合成地震记录制作中的质量控制方法研究
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摘要
合成地震记录制作中的质量控制将最终决定地震地质层位标定的精度.为此,在分析合成地震记录原理基础上,从三个环节对合成地震记录制作进行质量控制:①通过测井数据精确计算反射系数;②提取与地震资料频谱一致、波形和相位稳定的地震子波;③在获得高精度速度场的基础上,从波组、波形、振幅、频率和相位特征等方面进行匹配调整等.通过对各个环节的研究分析,提出了一整套行之有效的质量控制方法,提高合成地震记录的精度,达到层位标定对合成地震记录精度的要求.
Quality control(QC) of synthetic seismograms is the key for subtle horizon interpretation.Based on the analysis of the synthetic seismogram principle,this paper suggests three steps of quality control:① exact calculation of reflect coefficients from well logging data;② extracting a wavelet which is consistent with seismic well side trace in spectrum,waveform and phase;and ③ based on high precision velocity field,matching synthetic seismograms with seismic well side trace according to wave group,waveform,amplitude,frequency and phase characteristics.Here a full suite of QC methods is presented,which advances the precision of synthetic seismograms and meets the needs of horizon interpretation.
Quality control(QC) of synthetic seismograms is the key for subtle horizon interpretation.Based on the analysis of the synthetic seismogram principle,this paper suggests three steps of quality control:① exact calculation of reflect coefficients from well logging data;② extracting a wavelet which is consistent with seismic well side trace in spectrum,waveform and phase;and ③ based on high precision velocity field,matching synthetic seismograms with seismic well side trace according to wave group,waveform,amplitude,frequency and phase characteristics.Here a full suite of QC methods is presented,which advances the precision of synthetic seismograms and meets the needs of horizon interpretation.
引文
[1]王西文.岩性油气藏的储层预测及评价技术研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):511~517.Wang X W.Some techniques of reservoir prediction and evaluationfor lithologic deposits and their applications[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2004,43(6):511~517.
[2]屠志慧,成世琦,慈建发.有利砂体识别与解释[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,27(1):24~27.Tu Z H,Cheng S Q,Ci J F.Detection and interpretation ofsuperior Sand-body[J].Journal of Southwest PetroleumUniversity,2005,27(1):24~27.
[3]崔凤林,张向君,王世清.松辽盆地北部薄互层复杂构造的精细刻画方法与应用[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2005,30(4):501~508.Cui F L,Zhang X J,Wang S Q.Meticulous depictionmethodology and application of complicated structures ofreciprocal thin layers in northern song-liao basin[J].EarthScience(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2005,30(4):501~508.
[4]赵丽.合成地震记录在煤炭地震勘探中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2004,16(增刊):94~115.Zhao L.Application of synthetic seismic record in coal seismicprospecting[J].Coal Geology of China,2004,16:94~115.
[5]郭栋,韩文功.高分辨率地震资料综合解释技术及其应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):290~296.Guo D,Han W G.Comprehensive interpretation of high-resolution seismic data and application[J].Progress inExpioration Geophysics,2004,27(4):290~296.
[6]宋建国,王艳香.角度域合成地震记录制作[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(4):497~499.Song J G,Wang Y X.Synthetic seismogram in angle domain[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,28(4):497~499.
[7]靳玲,苏桂芝,刘桂兰,等.合成地震记录制作的影响因素及对策[J].石油物探,2004,43(3):267~271.Jin L,Su J Z,Liu G L,et al.Influencing factors in makingsynthetic seismogram and counter measures[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2004,43(3):267~271.
[8]Peter H.Robust wavelet estimation and quality measures[M].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.New Orleans,2006.
[9]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明.地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3):392~399.Gao J H,Wang W B,Zhu G M.On the Choice of WaveletFunctions for Seismic Data Processing[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysis,1996,39(3):392~399.
[10]石玉.塔河油田合成地震记录的制作及应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):400~403.Shi Y.The construction of synthetic seismogram and itsapplication in Tahe Oilfield[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum,2004,43(4):400~403.
[11]曾正明.合成地震记录层位标定方法改进[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):576~578.Zeng Z M.Improving horizons-labeling method on seismicsynthetic records[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(5):576~578.
[12]冯暄,刘财,杨宝俊,等.高精度合成地震记录制作方法及应用[J].世界地质,2001,20(4):389~395.Feng X,Liu C,Yang B J,et al.The producing method andthe application of synthetic seismogram of high precision[J].Global Geology,2001,20(4):389~395.
[13]于建国,路慎强,王金铎,等.测井约束反演技术在史南浊积砂体描述中的应用[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):77~83.Yu J G,Lu S Q,Wang J D,et al.The application of the logconstrained inversion description technique for turbiditesandstones in Shinan area[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum,,2001,40(2):77~83.
