满加尔凹陷南缘志留系柯坪塔格组上段不同体系域内辫状三角洲砂体与储集性研究
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摘要
通过详细的岩心描述、测井相研究与近3000km地震剖面的精细解释,认为满加尔凹陷南缘在志留纪早期为缓坡大陆边缘,在满参2井与塔中32井、满南1井间的志留系柯坪塔格组上段底部识别出几近与志留系尖灭线平行的地层超覆线,此地层超覆线认为是满南地区志留系柯坪塔格组上段层序1中的初次海侵时期的海岸线。在此认识的基础上,结合钻井层序界面的有效识别,将塔中32井、塔中34井、满参2井与满南1井区志留系柯坪塔格组上段划分为2个三级层序,此2个层序中均有辫状三角洲砂体沉积,但"不同体系域同相砂体"的储集性具有不同特征,其主要影响因素是碎屑颗粒的粒径与分选、胶结物类型与含量、储集体经历不同的埋藏特征。位于斜坡低部位的满参2井区在层序1低位域内发育早期辫状三角洲前缘砂体沉积,主要储集砂体为前缘水下分流河道砂体,颗粒较细且成分成熟度较低。由于储集体埋深达5000m左右,且方解石胶结物含量高,致使储集性相对较差。而位于隆起区的塔中32井与34井区的主要储集体为层序1中海侵体系域内退积型辫状三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体,颗粒相对较粗,成分成熟度较高,且埋深相对较浅,胶结物含量较低,其孔渗特征明显好于低位域早期辫状三角洲前缘砂体。
Detailed core description, log study and intensive interpretation of nearly 3,000 km long seismic profiles show that the southern margin of the Manjia'er subbasin was a gentle slope continental margin in the Early Silurian. An onlap line that is nearly parallel to the pinching-out line of the Silurian is recognized at the bottom of the Upper Member of the Silurian Kalpintag Formation between well Mancan 2 and Tazhong 32. The onlap line is considered the coastline of the initial transgression in sequence 1 in the Upper Member of the Silurian Kalpintag Formation in the Mannan area. Based on the aforesaid understanding, combined with the effective recognition of the sequence boundary of wells, the Upper Member of the Silurian Kalpintag Formation in the Tazhong 32, Tazhong 34, Mancan 2 and Mancan 1 well areas is divided into two third-order sequences. Braided-delta deposits occur in both sequences but the oil storage capacities of "the sandstones of the same facies in different systems tracts" have different features. The main influence factors are the grain size and sorting of detrital grains, types and contents of cements and different burial characters of the reservoirs. The early-stage braided-delta front deposits are developed in the lowstand systems tract (LST) of sequence 1 in the Mancan 2 well area in the lower part of the slope. The main reservoir sandstone is subaqueous distributary channel sandstone of the braided-delta front, where the grains are relatively fine and the compositional maturity is relatively low. As the reservoir is buried at ~5,000 m depth and the calcite cement content is high, the storage capacity is relatively poor. By contrast, the main reservoir in the Tazhong 32 and 34 wells area in the uplift is subaqueous distributary channel sandstone of the regressive braided-delta front in the transgressive systems tract of sequence 1. As such sandstone is characterized by relatively coarse grains, relatively high compositional maturity, relatively shallow burial depth and relatively low cement contents, its porosity and permeability are notably better than those of the early-stage subaqueous distributary channel sandstone of the braided-delta front in LST.
Detailed core description, log study and intensive interpretation of nearly 3,000 km long seismic profiles show that the southern margin of the Manjia'er subbasin was a gentle slope continental margin in the Early Silurian. An onlap line that is nearly parallel to the pinching-out line of the Silurian is recognized at the bottom of the Upper Member of the Silurian Kalpintag Formation between well Mancan 2 and Tazhong 32. The onlap line is considered the coastline of the initial transgression in sequence 1 in the Upper Member of the Silurian Kalpintag Formation in the Mannan area. Based on the aforesaid understanding, combined with the effective recognition of the sequence boundary of wells, the Upper Member of the Silurian Kalpintag Formation in the Tazhong 32, Tazhong 34, Mancan 2 and Mancan 1 well areas is divided into two third-order sequences. Braided-delta deposits occur in both sequences but the oil storage capacities of "the sandstones of the same facies in different systems tracts" have different features. The main influence factors are the grain size and sorting of detrital grains, types and contents of cements and different burial characters of the reservoirs. The early-stage braided-delta front deposits are developed in the lowstand systems tract (LST) of sequence 1 in the Mancan 2 well area in the lower part of the slope. The main reservoir sandstone is subaqueous distributary channel sandstone of the braided-delta front, where the grains are relatively fine and the compositional maturity is relatively low. As the reservoir is buried at ~5,000 m depth and the calcite cement content is high, the storage capacity is relatively poor. By contrast, the main reservoir in the Tazhong 32 and 34 wells area in the uplift is subaqueous distributary channel sandstone of the regressive braided-delta front in the transgressive systems tract of sequence 1. As such sandstone is characterized by relatively coarse grains, relatively high compositional maturity, relatively shallow burial depth and relatively low cement contents, its porosity and permeability are notably better than those of the early-stage subaqueous distributary channel sandstone of the braided-delta front in LST.
