测井资料评价次生孔隙的方法、原理及实例
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摘要
结合高邮凹陷地区实际地质情况,在地质、地震及岩芯分析的基础上,对次生孔隙的成因机制从测井角度进行了分析讨论。主要从以下几方面研究1)利用整个井段的声波测井资料可以识别成岩阶段,划分次生孔隙发育的起始层段;2)分析利用声波孔隙度与密度、中子孔隙度差值求取次生孔隙度的适用条件和范围,依条件的不同进行方法的选取;3)利用声波—电阻率幅度差法量化烃源岩中有机质含量,分析有机质经过热解后产生的有机酸对砂体产生的溶蚀作用,判断由此导致的次生孔隙发育请况;4)利用声波时差辨识异常高压层段,分析次生孔隙的发育和保存。以上方法经过实例验证,效果明显。
Based on analysis of geological, seismic and experimental analysis in Gaoyou depression, the article analyses the original mechanism of secondary porosity. The result indicates that the analysis of secondary porosity with well logging is available. The methods include: 1) the original stage of secondary porosity can be distinguished by sonic data; 2) The secondary porosity can be collected by density porosity and neutron porosity subtracting sonic porosity. The article analyses the qualification of the method; 3) The decomposition of organic matter may bring organic acid that can produce a lot of secondary porosity. The organic matter in source rocks can be measured by sonic and resistivity data; 4) the abnormal high pressure can be obtained by sonic data from which the formation and preservation of secondary porosity are analyzed. Tha above methods are tested in Gaoyou depression.
Based on analysis of geological, seismic and experimental analysis in Gaoyou depression, the article analyses the original mechanism of secondary porosity. The result indicates that the analysis of secondary porosity with well logging is available. The methods include: 1) the original stage of secondary porosity can be distinguished by sonic data; 2) The secondary porosity can be collected by density porosity and neutron porosity subtracting sonic porosity. The article analyses the qualification of the method; 3) The decomposition of organic matter may bring organic acid that can produce a lot of secondary porosity. The organic matter in source rocks can be measured by sonic and resistivity data; 4) the abnormal high pressure can be obtained by sonic data from which the formation and preservation of secondary porosity are analyzed. Tha above methods are tested in Gaoyou depression.
引文
1李义军.浅述次生孔隙的成因.西北地质,2002,35(1):65～69[Li Yijun.The discussion about the genesis of secondary porosity.Northwestern Geology,2002,35(1):65～69]
2张以明.冀中饶阳凹陷下第三系沙河街组第三段砂岩次生孔隙形成机制.石油与天然气地质,1994,15(3):208～215[Zhang Yim-ing.Secondary pore formation mechanismof the third member of Shahe-jie Formation,Raoyang depression.Oil&Gas Geology,1994,15(3):208～215]
3王正允,王方平,林小云,等.塔北三叠、侏罗统孔隙类型及次生孔隙的成因.石油与天然气地质,1995,16(3):203～210[Wang Zhengyun,Wang Fangping,Lin Xiaoyun,et al.Pore types and origin of secondary pores of Triassic and Jurassic in North Tarim basin.Oil&Gas Geology,1995,16(3):203～210]
4李捷,王海云.东北晚中生代短陷盆地储层次生孔隙形成机制.沉积学报,1999,17(4):591～595[Li Jie,Wang Haiyun.The devel-opment mechanism of the secondary pores in the reservoirs of the down-faulted basins of the Late Mesozoic era in the northeast China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(4):591～595]
5李忠,李惠生,等.东濮凹陷深部次生孔隙成因与储层演化研究.地质科学,1994,29(3):267～274[Li Zhong,Li Huisheng,et al.An approach to genesis and evaluation of secondary porosity in deeply bur-ied sandstone reservoirs,Dongpu depression.Scientia Geologica Sini-ca,1994,29(3):267～274]
6刘林玉.吐鲁番—哈密盆地中生界砂岩次生孔隙研究.石油实验地质,1996,18(3):317～324[Liu Linyu.Astudy on secondary pores of the Mesozoic sandstones in the Turpan-hami Basin.Petroleum Geolo-gy&Experiment,1994,29(3):267～274]
7刘林玉,陈刚,柳益群,等.碎屑岩储集层溶蚀型次生孔隙发育的影响因素分析.沉积学报,1998,16(2):97～101[Liu Linyu,Cheng Gang,Liu Yiqun,et al.Analysis on influencing factors of solution-typesecondary pore-evolution in clastic reservoirs.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(2):97～101]
