断层作用热模型及其对烃源岩热演化的影响
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摘要
从盆地的应力状态分析入手,从断层摩擦生热的角度,建立了断层作用生热的定量模型。在此基础上,确定了断层摩擦产生的热量与断层的性质、深度、构造应力和流体压力等之间的定量关系,定量分析了断层摩擦生热对烃源岩热演化的影响。结果表明:断层作用的生热量主要决定于断层的深度,构造应力的大小、流体压力、断层的位移量、断面摩擦系数等;断层的活动速率对断层摩擦的生热量没有影响,但对断层带内产生的温度却起决定性的作用;在断层快速活动的条件下(地震型),断层摩擦生热虽然可以产生很高的温度,可以造成断层面附近岩石的局部熔融,但其影响范围和影响持续的时间是十分有限的。
A quantitative heat-producing model of faulting was constructed proceeding from the basin stress state analysis and from the viewpoint of frictional heat production.On the basis of the model,the quantitative relationships between the heat quantity produced by fault plane friction and the fault nature,depth,tectonic stress and fluid pressure were established,and the effects of heat produced by fault plane friction on the thermal evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks were analyzed quantitatively under earthquake conditions.The results show that: the fault depth,tectonic stress,fluid pressure,fault displacement,friction coefficient on fault planes are decisive factors of heat quantity produced by faulting;the rate of fault movement has nothing to do with the cumulative heat quantity produced by fault friction,but it is a key factor of the temperatures on the fault plane;under the conditions of a high rate of fault movement(e.g.earthquake type),very high temperatures may be produced by fault friction,which can cause partial melting of rocks near fault planes but the scope and lasting time of its influence on the thermal evolution of rocks are very limited.
A quantitative heat-producing model of faulting was constructed proceeding from the basin stress state analysis and from the viewpoint of frictional heat production.On the basis of the model,the quantitative relationships between the heat quantity produced by fault plane friction and the fault nature,depth,tectonic stress and fluid pressure were established,and the effects of heat produced by fault plane friction on the thermal evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks were analyzed quantitatively under earthquake conditions.The results show that: the fault depth,tectonic stress,fluid pressure,fault displacement,friction coefficient on fault planes are decisive factors of heat quantity produced by faulting;the rate of fault movement has nothing to do with the cumulative heat quantity produced by fault friction,but it is a key factor of the temperatures on the fault plane;under the conditions of a high rate of fault movement(e.g.earthquake type),very high temperatures may be produced by fault friction,which can cause partial melting of rocks near fault planes but the scope and lasting time of its influence on the thermal evolution of rocks are very limited.
引文
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[4]尹意求,李嘉兴.一种与断裂变质作用有关的新类型金矿床———新疆阿勒泰市萨热阔布金矿床[J].矿产地质,2004,18(1):8~12.
[5]莫柱荪.论断裂变质作用[M].中国区域地质.北京:地质出版社,1983.
[6]杨开庆.动力成岩成矿理论的研究内容和方向[M].北京:地质出版社,1986.
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[9]石广仁.含油气盆地数值模拟方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[10]王平.含油气盆地构造力学原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[11]王华林.1668年郯城8.5级地震断裂的全新世滑动速率、古地震和强震复发周期[J].地震研究,1996,19(2):206~224.
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