引文
[1]顾家裕.塔里木盆地沉积层序特征及其演化[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.Gu Jiayu.sedimentary Sequence and Evolution in Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996(in Chinese).
[2]朱筱敏.塔里木盆地志留系与泥盆系碎屑潮坪沉积[C]//王英华等编.沉积学及岩相古地理新进展.北京:石油工业出版社,1995:166-169.Zhu Xiaomin.The clastic tidal flat deposition of Silurian and Devonian in Tarim basin[C]//Wang yinhua et al(eds).Advances in Sedimentology and Lithofacies Paleography.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995:166-169(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]齐永安.遗迹化石与潮控滨浅海泛面的识别与准层序相组合-以塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组为例[J].矿物岩石,1998,18(4):12-16.Qi Yongan.Trace fossils and recognition of flooding surface and facies associationa of parasequnences in tide-controlled shorelines[J].Journal of Mineral Petrology,1998,18(4):12-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]陈方鸿,王贵文.塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系测井层序地层学研究[J].沉积学报,1999,17(1):58-62.Chen Fanghong,Wang Guiwen.On logging-sequence stratigraphy of Silurian in Tazhong area[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(1):58-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]朱筱敏,王贵文,谢庆宾.塔里木盆地志留系沉积体系及分布特征[J].石油大学学报,2002,26(3):5-12.Zhu Xiaomin,Wang Guiwen,Xie Qingbin.Characteristics and distribution of depositional systems of Silurian in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2002,26(3):5-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]李向东,李强.塔里木及邻区晚古生代早期古气候与构造[J].新疆地质,1996,14(4):306-315.Li Xiangdong,Li Qiang.Paleoclimate and tectonics of Tarim and neighboring area of early late Paleozoic[J].Xinjiang Geology,1996,14(4):306-315(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]高志勇,朱如凯,郭宏莉,等.塔中志留系下沥青砂岩段砂体成因分析[J].古地理学报,2006,8(4):477-485.Gao Zhiyong,Zhu Rukai,Guo Hongli,et al.Origin analysis of sandbodies of the lower bitumen-bearing sandstone member of Silurian in Tazhong area[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(4):477-485(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]高志勇,朱如凯,郭宏莉,等.海侵背景下风暴控制的滨岸-陆棚砂体研究――以塔中志留系下沥青砂岩段为例[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):468-475.Gao Zhiyong,Zhu Rukai,Guo Hongli,et al.Study on transgressive storm-dominated shorline-neritic shelf sandbody:a case of the lower bitumen-bearing sandstone member of Silurian in Tazhong area[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(4):468-475(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]施振生,杨威,郭长敏,等.塔里木盆地志留纪沉积层序构成及充填响应特征[J].沉积学报,2007,25(3):401-408.Shi Zhensheng,Yangwei,Guo Changmin,et al.Depositional sequence and filling response characteristics of Silurian in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sin ica,2007,25(3):401-408(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]王成林,张惠良,李玉文,等.塔里木盆地志留系划分、对比及其地质意义[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(2):185-188.Wang Chenglin,Zhang Huiliang,Li Yuwen,et al.Stratigraphic division,correlation and geologic significance of Silurian in Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,28(2):185-188(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]贾进华,张宝民,朱世海,等.塔里木盆地志留纪地层、沉积特征与岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2006,8(3):339-352.Jia Jinhua,Zhang Baomin,Zhu Shihai.Stratigraphy,sedimentary characteristics and lithofacies palaeogeography of the Silurian in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(3):339-352(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]郭少斌,洪克岩.塔里木盆地志留系—泥盆系层序地层及有利储层分布[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):44-50.Guo Shaobin,Hong Keyan.Silurian-Devonian sequence stratigraphy and favorable reservoir distribution in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolel Sinica,2007,28(3):44-50(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟,等.塔里木盆地柯坪断隆断裂构造分析[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):37-43.He Wenyuan,Li Jianghai,Qian Xianglin,et al.Analysis of fault structures in the Kalpin fault uplift,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2002,29(1):37-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]朱筱敏,张强,吕雪雁,等.塔里木盆地塔北与塔中地区东河砂岩段沉积特征对比[J].中国地质,2005,32(4):648-654.Zhu Xiaomin,Zhang Qiang,Lv Xueyan,et al.Comparison of the sedimentary characteristics of the Donghe sandstone between the Tabei and Tazhong areas,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2005,32(4):648-654(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]罗金海,车自成,周新源,等.塔里木盆地西部中生代早期伸展作用的辉绿岩证据[J].