南通市自然灾害时空分布规律及其防治
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摘要
分析了南通市的地震、塌岸、水土流失、水灾、旱灾、雹灾、寒害和台风等8种自然灾害的时空分布特点;对地震、水灾等6种灾害的功率谱、集中度和集中期分析显示,南通市自然灾害具有2.2年的年际变化规律和春季多冰雹、寒害,夏季多旱涝、台风的年内分布规律;地震受新构造运动断裂分布的控制呈条带状分布,水土流失主要分布于高沙土区,塌岸主要集中于东南部的沿江沿海地带;气象灾害全市皆有分布,但具有北多南少、北重南轻的总体特点;提出了加强自然灾害预报预警系统、农田水利基础设施和江海岸坡防护工程建设等相应的防治对策。
Taking earthquake, collapse, water and soil loss, flood, drought, hail, cold disaster and typhoon as study objects, the author gets the laws and characters about time-space distribution of natural disasters in Nantong city preliminarily. Applying the power spectral analysis, the laws of 2.2-year-periodicity can be found. With the method of the degree and time of concentration, we found that hails and cold disasters have a high frequency in spring and floods, droughts and typhoons often happen in summer. In spatial distribution, controlled by neotectonic fractures, earthquakes take on zonal distribution. Water and soil loss mainly distributes in soil with high-content sands. Collapse distributes in southeastern district, which verges on river and ocean. Meteorological disasters distribute all over the land and have general character of "be more and serious in north, be few and light in south". Based on these characters, the prevention measures have been given. Forecast and early warning of natural disasters, irrigation and water conservancy foundation project and protective engineering of riverbank and seacoast construction should be strengthened.
Taking earthquake, collapse, water and soil loss, flood, drought, hail, cold disaster and typhoon as study objects, the author gets the laws and characters about time-space distribution of natural disasters in Nantong city preliminarily. Applying the power spectral analysis, the laws of 2.2-year-periodicity can be found. With the method of the degree and time of concentration, we found that hails and cold disasters have a high frequency in spring and floods, droughts and typhoons often happen in summer. In spatial distribution, controlled by neotectonic fractures, earthquakes take on zonal distribution. Water and soil loss mainly distributes in soil with high-content sands. Collapse distributes in southeastern district, which verges on river and ocean. Meteorological disasters distribute all over the land and have general character of "be more and serious in north, be few and light in south". Based on these characters, the prevention measures have been given. Forecast and early warning of natural disasters, irrigation and water conservancy foundation project and protective engineering of riverbank and seacoast construction should be strengthened.
引文
[1]黄忠恕.波谱分析方法及其在水文气象学的应用[M].北京:气象出版社,1983.
[2]朱骥德,顾斌.南通地理[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1990.
[3]南通市地方志编纂委员会.南通市志(上)[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2000.
[4]汤奇成,程天文,李秀云.中国河川月径流的集中度和集中期的初步研究[J].地理学报,1982,37(4):383~393.
[5]方伟华,史培军,王静爱.洪涝灾害灾情时间变化特性分析[J].自然灾害学报,2000,9(2):39~44.
[6]范迪富,徐雪球.南通地区新构造运动特征[J].江苏地质,2002,26(1):7~12.
[7]谢礼立,温瑞智.数字减灾系统[J].自然灾害学报,2000,9(2):1~9.
[2]朱骥德,顾斌.南通地理[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1990.
[3]南通市地方志编纂委员会.南通市志(上)[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2000.
[4]汤奇成,程天文,李秀云.中国河川月径流的集中度和集中期的初步研究[J].地理学报,1982,37(4):383~393.
[5]方伟华,史培军,王静爱.洪涝灾害灾情时间变化特性分析[J].自然灾害学报,2000,9(2):39~44.
[6]范迪富,徐雪球.南通地区新构造运动特征[J].江苏地质,2002,26(1):7~12.
[7]谢礼立,温瑞智.数字减灾系统[J].自然灾害学报,2000,9(2):1~9.