schreurs G,eds.Analogue and Numerical Modeling of Crustal-Scale Processes.Geol Soc London-Spec Publ,2006,253:1—27
26Weijermars R,Jackson M P A,Vendeville B C.Rheological and tectonic modeling of salt provinces.Tectonophysics,1993,217:143—174
27Hudec M R,Jackson M P A.Terra infirma:Understanding salt tectonics.Earth-Sci Rev,2007,82:1—28
28Cundall P A,Strack O D L.A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies.Geotechnique,1979,29:47—65
29Ge H X,Jackson M P A,Vendeville B C.Kinematics and dynamics of salt tectonics driven by progradation.AAPG Bull,1997,81:398—423
30Ge H X,Jackson M P A,Vendeville B C,et al.Deformation of prograding wedges over a ductile layer——Applications of physical models to geologic examples.Gulf Coast Assoc Geol Soc Trans,1997,XLVII:177—183
31Gemmer L,Ings S J,Medvedev S,et al.Salt tectonics driven by differential sediment loading:Stability analysis and finite-element experiments.Basin Res,2004,16:199—218
32Gemmer L,Beaumont C,Ings S J.Dynamic modelling of passive margin salt tectonics:Effects of water loading,sediment properties and sedimentation patterns.Basin Res,2005,17:383—402
33Vendeville B C.Salt tectonics driven by sediment progradation:Part I——Mechanics and kinematics.AAPG Bull,2005,89:1071—1079
34Dooley T P,Jackson M P A,Hudec M R.Inflation and growth of salt-based thrust belts on passive margins:Results from physical models.Basin Res,2007,19:165—177,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117.2007.00317.x
35Costa E,Vendeville B C.Experimental insights on the geometry and kinematics of fold-and-thrust belts above weak,viscous evaporitic decollement.J Struct Geol,2002,24:1729—1739
36Dooley T P,Jackson M P A,Hudec M R.Inflation and deflation of deeply buried salt stocks during lateral shortening.J Struct Geol,2009,doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2009.03.013
37Duerto L,McClay K.The role of syntectonic sedimentation in the evolution of doubly vergent thrust wedges and foreland folds.Mar Petrol Geol,2009,26:1051—1069
38戈红星,Bruno V,Martin J.前陆褶皱冲断带厚皮缩短盐构造运动的物理模拟.高校地质学报,2004,10:39—49
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