龙门山断裂带重力变化与汶川8.0级地震关系研究
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摘要
利用成都地区1996-2008年绝对重力和相对重力观测资料获得区域重力场时空动态变化结果,系统分析了龙门山断裂带重力场变化特征及其与汶川8.0级地震的关系.①重力变化与龙门山断裂构造活动存在密切空间联系,重力测量较好地反映了伴随活动断层的物质迁移和构造变形引起的地表重力变化效应.②成都地区重力场动态图像较完整地反映了2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震孕育、发生过程中出现的流动重力前兆信息.③映秀及北川重力点值时序变化累积量达120×10~(-8)m·s~(-2),较好地反映了汶川地震前映秀和北川两个极震区附近的重力测点随时间的剧烈波动性上升变化.④汶川地震前,龙门山断裂带东侧的四川盆地相对稳定,而较显著的重力变化发生在龙门山断裂带西侧的川西高原上.
The observed results of repeated absolute and relative gravity measurements in Chengdu arear during 1996 - 2008 are systemically analyzed, and then discuss the relationship between gravity variation of Longmenshan fault zone and Wenchuan M_S 8. 0 earthquake. The results show as follows. ①The change of gravity field is closely relative to tectonic movement of Longmenshan fault zone. The change of surface gravity field caused by the active faults associated with the mass transfer and structural deformation can be effectively reflect by gravity measurements.② The dynamic images of gravity field in Chengdu arear base on absolute gravity measurements can express the precursory gravity information during the seismogenic process of the Wenchuan M_S 8. 0 earthquake.③The temporal changes' value of gravity point (Yingxiu, Beichuan) cumulate to 120 ×10~(-8)m • s~(-2) shows that gravity field near meizoseismal region have fast increased after the Wenchuan M_S 8. 0 earthquake. ©Before Wenchuan earthquake, the gravity anomaly in the Sichuan Basin on the east side of Longmenshan fault zone is relative stability, and the gravity anomaly in the West Sichuan Plateau on the west side of Longmenshan fault zone is significant changes.
The observed results of repeated absolute and relative gravity measurements in Chengdu arear during 1996 - 2008 are systemically analyzed, and then discuss the relationship between gravity variation of Longmenshan fault zone and Wenchuan M_S 8. 0 earthquake. The results show as follows. ①The change of gravity field is closely relative to tectonic movement of Longmenshan fault zone. The change of surface gravity field caused by the active faults associated with the mass transfer and structural deformation can be effectively reflect by gravity measurements.② The dynamic images of gravity field in Chengdu arear base on absolute gravity measurements can express the precursory gravity information during the seismogenic process of the Wenchuan M_S 8. 0 earthquake.③The temporal changes' value of gravity point (Yingxiu, Beichuan) cumulate to 120 ×10~(-8)m • s~(-2) shows that gravity field near meizoseismal region have fast increased after the Wenchuan M_S 8. 0 earthquake. ©Before Wenchuan earthquake, the gravity anomaly in the Sichuan Basin on the east side of Longmenshan fault zone is relative stability, and the gravity anomaly in the West Sichuan Plateau on the west side of Longmenshan fault zone is significant changes.
引文
[1] 孙和平.重力场的时间变化与地球动力学.中国科学院院刊,2004,19(3) :189-193 Sun H P. Temporal variation of gravity field and geodynamics. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (in Chinese) ,2004,19(3) :189-193
[2] Hunt T M. Gravity variations associated with the 1968 Inangahua earthquake. J. Geo l. Geophys, 1970, 13 (4) :1050-051
[3] Li R H, Fu Z. The gravity changes before and after the Tangshan earthquake ( M= 7． 8 ) and dilatation process. Tectonophysics,1983,97:159-169
[4] 陈运泰.顾浩鼎.卢造勋.1975年海城地震和1976年唐山地震前后的重力变化.地震学报,1980,2(1) :21-31 Chen Y T,Gu H D,Lu Z X. Variations of gravity before and after the Haicheng earthquake, 1975 and the Tangshan earthquake, 1976． Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese),1980,2(1) :21-31
[5] 张为民,王勇,詹金刚等.1996-2003年中国大陆高精度绝对重力观测.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1) :204-210 Zhang W M, Wang Y,Zhan J G,et al. High accuracy absolute gravity observation in Chinese main land during 1996-2003． Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese) ,2005 ,20(1) :204-210
[6] 邢乐林,李辉,何志堂等.成都基准台绝对重力复测结果分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(6) :38-42 Xing L L,Li H,He Z T,et al. Analysis of repeatet absolute gravity surveying results at Chengdu seismostation. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2008,28(6) :38-42
[7] 江在森,方颖,武艳强等.汶川8． 0级地震前区域地壳运动与变形动态过程.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :505-518 Jiang Z S, Fang Y, Wu Y Q, et al. The dynamic process of regional crustal movement and deformation before Wenchuan Ms8． 0 earthquake. Chinese J. Geophys(in Chinese) ,2009,52 (2) :505-518
