薄弹性软弱夹层的动力响应模型
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摘要
软弱夹层是岩体中的薄弱部位,其动力响应问题是岩体工程稳定性分析中的一个重要问题。但是,以往对其动力响应的研究大多是采用数值模拟方法,基于应力波传播理论的解析方法应用不多,而且多局限于层状介质中的SH标量波。软弱夹层通常较薄,厚度比入射波波长小,其动力响应问题更接近于波场散射问题,忽略夹层内部反射波的波传播模型不再成立。为此,提出一种考虑夹层内一次反射波的动力响应模型,并以平面P波为例,给出了一个薄弹性软弱夹层的动力响应模型,分析其动力响应的一般特征。该模型物理概念清晰、算法简单实用,尤其适用于层状介质的动力响应问题,对充填贯通型节理岩体动力学特性的研究有借鉴作用。
Because of weak strength of soft interlayers,it is noted that rock dynamic stability caused by soft interlayers should be calculated and analyzed.However,dynamic stability analyses have been performed based on numerical simulation,but not on analytical algorithm ever before.Even if there are a few analytical methodologies,most of them are mainly used for SH wave propagating in hierarchical layers.Generally speaking,the thickness of the soft interlayer is much smaller than that of its surrounding layers;and it is shorter than the seismic wavelength.So its dynamic response model would be a scattering model rather than a direct transmission model.It is obviously reasonable that the interbedded reflecting waves should be considered.On the basis of this idea,the dynamic response model for the thin soft interlayer is put forward,which is used for a corresponding computational example.
Because of weak strength of soft interlayers,it is noted that rock dynamic stability caused by soft interlayers should be calculated and analyzed.However,dynamic stability analyses have been performed based on numerical simulation,but not on analytical algorithm ever before.Even if there are a few analytical methodologies,most of them are mainly used for SH wave propagating in hierarchical layers.Generally speaking,the thickness of the soft interlayer is much smaller than that of its surrounding layers;and it is shorter than the seismic wavelength.So its dynamic response model would be a scattering model rather than a direct transmission model.It is obviously reasonable that the interbedded reflecting waves should be considered.On the basis of this idea,the dynamic response model for the thin soft interlayer is put forward,which is used for a corresponding computational example.
引文
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[14]金峰,邵伟,张立翔,等.模拟软弱夹层的动力特性的薄层单元及其工程应用[J].工程力学,2002,19(2):36–40.(Jin Feng,Shao Wei,Zhang Lixiang,et al.A thin-layer element for simulation of static and dynamic characteristic of soft interlayer and its application[J].Engineering Mechanics,2002,19(2):36–40.(in Chinese))
[15]李宁,葛修润.岩体节理在动荷载作用下的有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(1):29–38.(Li Ning,Ge Xiurun.Numerical modelling of rock joints under dynamic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,16(1):29–38.(in Chinese))
[16]陈镕,陈竹昌,薛松涛,等.夹有层状软弱土层的层状场地对SH波的响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):161–165.(Chen Rong,Chen Zhuchang,Xue Songtao,et al.The response analysis of strata with extremely soft layer to incident SH waves[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):161–165.(in Chinese))
[17]徐红玉,陈殿云,杨先健,等.弹性介质中平面SH波通过夹层时的传播特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):304–308.(Xu Hongyu,Chen Dianyun,Yang Xianjian,et al.Propagation characteristics of plane SH wave passing through elastic interlining in elastic medium[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):304–308.(in Chinese))
[18]Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.勘察地震学[M].徐中信,张中杰,于占元译.长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1992.(Sheriff R E,Geldar L P.Prospecting Seismology[M].Translated by Xu Zhongxin,Zhang Zhongjie,Yu Zhanyuan.Changchun:Jilin Science and Technology Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[2]张奇华,彭光忠.链子崖危岩体软弱夹层的蠕变性质研究[J].岩土力学,1997,18(1):60–64.(Zhang Qihua,Peng Guangzhong.Research on creep behavior of the weak intercalated bed in the dangerous rock body of Lianzi cliff[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1997,18(1):60–64.(in Chinese))
[3]董遵德,袁澄文.岩体软弱夹层现场慢剪切试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(2):149–159.(Dong Zunde,Yuan Chengwen.Researches on controlled displacement-rate shear test in-situ in rock mass soft intercalation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1994,13(2):149–159.(in Chinese))