[14]李海涛,钮学民,孟宪军.复杂地质情况下的分类型合成地震记录标定技术———以孤南209井区为例[J].油气地球物理,2005,3(3):42~44.Li H T,Niu X M,Meng X J.The typical calibration of syntheticseismo-gram in complex geology--A case history of Gunan209area[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2005,3(3):42~44.
[15]张金伟,董臣强,张明振,等.孤东地区浅层声波曲线分析与校正[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(2):56~60.Zhang J W,Dong C Q,Zhang M Z,et al.Analysis andcorrection on acoustic logging curve in shallow formations ofGudong area[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2002,9(2):56~60.
[16]梁光河.地震子波提取方法研究[J].石油物探,1998,37(1):31~39.Liang G H.On the methods of seismic wavelet extraction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum1998,37(1):31~39.
[17]单刚义,韩立国,张丽华,等.子波整形提高合成地震记录质量[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(增刊):182~196.Shan G Y,Han L G,Zhang H L,etal.Using wavelet shapingto improve synthetic seismogram quality[J].Journal of JilinUniversity,2006,36:182~196.
[18]王西文,胡自多,田彦灿,王红旗,等.地震子波处理的二步法反褶积方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1167~1179.Wang X W,Hu Z D,Tian Y C,Wang H Q,et al.Study ofseismic wavelet processing method in two step deconvolution[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(4):1167~1179.
[19]冯暄,刘财,杨宝俊,等.分时窗提取地震子波及在合成地震记录中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,17(1):71~77.Feng X,Liu C,Yang B J,et al.The extractive method ofseismic wavelet in different time window and the applicationin synthetic seismogram[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,17(1):71~77.
[20]陈广军,张善文.对地震资料应用中几个常见问题的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):115~121.Chen G J,Zhang S W.Pondering on several common problemof seismic data application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(1):115~121.
[21]杨国权,王永刚,朱兆林,等.井间地震资料层位标定方法研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(3):217~219.Yang G Q,Wang Y G,Zhu Z L,et al.Stratigraphiccalibration method for seismic crosshole data[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2005,44(3):217~219
[22]Alireza B.Intergrated 3D seismic and petrophysical data ofthe Sarvak formation in the Persian Gulf[J].First break,November,2007,45~53.
[23]孙振涛,孟宪军,慎国强,等.高精度合成地震记录制作技术研究[J].石油地球物理探,2002,37(6):640~643.Sun Z T,Meng X J,Shen G Q,et al.The technology ofmaking high-precision synthetic seismogram[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2002,37(6):640~643.
[24]郝涛,朱伟.准噶尔盆地腹部高精度合成地震记录制作技术研究分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2005,28(4):16~121.Hao T,Zhu W.High-precision synthetic seismogram makingin the central of junggar basion[J].Natural Gas Explorationand Development,2005,28(4):16~121.
[25]马丽娟,金之钧.复杂断块构造的精细解释[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):688~692.Ma L J,Jin Z Y.Fine interpretation of complex fault-blockstructure[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(6):688~692.
[26]袁三一,陈小宏.一种新的地震子波提取与层速度反演方法[J].地球物理学进展.2008,23(1):198~205.Yuan S Y,Chen X H.A new method for seismic waveletextraction and interval velocity inversion[J].Progress inGeophysics,2008,23(1):198~205.
[2]屠志慧,成世琦,慈建发.有利砂体识别与解释[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,27(1):24~27.Tu Z H,Cheng S Q,Ci J F.Detection and interpretation ofsuperior Sand-body[J].Journal of Southwest PetroleumUniversity,2005,27(1):24~27.
[3]崔凤林,张向君,王世清.松辽盆地北部薄互层复杂构造的精细刻画方法与应用[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2005,30(4):501~508.Cui F L,Zhang X J,Wang S Q.Meticulous depictionmethodology and application of complicated structures ofreciprocal thin layers in northern song-liao basin[J].EarthScience(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2005,30(4):501~508.
[4]赵丽.合成地震记录在煤炭地震勘探中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2004,16(增刊):94~115.Zhao L.Application of synthetic seismic record in coal seismicprospecting[J].Coal Geology of China,2004,16:94~115.
[5]郭栋,韩文功.高分辨率地震资料综合解释技术及其应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):290~296.Guo D,Han W G.Comprehensive interpretation of high-resolution seismic data and application[J].Progress inExpioration Geophysics,2004,27(4):290~296.
[6]宋建国,王艳香.角度域合成地震记录制作[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(4):497~499.Song J G,Wang Y X.Synthetic seismogram in angle domain[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,28(4):497~499.