8张琴,钟大康,朱筱敏,等.东营凹陷下第三系碎屑岩储层孔隙演化与次生孔隙成因.石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):281～285[Zhang Qin,Zhong Dakang,Zhu Xiaomin,et al.Pore evolution and genesis of secondary pores in Paleogene clastic reservoirs in Dongying Sag.Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(3):281～285]
9刘爱永,陈刚,刘林玉,等.吐哈盆地三叠系砂岩的孔隙类型及次生孔隙形成机理探讨.石油实验地质,2002,24(4):345～353[Liu Aiyong,Chen Gang,Liu Linyu,et al.Discussion on the pore types of the Triassic sandstone in the Turpan-Hami basin and the formation mechanism of secondary pores.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2002,24(4):345～353]
10钟大康,朱筱敏,蔡进功,等.沾化凹陷下第三系次生孔隙纵向分布规律.石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):286～290[Zhong Da-kang,Zhu Xiaomin,Cai Jingong,et al.Vertical distribution of sec-ondary pores in peleogene sandstones of Zhanhua depression.Oil&Gas Geology2003,24(3):286～290]
11洪有密.测井原理与综合解释.山东东营:石油大学出版社,2002[Hong Youmi.The Principle of Logging and Interpretation.Shangdong Dongying:Petroleum University Press,2002]
12操应长,姜在兴,夏斌,等.声波时差测井资料识别层序地层单元界面的方法、原理及实例.沉积学报,2003,21(2):318～322[Cao Yingchang,Jiang Zaixing,Xia Bin,et al.Method,principle and example and identifying sequence stratigraphical boundary using sonic logging.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(2):318～322]
13张小莉,沈英,陈文学.利用测井资料分析成岩作用对储集层的影响.沉积学报,2000,18(3):127～131[Zhang Xiaoli,Shen Ying,Chen Wenxue.Application of well logging information to analy-sis on the effect of diagenesis in reservoirs.Acta Sedimentologica Sini-ca,2000,18(3):127～131]
14孙建孟,李召成,关雎,等.用测井确定储层敏感性.石油学报,1999,20(4):34～38[Sun Jianmeng,Li Zhaocheng,Guan Ju,et al.Reservoir sensitivity determination by well logging.Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(4):34～38]
15张振城,孙建孟.自然伽马能谱测井在储层敏感性预测中的应用.钻井液与完井液,2003,20(6):26～29[Zhang Zhencheng,Sun Jianmeng.Prediction of formation sensitivity with natural gamma ray spectrometry log used in Dagang oilfield.Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2003,20(6):26～29]
16苗建宇,祝总祺,刘文荣,等.济阳凹陷下第三系温度、压力与深部储层次生孔隙关系.石油学报,2000,21(3):36～40[Miao Jianyu,Zhu Zongqi,Liu Wenrong,et al.Relationship between tem-perature-pressure and secondary pores of deep reservoir in Eogene at Jiyang depression.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(3):36～40]
17张立鹏,边瑞雪,杨双彦,等.用测井资料识别烃源岩.测井技术,2001,25(2):146～152[Zhang Lipeng,Bian Ruixue,Yang Shuangyan,et al.Identifying hydrocarbon source rock with log data.Well Log Technology,2001,25(2):146～152]
18祝总祺,苗建宇,刘文荣,等.论压力封存箱及其对次生孔隙的保护作用.西北大学学报(自然科学版),1997,27(1):73～77[Zhu Zongqi,Miao Jianyu,Liu Wenrong,et al.The pressureed fluid compartment and its preservation to secondary pores.Journal of North-west University(Natural Science Edition),1997,27(1):73～77]
19王越之.地层压力研究方法新进展.中国海上油气(地质),1998,12(3):210～212[Wang Yuezhi.The recent development of research methods in formation-pressure.China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geolo-gy),1998,12(3):210～212]
20邵新军,许昀,吕中锋,等.地层流体压力预测方法的讨论.石油勘探与开发,2000,27(3):100～102[Shao Xinjun,Xu Jun,Lv Zhongfeng,et al.Adiscussion about methods for predicting pore pres-sure.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(3):100～102]
2张以明.冀中饶阳凹陷下第三系沙河街组第三段砂岩次生孔隙形成机制.石油与天然气地质,1994,15(3):208～215[Zhang Yim-ing.Secondary pore formation mechanismof the third member of Shahe-jie Formation,Raoyang depression.Oil&Gas Geology,1994,15(3):208～215]
3王正允,王方平,林小云,等.塔北三叠、侏罗统孔隙类型及次生孔隙的成因.石油与天然气地质,1995,16(3):203～210[Wang Zhengyun,Wang Fangping,Lin Xiaoyun,et al.Pore types and origin of secondary pores of Triassic and Jurassic in North Tarim basin.Oil&Gas Geology,1995,16(3):203～210]
4李捷,王海云.东北晚中生代短陷盆地储层次生孔隙形成机制.沉积学报,1999,17(4):591～595[Li Jie,Wang Haiyun.The devel-opment mechanism of the secondary pores in the reservoirs of the down-faulted basins of the Late Mesozoic era in the northeast China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(4):591～595]
