基于能力谱的建筑物抗震能力研究——以汶川地震两栋钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震能力分析为例
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摘要
建筑物抗震能力是抗震设计、鉴定加固和地震风险评估的基础,以往的研究大多集中于建筑物震害预测,而非着意于它们的抗震能力,更不能给出定量指标以衡量抗震能力。采用Push-over分析方法得到的能力谱进行抗震能力研究,基于性态设计的思想给出建筑物相对抗震能力的定义,建立能力谱与抗震能力指数的关系,采用定量指标评定建筑物在不同地震作用下的相对抗震能力,并获得定性的性态描述;再根据建筑物达到预期设防水平的能力给出建筑物绝对抗震能力的定义,对能力谱进行等面积双线性化形成滞回模型,建立滞回面积与建筑物绝对抗震能力的关系,可以不依赖于地震作用评估建筑物的绝对抗震能力,不仅能够比较不同建筑物抗震能力的差异,还能估计建筑物实现预期设防水平的能力。以汶川地震中一栋倒塌、一栋严重破坏的钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震能力分析为例,通过抗震能力分析结果和实际震害的对比论证了该方法的有效性。
The seismic capacity of buildings is the basis of seismic design,seismic appraisal/retrofit and seismic damage assessment.Most of previous studies cannot present a quantitative index to scale the seismic capacity of buildings because the focus has been the seismic damage of buildings but not the seismic capacity.This paper presents a study on the seismic capacity using capacity spectrum and push-over analysis method.The definition of relative seismic capacity of buildings is proposed for performance-based seismic design.The relationship between capacity spectrum and seismic capacity index is established.The quantitative index is employed to scale the relative seismic capacity of buildings under different seismic actions,and the qualitative description of performance level is provided.The definition of absolute seismic capacity is proposed as the capacity of buildings reaching the seismic design level.A hysteretic model can be obtained from equal-area double-linearization of the capacity spectrum.The relationship between the hysteretic area and the absolute seismic capacity is established to assess the absolute seismic capacity without considering seismic action.The absolute seismic capacity assessment method can not only compare the difference between different buildings but also assess the capacity of buildings reaching the seismic design level.Two case studies of seismic capacity analysis are presented,one collapsed and the other seriously damaged reinforced concrete frame structures in the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.Comparison of the analysis results with the real seismic damages demonstrates the validity of the proposed method.
The seismic capacity of buildings is the basis of seismic design,seismic appraisal/retrofit and seismic damage assessment.Most of previous studies cannot present a quantitative index to scale the seismic capacity of buildings because the focus has been the seismic damage of buildings but not the seismic capacity.This paper presents a study on the seismic capacity using capacity spectrum and push-over analysis method.The definition of relative seismic capacity of buildings is proposed for performance-based seismic design.The relationship between capacity spectrum and seismic capacity index is established.The quantitative index is employed to scale the relative seismic capacity of buildings under different seismic actions,and the qualitative description of performance level is provided.The definition of absolute seismic capacity is proposed as the capacity of buildings reaching the seismic design level.A hysteretic model can be obtained from equal-area double-linearization of the capacity spectrum.The relationship between the hysteretic area and the absolute seismic capacity is established to assess the absolute seismic capacity without considering seismic action.The absolute seismic capacity assessment method can not only compare the difference between different buildings but also assess the capacity of buildings reaching the seismic design level.Two case studies of seismic capacity analysis are presented,one collapsed and the other seriously damaged reinforced concrete frame structures in the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.Comparison of the analysis results with the real seismic damages demonstrates the validity of the proposed method.