[8] 滕吉文,白登海,杨辉等.2008年汶川M_s8． 0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1385-1402 Teng J W, Bai D H, Yang H, et al. Deep processes and dynamic responses associated with the Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake of 2008． Chinese J . Geophys (in Chinese),2008,51(5) :1385-1402
[9] 祝意青,王双绪,江在森等.昆仑山口西8． 1级地震前重力变化.地震学报,2003． 25(3) :291-297 Zhu Y Q,Wang S X,Jiang Z S,et al. Gravity variation before Kunlun mountain pass western M_s8． 1 earthquake. Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese) ,2003 ,25(3) :291-297
[10] 祝意青,李辉,朱桂芝等.青藏块体东北缘重力场演化与地震活动.地震学报,2004,26(增):71-78 Zhu Y Q, Li H, Zhu G Z, et al. Gravitational field evolution and seismicity in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) , 2004, 26 ( Suppl.) :71-78
[11] 江在森,张希,祝意青等.昆仑山口西M_s8． 1地震前区域构造变形背景.中国科学D辑,地球科学,2003,33(增刊):163-172 Jiang Z S, Zhang X, Zhu Y Q, et al. Regional tectonic deformation background before M_s8． 1 earthquake on the west of Kunlun Mountain pass. Science in China (Series D) (in Chinese ), 2003,33(B04) :163-172
[12] 徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.汶川M_s8． 0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2008,30(3) :597-629 Xu X W, Wen X Z, Ye J Q, et al. The Ms8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) ,2008,30(3) :597-629
[13] 王卫民,赵连锋,李娟等.四川汶川8． 0级地震震源过程.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1403-1410 Wang W M, Zhao L F, Li J, et al. Rupture process of the M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China. Chinese J . Geophys. (in Chinese),2008,51(5) ,1403-1410
[14] 张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽等.2008年汶川8． 0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报.2008,51(4) :1066-1073 Zhang P Z,Xu X W,Wen X Z,et al. Slip rate and recurrence intervals of the Longmenshan active fault zone, and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthauake, 2008, Sichuan, China. Chinese J. Geophys (in Chinese) ,2008,51(4) :1066-1073
[15] 楼海,王椿镛,吕智勇等.2008年汶川M_s8． 0级地震的深部构造环境.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(10) :1207-1220 Lou H, Wang C Y, Lu Z Y, et al. Deep tectonic condition of the M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China. Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese ) ,2008,38(10) :1207-1220
[16] 张季生,高锐,曾令森等.龙门山及邻区重、磁异常特征及与地震关系的研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :572-578 Zhang J S, Gao R, Zeng L S, et al. Relationship between characteristics of gravity and magnetic anomalies and the earthquake in Longmenshan range and adjacent areas. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,52(2) :572-578
[17] 祝意青,梁伟锋,徐云马.重力资料对2008年汶川M_s8． 0地震的中期预测.国际地震动态,2008,(7) :36-39 Zhu Y Q,Liang W F,Xu Y M. Medium-Term prediction of M_s8． 0 earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan by mobile gravity. Recent Developments in World Seismology ( in Chinese), 2008,(7) :36-39
[18] 贾民育,詹洁辉.中国地震重力监测体系的结构与能力.地震学报,2000,22(4) :360-367 Jia M Y, Zhan J H. The structure and ability of the china seismological gravity monitoring system. Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese) ,2000,22(4) :360-367
[19] 祝意青,王庆良,徐云马.我国流动重力监测预报发展的思考.国际地震动态,2008,(9) :19-25 Zhu Y Q,Wang Q L,Xu Y M. Thoughts on the development of Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction in mobile gravity.Recent Developments in World Seismology ( in Chinese) , 2008,(9) :19-25
[20] 张致伟,程万正,阮祥等.汶川8． 0级地震前龙门山断裂带的地震活动性和构造应力场特征.地震学报,2009,31(2) :117-127 Zhang Z W, Cheng W Z, Ruan X, et al. Seismicity and tectonic stress of the Longmenshan fault zone before 2008 Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese ),2009,31(2) :117-127
[21] 孙少安,项爱民,朱平等.三峡水库首次蓄水引起的重力变化及其机制的初步研究.地震学报,2006,28(5) :485-492 Sun S A, Xiang A M,Zhu P,et al. Gravity change and its Mechanism after the First water impoundment in Three Gorges Project. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) , 2006, 28(5) :485-492
[2] Hunt T M. Gravity variations associated with the 1968 Inangahua earthquake. J. Geo l. Geophys, 1970, 13 (4) :1050-051
[3] Li R H, Fu Z. The gravity changes before and after the Tangshan earthquake ( M= 7． 8 ) and dilatation process. Tectonophysics,1983,97:159-169
[4] 陈运泰.顾浩鼎.卢造勋.1975年海城地震和1976年唐山地震前后的重力变化.地震学报,1980,2(1) :21-31 Chen Y T,Gu H D,Lu Z X. Variations of gravity before and after the Haicheng earthquake, 1975 and the Tangshan earthquake, 1976． Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese),1980,2(1) :21-31
[5] 张为民,王勇,詹金刚等.1996-2003年中国大陆高精度绝对重力观测.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1) :204-210 Zhang W M, Wang Y,Zhan J G,et al. High accuracy absolute gravity observation in Chinese main land during 1996-2003． Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese) ,2005 ,20(1) :204-210
