汶川特大地震之北川县城震害分析
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摘要
2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震在北川县城造成了巨大的破坏,导致上万人死亡,整个北川县城变为废墟。现场地震科考分析显示,造成北川县城建筑物和道路严重损毁以及人员重大伤亡的三个主要原因为:活断层错动产生的地表破裂效应,地震引发的次生地质灾害(崩塌、滑坡)和强地震动产生的振动破坏效应。北川县城主断裂和次级断裂沿线分布的建筑物震害较重,而邻近断裂的建筑物震害相对较轻;地震触发的王家岩滑坡和景家山崩塌对北川县城造成了极大的破坏,导致2000余人死亡;而振动破坏效应在北川县城普遍存在,它产生的水平剪切运动对建筑物的危害很严重。
MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008 caused Beichuan county massive damage,and resulted in more than ten thousands deaths.The whole Beichuan county town has become ruin.Based on the field seismic investigation,three principal causes of building and road's serious damage as well as personnel heavy casualties are given:the ground surface rupture effect caused by seismo-active fault movement,the secondary geological hazards (collapse and landslide) and the vibration failure effect caused by strong ground motion.Damage of buildings along the main fault and secondary faults were more serious,but destruction in adjacent buildings is relatively not severe.The Wangjiayan landslide and Jingjiashan collapse brought about huge damage to the Beichuan county town and led to more than 2000 people death.The effects of vibration failure were ubiquitous for all buildings,especially horizontal shear movement generated serious constructional damage.
MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008 caused Beichuan county massive damage,and resulted in more than ten thousands deaths.The whole Beichuan county town has become ruin.Based on the field seismic investigation,three principal causes of building and road's serious damage as well as personnel heavy casualties are given:the ground surface rupture effect caused by seismo-active fault movement,the secondary geological hazards (collapse and landslide) and the vibration failure effect caused by strong ground motion.Damage of buildings along the main fault and secondary faults were more serious,but destruction in adjacent buildings is relatively not severe.The Wangjiayan landslide and Jingjiashan collapse brought about huge damage to the Beichuan county town and led to more than 2000 people death.The effects of vibration failure were ubiquitous for all buildings,especially horizontal shear movement generated serious constructional damage.
引文
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[2]邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学[J].地震地质,1994,16(4):389-403.
[3]陈国光,计凤桔,周荣军,等.龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(3):657-673.
[4]唐荣昌,韩渭宾.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.
[5]张德藩.北川县城区山地灾害成因及防治对策[J].水利水电技术导报,1992,(1):22-28.
[6]谢和平,邓建辉,台佳佳,等.汶川大地震灾害与灾区重建的岩土工程问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1781-1791.
[7]黄润秋.20世纪以来中国的大型滑坡及其发生机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(3):433-454.
[8]黄润秋,许强.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[9]袁中夏,谭明,马占虎.汶川大地震四川省青川县砖混结构村镇房屋震害分析[J].西北地震学报,2008,30(4):317-325.
[10]董娣,桑向国,刘锐,等.震源机制对近场地震动反应谱的影响[J].西北地震学报,2008,30(1):6-10.
[11]梁庆国,韩文峰,赵士耀.垂直向地震作用对节理岩体失稳破坏的影响[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(4):307-313.
[12]刘齐茂,燕柳斌.强震作用下框架结构的优化设计[J].西北地震学报,2008,30(2):107-112.
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