中国地质,2006,33(3):566-571.Luo Jinhai,Che Zicheng,Zhou Xinyuan,et al.Diabase evidence for the early Mesozoic extension in the western Tarim basin,NW China[J].Geology in China,2006,33(3):566-571(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]刘静江,刘池洋,孙洪海.塔里木盆地轮南地区奥陶系沉积储层研究新进展[J].中国地质,2007,34(3):515-521.Liu Jingjiang,Liu Chiyang,Sun Honghai.New advances in the study of Ordovician sedimentary reservoirs in Lunnan,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2007,34(3):515-521(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]朱如凯,郭宏莉,高志勇,等.塔里木盆地北部地区白垩系—古近系储集性与储层评价[J].中国地质,2007,34(5):837-842.Zhu Rukai,Guo Hongli,Gao Zhiyong,et al.Characteristics and evaluation of Cretaceous-Paleogene reservoirs in the northern Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2007,34(5):837-842(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]谢晓安,王仁德,李光文,等.塔里木盆地满加尔南切割谷的成因探讨与石油地质意义浅析[J].沉积学报,1996,14(2):41-46.Xie Xiaoan,Wang Rende,Li Guangwen,et al.The origin of erosional valley of Southen Manjiaer sag in Tarim basin and analysis about its petroleum geology significance[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(2):41-46(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]刘豪,王英民.塔里木盆地早古生代古地貌--坡折带特征及对地层岩性圈闭的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(3):297-304.Liu Hao,Wang Yingmin.Early Paleozoic palaeogeomorphology-characeristics of slope break zones and their control on stratigraphic-lithologic traps in Tarim basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology2005,26(3):297-304(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]张鑫,张金亮,覃利娟.塔里木盆地志留系柯坪塔格组砂岩岩石学特征与物源分析[J].矿物岩石,2007,27(3):106-115.Zhang Xin,Zhang Jinliang,Tan Lijuan.Petrological characteristics and province analysis of sandstones in the Kepingtage Formation of Silurian in the Tarim Basin[J].J Mineral Petrol,2007,27(3):106-115(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21][英]H.G.里丁主编.沉积环境和相[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.Reading H G.Sedimentary Environments and Facies[M].Beijing:Science Press,1986(in Chinese).
[22]Van Wagoner J C,Mitchum R M,Campion K M,et al.Silliciclastic sequence stratigraphiy in well logs,cores and outcrops:conceps for high resolution correlation of time and facies,AAPG,Methods in Exploration Series,1990,7:1-152.
[23]D Emery,K J Myers.Sequence stratigraphy[M].Oxford:Blackwell Science,1996:1-213.
[2]朱筱敏.塔里木盆地志留系与泥盆系碎屑潮坪沉积[C]//王英华等编.沉积学及岩相古地理新进展.北京:石油工业出版社,1995:166-169.Zhu Xiaomin.The clastic tidal flat deposition of Silurian and Devonian in Tarim basin[C]//Wang yinhua et al(eds).Advances in Sedimentology and Lithofacies Paleography.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995:166-169(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]齐永安.遗迹化石与潮控滨浅海泛面的识别与准层序相组合-以塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组为例[J].矿物岩石,1998,18(4):12-16.Qi Yongan.Trace fossils and recognition of flooding surface and facies associationa of parasequnences in tide-controlled shorelines[J].Journal of Mineral Petrology,1998,18(4):12-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]陈方鸿,王贵文.塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系测井层序地层学研究[J].沉积学报,1999,17(1):58-62.Chen Fanghong,Wang Guiwen.On logging-sequence stratigraphy of Silurian in Tazhong area[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(1):58-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]朱筱敏,王贵文,谢庆宾.塔里木盆地志留系沉积体系及分布特征[J].石油大学学报,2002,26(3):5-12.Zhu Xiaomin,Wang Guiwen,Xie Qingbin.Characteristics and distribution of depositional systems of Silurian in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2002,26(3):5-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]李向东,李强.塔里木及邻区晚古生代早期古气候与构造[J].新疆地质,1996,14(4):306-315.Li Xiangdong,Li Qiang.Paleoclimate and tectonics of Tarim and neighboring area of early late Paleozoic[J].Xinjiang Geology,1996,14(4):306-315(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]高志勇,朱如凯,郭宏莉,等.塔中志留系下沥青砂岩段砂体成因分析[J].古地理学报,2006,8(4):477-485.Gao Zhiyong,Zhu Rukai,Guo Hongli,et al.Origin analysis of sandbodies of the lower bitumen-bearing sandstone member of Silurian in Tazhong area[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(4):477-485(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]高志勇,朱如凯,郭宏莉,等.海侵背景下风暴控制的滨岸-陆棚砂体研究――以塔中志留系下沥青砂岩段为例[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):468-475.Gao Zhiyong,Zhu Rukai,Guo Hongli,et al.Study on transgressive storm-dominated shorline-neritic shelf sandbody:a case of the lower bitumen-bearing sandstone member of Silurian in Tazhong area[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(4):468-475(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]施振生,杨威,郭长敏,等.