引文
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[2]谢礼立.汶川地震的教训[J].南京工业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(1):1-8(Xie Lili.Lessons learnt fromWenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Nanjing Universityof Technology:Natural Science Edition,2009,31(1):1-8(in Chinese))
[3]潘文.Push-over方法的理论与应用[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2005(Pan Wen.Theory and application ofPush-over procedure[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University ofArchitecture and Technology,2005(in Chinese))
[4]谢礼立.抗震性态设计和基于性态的抗震设防[J].工程建设标准化,2004(5):9-15
[5]马玉宏.基于性态的抗震设防标准研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2000(Ma Yuhong.Researchof performance-based seismic design criterion[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,ChinaEarthquake Administration,2000(in Chinese))
[6]Otani S.Seismic vulnerability assessment methods forbuildings in Japan[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Seismology,2000,2(2):47-56
[7]林世镔,谢礼立,公茂盛,等.城市建筑物抗震能力评估方法[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(4):31-37(LinShibin,Xie Lili,Gong Maosheng,et al.Methodologyfor estimating seismic capacity of city building[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2011,20(4):31-37(inChinese))
[8]Federal Emergency Management Agency.HAZUS-MH MR3earthquake model technical manual[M].Washington:FederalEmergency Management Agency,2003
[9]杨仕升,秦荣,赵小莲,等.建筑结构抗震能力评估技术的研究及应用[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(4):100-106(Yang Shisheng,Qin Rong,Zhao Xiaolian,et al.Research and application for technology of evaluatingaseismic capability of building structures[J].WorldEarthquake Engineering,2004,20(4):100-106(inChinese))
[10]Lin Shibin,Xie Lili,Gong Maosheng,et al.Performance-based methodology for assessing seismicvulnerability and capacity of buildings[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2010,9(2):157-165
[11]卓卫东,范立础.结构抗震设计中的强度折减系数研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(1):84-88(ZhuoWeidong,Fan Lichu.On strength reduction factorsused for seismic design of structures[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(1):84-88(in Chinese))
[12]GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001(GB 50011—2001Code for seismicdesign of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2001(in Chinese))
[13]张克绪,谢君斐.土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1989
[14]同济大学应用数学系.高等数学[M].第5版.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[15]Molina S,Lang D H,Lindholm C D.SELENA v3.5:user and technical manual[M].Norway:NORSAR,2008
[16]卢寿德,李小军.汶川8.0级地震未校正加速度记录[M].北京:地震出版社,2008
[2]谢礼立.汶川地震的教训[J].南京工业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(1):1-8(Xie Lili.Lessons learnt fromWenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Nanjing Universityof Technology:Natural Science Edition,2009,31(1):1-8(in Chinese))
[3]潘文.Push-over方法的理论与应用[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2005(Pan Wen.Theory and application ofPush-over procedure[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University ofArchitecture and Technology,2005(in Chinese))
[4]谢礼立.抗震性态设计和基于性态的抗震设防[J].工程建设标准化,2004(5):9-15
[5]马玉宏.基于性态的抗震设防标准研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2000(Ma Yuhong.Researchof performance-based seismic design criterion[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,ChinaEarthquake Administration,2000(in Chinese))
[6]Otani S.Seismic vulnerability assessment methods forbuildings in Japan[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Seismology,2000,2(2):47-56
[7]林世镔,谢礼立,公茂盛,等.城市建筑物抗震能力评估方法[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(4):31-37(LinShibin,Xie Lili,Gong Maosheng,et al.Methodologyfor estimating seismic capacity of city building[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2011,20(4):31-37(inChinese))
[8]Federal Emergency Management Agency.HAZUS-MH MR3earthquake model technical manual[M].Washington:FederalEmergency Management Agency,2003
[9]杨仕升,秦荣,赵小莲,等.建筑结构抗震能力评估技术的研究及应用[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(4):100-106(Yang Shisheng,Qin Rong,Zhao Xiaolian,et al.Research and application for technology of evaluatingaseismic capability of building structures[J].WorldEarthquake Engineering,2004,20(4):100-106(inChinese))
[10]Lin Shibin,Xie Lili,Gong Maosheng,et al.Performance-based methodology for assessing seismicvulnerability and capacity of buildings[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2010,9(2):157-165
[11]卓卫东,范立础.结构抗震设计中的强度折减系数研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(1):84-88(ZhuoWeidong,Fan Lichu.On strength reduction factorsused for seismic design of structures[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(1):84-88(in Chinese))
[12]GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001(GB 50011—2001Code for seismicdesign of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2001(in Chinese))
[13]张克绪,谢君斐.土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1989
[14]同济大学应用数学系.高等数学[M].第5版.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[15]Molina S,Lang D H,Lindholm C D.SELENA v3.5:user and technical manual[M].Norway:NORSAR,2008
[16]卢寿德,李小军.汶川8.0级地震未校正加速度记录[M].北京:地震出版社,2008
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