[7]靳玲,苏桂芝,刘桂兰,等.合成地震记录制作的影响因素及对策[J].石油物探,2004,43(3):267~271.Jin L,Su J Z,Liu G L,et al.Influencing factors in makingsynthetic seismogram and counter measures[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2004,43(3):267~271.
[8]Peter H.Robust wavelet estimation and quality measures[M].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting.New Orleans,2006.
[9]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明.地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3):392~399.Gao J H,Wang W B,Zhu G M.On the Choice of WaveletFunctions for Seismic Data Processing[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysis,1996,39(3):392~399.
[10]石玉.塔河油田合成地震记录的制作及应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):400~403.Shi Y.The construction of synthetic seismogram and itsapplication in Tahe Oilfield[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum,2004,43(4):400~403.
[11]曾正明.合成地震记录层位标定方法改进[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):576~578.Zeng Z M.Improving horizons-labeling method on seismicsynthetic records[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(5):576~578.
[12]冯暄,刘财,杨宝俊,等.高精度合成地震记录制作方法及应用[J].世界地质,2001,20(4):389~395.Feng X,Liu C,Yang B J,et al.The producing method andthe application of synthetic seismogram of high precision[J].Global Geology,2001,20(4):389~395.
[13]于建国,路慎强,王金铎,等.测井约束反演技术在史南浊积砂体描述中的应用[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):77~83.Yu J G,Lu S Q,Wang J D,et al.The application of the logconstrained inversion description technique for turbiditesandstones in Shinan area[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum,,2001,40(2):77~83.
[14]李海涛,钮学民,孟宪军.复杂地质情况下的分类型合成地震记录标定技术———以孤南209井区为例[J].油气地球物理,2005,3(3):42~44.Li H T,Niu X M,Meng X J.The typical calibration of syntheticseismo-gram in complex geology--A case history of Gunan209area[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2005,3(3):42~44.
[15]张金伟,董臣强,张明振,等.孤东地区浅层声波曲线分析与校正[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(2):56~60.Zhang J W,Dong C Q,Zhang M Z,et al.Analysis andcorrection on acoustic logging curve in shallow formations ofGudong area[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2002,9(2):56~60.
[16]梁光河.地震子波提取方法研究[J].石油物探,1998,37(1):31~39.Liang G H.On the methods of seismic wavelet extraction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum1998,37(1):31~39.
[17]单刚义,韩立国,张丽华,等.子波整形提高合成地震记录质量[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(增刊):182~196.Shan G Y,Han L G,Zhang H L,etal.Using wavelet shapingto improve synthetic seismogram quality[J].Journal of JilinUniversity,2006,36:182~196.
[18]王西文,胡自多,田彦灿,王红旗,等.地震子波处理的二步法反褶积方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1167~1179.Wang X W,Hu Z D,Tian Y C,Wang H Q,et al.Study ofseismic wavelet processing method in two step deconvolution[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(4):1167~1179.
[19]冯暄,刘财,杨宝俊,等.分时窗提取地震子波及在合成地震记录中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,17(1):71~77.Feng X,Liu C,Yang B J,et al.The extractive method ofseismic wavelet in different time window and the applicationin synthetic seismogram[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,17(1):71~77.
[20]陈广军,张善文.对地震资料应用中几个常见问题的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):115~121.Chen G J,Zhang S W.Pondering on several common problemof seismic data application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(1):115~121.
[21]杨国权,王永刚,朱兆林,等.井间地震资料层位标定方法研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(3):217~219.Yang G Q,Wang Y G,Zhu Z L,et al.Stratigraphiccalibration method for seismic crosshole data[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2005,44(3):217~219
[22]Alireza B.Intergrated 3D seismic and petrophysical data ofthe Sarvak formation in the Persian Gulf[J].First break,November,2007,45~53.
[23]孙振涛,孟宪军,慎国强,等.高精度合成地震记录制作技术研究[J].石油地球物理探,2002,37(6):640~643.Sun Z T,Meng X J,Shen G Q,et al.The technology ofmaking high-precision synthetic seismogram[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2002,37(6):640~643.
[24]郝涛,朱伟.准噶尔盆地腹部高精度合成地震记录制作技术研究分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2005,28(4):16~121.Hao T,Zhu W.High-precision synthetic seismogram makingin the central of junggar basion[J].Natural Gas Explorationand Development,2005,28(4):16~121.
[25]马丽娟,金之钧.复杂断块构造的精细解释[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):688~692.Ma L J,Jin Z Y.Fine interpretation of complex fault-blockstructure[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(6):688~692.
[26]袁三一,陈小宏.一种新的地震子波提取与层速度反演方法[J].地球物理学进展.2008,23(1):198~205.Yuan S Y,Chen X H.A new method for seismic waveletextraction and interval velocity inversion[J].Progress inGeophysics,2008,23(1):198~205.
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