大地震后防大疫的相关措施探讨
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摘要
世界各地地震频发,大地震可以造成大量人员伤亡,死亡者尸体埋于废墟下;幸存人员瞬间失去衣、食、住等最基础的物质生活条件;水井、厨房、澡堂、厕所、垃圾箱等生活卫生设施遭到严重破坏;停水、停电、交通瘫痪、通讯中断;下水排放系统遭破坏后,污水、粪便、垃圾等形成大量传染源;灾民大批流动,露宿或临时居住防震棚;他们的正常生活规律被打乱,机体抵抗力下降。上述震后状况极有利于传染病的暴发、传播和流行。因此,为了确保大地震后无大疫,防止传染病的发生和流行,应立即启动医疗卫生应急预案,迅速开展卫生防疫工作,将地震给人类带来的灾害降到最低。
Earthquakes occur frequently around the world in recent years.Large earthquakes may cause heavy casualties,with the dead bodies buried under the ruins.In such a disaster,the survivors are deprived of clothing,food,shelter and other basic material conditions of life; hygienic facilities such as wells,kitchens,bathrooms,toilets and trash boxes are severely damaged; water and power supply are off,traffic paralyzed and communication interrupted; multiple sources of infection are formed out of sewage,feces and garbage after the water drainage system is destroyed; a surge of refugees become homeless and sleep in the open or temporary quake-proof shelters,their normal routines disordered and the body immunity declined.Such post-earthquake sequelae precipitate the outbreaks,spread and prevalence of infectious diseases.Therefore,to avoid post-disaster major epidemics and prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases,medical contingency plans should be immediately initiated in conjunction with epidemic prevention mechanisms to minimize the seismic hazards.
Earthquakes occur frequently around the world in recent years.Large earthquakes may cause heavy casualties,with the dead bodies buried under the ruins.In such a disaster,the survivors are deprived of clothing,food,shelter and other basic material conditions of life; hygienic facilities such as wells,kitchens,bathrooms,toilets and trash boxes are severely damaged; water and power supply are off,traffic paralyzed and communication interrupted; multiple sources of infection are formed out of sewage,feces and garbage after the water drainage system is destroyed; a surge of refugees become homeless and sleep in the open or temporary quake-proof shelters,their normal routines disordered and the body immunity declined.Such post-earthquake sequelae precipitate the outbreaks,spread and prevalence of infectious diseases.Therefore,to avoid post-disaster major epidemics and prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases,medical contingency plans should be immediately initiated in conjunction with epidemic prevention mechanisms to minimize the seismic hazards.
引文
[1]李建平,李舰,单杰.潍坊市破坏性地震卫生防疫应急预案的研究[J].预防医学文献信息,2003,9(3):342-343.
[2]谭中贵,鲁东,时骏.防疫人员树立五个观念地震灾区疫情形势平稳[J].中国社区医师,2007,9(12):136.
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[4]李红旗,郭建民.张家口地区抗震救灾防病体会[J].武警医学,2002,10(2):117-118.
[5]滕建中.大震后的疫病防治对策简介[J].兰州科技情报,1991,20(6):14.
[6]唐振华,马德新,刘栓奎,等.巴楚抗震救灾卫生防疫措施与体会[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2005,23(3):199-200.
[2]谭中贵,鲁东,时骏.防疫人员树立五个观念地震灾区疫情形势平稳[J].中国社区医师,2007,9(12):136.
[3]李跃斌.他们同样是最可爱的人——来自普洱地震中的卫生防疫工作纪实[J].防灾博览,2004,4(3):31-32.
[4]李红旗,郭建民.张家口地区抗震救灾防病体会[J].武警医学,2002,10(2):117-118.
[5]滕建中.大震后的疫病防治对策简介[J].兰州科技情报,1991,20(6):14.
[6]唐振华,马德新,刘栓奎,等.巴楚抗震救灾卫生防疫措施与体会[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2005,23(3):199-200.