[4]简文星,吴树仁,徐瑞春.清江水布垭坝址软弱夹层变形机制分析[J].地质力学学报,1996,2(4):43–48.(Jian Wenxing,Wu Shuren,Xu Ruichun.A study on the deformation mechanism of the incompetent beds in the Shuibuya dam site in Qingjiang River[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1996,2(4):43–48.(in Chinese))
[5]李树森,符文熹,聂得新.洞室顶部软弱夹层和层状岩体的稳定性分析[J].山地学报,2000,18(2):156–160.(Li Shusen,Fu Wenxi,Nie Dexin.The stability analysis of weak intercalation and stratified rock mass near the top of underground cavity[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2000,18(2):156–160.(in Chinese))
[6]符文熹,聂得新,尚岳全,等.地应力作用下软弱夹层带的工程特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):584–587.(Fu Wenxi,Nie Dexin,Shang Yuequan,et al.Study on engineering properties of weak layers under ground stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(5):584–587.(in Chinese))
[7]蔡元奇,朱以文,李金光,等.地质缺陷对拱坝及坝基力学行为的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12):1 805–1 809.(Cai Yuanqi,Zhu Yiwen,Li Jinguang,et al.Influence of geological flaw on mechanical behaviors of arch dam foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(12):1 805–1 809.(in Chinese))
[8]郭诚谦.有软弱夹层的岩体边坡安全系数的确定[J].水利水电技术,1995,26(3):27–31.(Guo Chengqian.The stability safety factor of rock slope with soft interlayers[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,1995,26(3):27–31.(in Chinese))
[9]王祥秋,杨德林,高文华.含软弱夹层层状围岩地下洞室平面二维非线性有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(6):729–732.(Wang Xiangqiu,Yang Delin,Gao Wenhua.2D nonliner FEM analysis of underground openings located in the layered rock mass with softening joints[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(6):729–732.(in Chinese))
[10]王明洋,钱七虎.爆炸应力波通过节理裂隙带的衰减规律[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(2):42–46.(Wang Mingyang,Qian Qihu.Attenuation law of explosive wave propagation in cracks[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1995,17(2):42–46.(in Chinese))
[11]吴立,陶鲜.岩体结构面影响爆破效果的理论分析与试验研究[J].矿业研究与开发,1999,19(1):40–43.(Wu Li,Tao Xian.Theoretical analysis experiment study of the influence of rock structural planes on blasting effect[J].Mining Research and Development,1999,19(1):40–43.(in Chinese))
[12]赵坚,蔡军刚,赵晓豹,等.弹性纵波在具有非线性法向变形本构关系的节理处的传播特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(1):9–17.(Zhao Jian,Cai Jungang,Zhao Xiaobao,et al.Transmission of elastic P-waves across single fracture with nonlinear normal deformation behavior[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(1):9–17.(in Chinese))
[13]黄润秋,余嘉顺.软弱夹层对地震波强度影响的模拟研究[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(1):75–78.(Huang Runqiu,Yu Jiashun.Modelling of the effects of properties of a buried weak layer on seismic waves[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(1):75–78.(in Chinese))
[14]金峰,邵伟,张立翔,等.模拟软弱夹层的动力特性的薄层单元及其工程应用[J].工程力学,2002,19(2):36–40.(Jin Feng,Shao Wei,Zhang Lixiang,et al.A thin-layer element for simulation of static and dynamic characteristic of soft interlayer and its application[J].Engineering Mechanics,2002,19(2):36–40.(in Chinese))
[15]李宁,葛修润.岩体节理在动荷载作用下的有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(1):29–38.(Li Ning,Ge Xiurun.Numerical modelling of rock joints under dynamic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,16(1):29–38.(in Chinese))
[16]陈镕,陈竹昌,薛松涛,等.夹有层状软弱土层的层状场地对SH波的响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):161–165.(Chen Rong,Chen Zhuchang,Xue Songtao,et al.The response analysis of strata with extremely soft layer to incident SH waves[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):161–165.(in Chinese))
[17]徐红玉,陈殿云,杨先健,等.弹性介质中平面SH波通过夹层时的传播特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):304–308.(Xu Hongyu,Chen Dianyun,Yang Xianjian,et al.Propagation characteristics of plane SH wave passing through elastic interlining in elastic medium[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):304–308.(in Chinese))
[18]Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.勘察地震学[M].徐中信,张中杰,于占元译.长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1992.(Sheriff R E,Geldar L P.Prospecting Seismology[M].Translated by Xu Zhongxin,Zhang Zhongjie,Yu Zhanyuan.Changchun:Jilin Science and Technology Press,1992.(in Chinese))