[6] 邢乐林,李辉,何志堂等.成都基准台绝对重力复测结果分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(6) :38-42 Xing L L,Li H,He Z T,et al. Analysis of repeatet absolute gravity surveying results at Chengdu seismostation. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2008,28(6) :38-42
[7] 江在森,方颖,武艳强等.汶川8． 0级地震前区域地壳运动与变形动态过程.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :505-518 Jiang Z S, Fang Y, Wu Y Q, et al. The dynamic process of regional crustal movement and deformation before Wenchuan Ms8． 0 earthquake. Chinese J. Geophys(in Chinese) ,2009,52 (2) :505-518
[8] 滕吉文,白登海,杨辉等.2008年汶川M_s8． 0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1385-1402 Teng J W, Bai D H, Yang H, et al. Deep processes and dynamic responses associated with the Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake of 2008． Chinese J . Geophys (in Chinese),2008,51(5) :1385-1402
[9] 祝意青,王双绪,江在森等.昆仑山口西8． 1级地震前重力变化.地震学报,2003． 25(3) :291-297 Zhu Y Q,Wang S X,Jiang Z S,et al. Gravity variation before Kunlun mountain pass western M_s8． 1 earthquake. Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese) ,2003 ,25(3) :291-297
[10] 祝意青,李辉,朱桂芝等.青藏块体东北缘重力场演化与地震活动.地震学报,2004,26(增):71-78 Zhu Y Q, Li H, Zhu G Z, et al. Gravitational field evolution and seismicity in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) , 2004, 26 ( Suppl.) :71-78
[11] 江在森,张希,祝意青等.昆仑山口西M_s8． 1地震前区域构造变形背景.中国科学D辑,地球科学,2003,33(增刊):163-172 Jiang Z S, Zhang X, Zhu Y Q, et al. Regional tectonic deformation background before M_s8． 1 earthquake on the west of Kunlun Mountain pass. Science in China (Series D) (in Chinese ), 2003,33(B04) :163-172
[12] 徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等.汶川M_s8． 0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2008,30(3) :597-629 Xu X W, Wen X Z, Ye J Q, et al. The Ms8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) ,2008,30(3) :597-629
[13] 王卫民,赵连锋,李娟等.四川汶川8． 0级地震震源过程.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1403-1410 Wang W M, Zhao L F, Li J, et al. Rupture process of the M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China. Chinese J . Geophys. (in Chinese),2008,51(5) ,1403-1410
[14] 张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽等.2008年汶川8． 0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报.2008,51(4) :1066-1073 Zhang P Z,Xu X W,Wen X Z,et al. Slip rate and recurrence intervals of the Longmenshan active fault zone, and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthauake, 2008, Sichuan, China. Chinese J. Geophys (in Chinese) ,2008,51(4) :1066-1073
[15] 楼海,王椿镛,吕智勇等.2008年汶川M_s8． 0级地震的深部构造环境.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(10) :1207-1220 Lou H, Wang C Y, Lu Z Y, et al. Deep tectonic condition of the M_s8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China. Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese ) ,2008,38(10) :1207-1220
[16] 张季生,高锐,曾令森等.龙门山及邻区重、磁异常特征及与地震关系的研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :572-578 Zhang J S, Gao R, Zeng L S, et al. Relationship between characteristics of gravity and magnetic anomalies and the earthquake in Longmenshan range and adjacent areas. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,52(2) :572-578
[17] 祝意青,梁伟锋,徐云马.重力资料对2008年汶川M_s8． 0地震的中期预测.国际地震动态,2008,(7) :36-39 Zhu Y Q,Liang W F,Xu Y M. Medium-Term prediction of M_s8． 0 earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan by mobile gravity. Recent Developments in World Seismology ( in Chinese), 2008,(7) :36-39
[18] 贾民育,詹洁辉.中国地震重力监测体系的结构与能力.地震学报,2000,22(4) :360-367 Jia M Y, Zhan J H. The structure and ability of the china seismological gravity monitoring system. Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese) ,2000,22(4) :360-367
[19] 祝意青,王庆良,徐云马.我国流动重力监测预报发展的思考.国际地震动态,2008,(9) :19-25 Zhu Y Q,Wang Q L,Xu Y M. Thoughts on the development of Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction in mobile gravity.Recent Developments in World Seismology ( in Chinese) , 2008,(9) :19-25
[20] 张致伟,程万正,阮祥等.汶川8． 0级地震前龙门山断裂带的地震活动性和构造应力场特征.地震学报,2009,31(2) :117-127 Zhang Z W, Cheng W Z, Ruan X, et al. Seismicity and tectonic stress of the Longmenshan fault zone before 2008 Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese ),2009,31(2) :117-127
[21] 孙少安,项爱民,朱平等.三峡水库首次蓄水引起的重力变化及其机制的初步研究.地震学报,2006,28(5) :485-492 Sun S A, Xiang A M,Zhu P,et al. Gravity change and its Mechanism after the First water impoundment in Three Gorges Project. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) , 2006, 28(5) :485-492
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