5李忠,李惠生,等.东濮凹陷深部次生孔隙成因与储层演化研究.地质科学,1994,29(3):267～274[Li Zhong,Li Huisheng,et al.An approach to genesis and evaluation of secondary porosity in deeply bur-ied sandstone reservoirs,Dongpu depression.Scientia Geologica Sini-ca,1994,29(3):267～274]
6刘林玉.吐鲁番—哈密盆地中生界砂岩次生孔隙研究.石油实验地质,1996,18(3):317～324[Liu Linyu.Astudy on secondary pores of the Mesozoic sandstones in the Turpan-hami Basin.Petroleum Geolo-gy&Experiment,1994,29(3):267～274]
7刘林玉,陈刚,柳益群,等.碎屑岩储集层溶蚀型次生孔隙发育的影响因素分析.沉积学报,1998,16(2):97～101[Liu Linyu,Cheng Gang,Liu Yiqun,et al.Analysis on influencing factors of solution-typesecondary pore-evolution in clastic reservoirs.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(2):97～101]
8张琴,钟大康,朱筱敏,等.东营凹陷下第三系碎屑岩储层孔隙演化与次生孔隙成因.石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):281～285[Zhang Qin,Zhong Dakang,Zhu Xiaomin,et al.Pore evolution and genesis of secondary pores in Paleogene clastic reservoirs in Dongying Sag.Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(3):281～285]
9刘爱永,陈刚,刘林玉,等.吐哈盆地三叠系砂岩的孔隙类型及次生孔隙形成机理探讨.石油实验地质,2002,24(4):345～353[Liu Aiyong,Chen Gang,Liu Linyu,et al.Discussion on the pore types of the Triassic sandstone in the Turpan-Hami basin and the formation mechanism of secondary pores.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2002,24(4):345～353]
10钟大康,朱筱敏,蔡进功,等.沾化凹陷下第三系次生孔隙纵向分布规律.石油与天然气地质,2003,24(3):286～290[Zhong Da-kang,Zhu Xiaomin,Cai Jingong,et al.Vertical distribution of sec-ondary pores in peleogene sandstones of Zhanhua depression.Oil&Gas Geology2003,24(3):286～290]
11洪有密.测井原理与综合解释.山东东营:石油大学出版社,2002[Hong Youmi.The Principle of Logging and Interpretation.Shangdong Dongying:Petroleum University Press,2002]
12操应长,姜在兴,夏斌,等.声波时差测井资料识别层序地层单元界面的方法、原理及实例.沉积学报,2003,21(2):318～322[Cao Yingchang,Jiang Zaixing,Xia Bin,et al.Method,principle and example and identifying sequence stratigraphical boundary using sonic logging.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(2):318～322]
13张小莉,沈英,陈文学.利用测井资料分析成岩作用对储集层的影响.沉积学报,2000,18(3):127～131[Zhang Xiaoli,Shen Ying,Chen Wenxue.Application of well logging information to analy-sis on the effect of diagenesis in reservoirs.Acta Sedimentologica Sini-ca,2000,18(3):127～131]
14孙建孟,李召成,关雎,等.用测井确定储层敏感性.石油学报,1999,20(4):34～38[Sun Jianmeng,Li Zhaocheng,Guan Ju,et al.Reservoir sensitivity determination by well logging.Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(4):34～38]
15张振城,孙建孟.自然伽马能谱测井在储层敏感性预测中的应用.钻井液与完井液,2003,20(6):26～29[Zhang Zhencheng,Sun Jianmeng.Prediction of formation sensitivity with natural gamma ray spectrometry log used in Dagang oilfield.Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2003,20(6):26～29]
16苗建宇,祝总祺,刘文荣,等.济阳凹陷下第三系温度、压力与深部储层次生孔隙关系.石油学报,2000,21(3):36～40[Miao Jianyu,Zhu Zongqi,Liu Wenrong,et al.Relationship between tem-perature-pressure and secondary pores of deep reservoir in Eogene at Jiyang depression.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(3):36～40]
17张立鹏,边瑞雪,杨双彦,等.用测井资料识别烃源岩.测井技术,2001,25(2):146～152[Zhang Lipeng,Bian Ruixue,Yang Shuangyan,et al.Identifying hydrocarbon source rock with log data.Well Log Technology,2001,25(2):146～152]
18祝总祺,苗建宇,刘文荣,等.论压力封存箱及其对次生孔隙的保护作用.西北大学学报(自然科学版),1997,27(1):73～77[Zhu Zongqi,Miao Jianyu,Liu Wenrong,et al.The pressureed fluid compartment and its preservation to secondary pores.Journal of North-west University(Natural Science Edition),1997,27(1):73～77]
19王越之.地层压力研究方法新进展.中国海上油气(地质),1998,12(3):210～212[Wang Yuezhi.The recent development of research methods in formation-pressure.China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geolo-gy),1998,12(3):210～212]
20邵新军,许昀,吕中锋,等.地层流体压力预测方法的讨论.石油勘探与开发,2000,27(3):100～102[Shao Xinjun,Xu Jun,Lv Zhongfeng,et al.Adiscussion about methods for predicting pore pres-sure.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(3):100～102]
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