塔里木盆地志留纪沉积层序构成及充填响应特征[J].沉积学报,2007,25(3):401-408.Shi Zhensheng,Yangwei,Guo Changmin,et al.Depositional sequence and filling response characteristics of Silurian in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sin ica,2007,25(3):401-408(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]王成林,张惠良,李玉文,等.塔里木盆地志留系划分、对比及其地质意义[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(2):185-188.Wang Chenglin,Zhang Huiliang,Li Yuwen,et al.Stratigraphic division,correlation and geologic significance of Silurian in Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,28(2):185-188(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]贾进华,张宝民,朱世海,等.塔里木盆地志留纪地层、沉积特征与岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2006,8(3):339-352.Jia Jinhua,Zhang Baomin,Zhu Shihai.Stratigraphy,sedimentary characteristics and lithofacies palaeogeography of the Silurian in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2006,8(3):339-352(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]郭少斌,洪克岩.塔里木盆地志留系—泥盆系层序地层及有利储层分布[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):44-50.Guo Shaobin,Hong Keyan.Silurian-Devonian sequence stratigraphy and favorable reservoir distribution in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolel Sinica,2007,28(3):44-50(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟,等.塔里木盆地柯坪断隆断裂构造分析[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):37-43.He Wenyuan,Li Jianghai,Qian Xianglin,et al.Analysis of fault structures in the Kalpin fault uplift,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2002,29(1):37-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]朱筱敏,张强,吕雪雁,等.塔里木盆地塔北与塔中地区东河砂岩段沉积特征对比[J].中国地质,2005,32(4):648-654.Zhu Xiaomin,Zhang Qiang,Lv Xueyan,et al.Comparison of the sedimentary characteristics of the Donghe sandstone between the Tabei and Tazhong areas,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2005,32(4):648-654(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]罗金海,车自成,周新源,等.塔里木盆地西部中生代早期伸展作用的辉绿岩证据[J].中国地质,2006,33(3):566-571.Luo Jinhai,Che Zicheng,Zhou Xinyuan,et al.Diabase evidence for the early Mesozoic extension in the western Tarim basin,NW China[J].Geology in China,2006,33(3):566-571(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]刘静江,刘池洋,孙洪海.塔里木盆地轮南地区奥陶系沉积储层研究新进展[J].中国地质,2007,34(3):515-521.Liu Jingjiang,Liu Chiyang,Sun Honghai.New advances in the study of Ordovician sedimentary reservoirs in Lunnan,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2007,34(3):515-521(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]朱如凯,郭宏莉,高志勇,等.塔里木盆地北部地区白垩系—古近系储集性与储层评价[J].中国地质,2007,34(5):837-842.Zhu Rukai,Guo Hongli,Gao Zhiyong,et al.Characteristics and evaluation of Cretaceous-Paleogene reservoirs in the northern Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2007,34(5):837-842(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]谢晓安,王仁德,李光文,等.塔里木盆地满加尔南切割谷的成因探讨与石油地质意义浅析[J].沉积学报,1996,14(2):41-46.Xie Xiaoan,Wang Rende,Li Guangwen,et al.The origin of erosional valley of Southen Manjiaer sag in Tarim basin and analysis about its petroleum geology significance[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1996,14(2):41-46(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]刘豪,王英民.塔里木盆地早古生代古地貌--坡折带特征及对地层岩性圈闭的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(3):297-304.Liu Hao,Wang Yingmin.Early Paleozoic palaeogeomorphology-characeristics of slope break zones and their control on stratigraphic-lithologic traps in Tarim basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology2005,26(3):297-304(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]张鑫,张金亮,覃利娟.塔里木盆地志留系柯坪塔格组砂岩岩石学特征与物源分析[J].矿物岩石,2007,27(3):106-115.Zhang Xin,Zhang Jinliang,Tan Lijuan.Petrological characteristics and province analysis of sandstones in the Kepingtage Formation of Silurian in the Tarim Basin[J].J Mineral Petrol,2007,27(3):106-115(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21][英]H.G.里丁主编.沉积环境和相[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.Reading H G.Sedimentary Environments and Facies[M].Beijing:Science Press,1986(in Chinese).
[22]Van Wagoner J C,Mitchum R M,Campion K M,et al.Silliciclastic sequence stratigraphiy in well logs,cores and outcrops:conceps for high resolution correlation of time and facies,AAPG,Methods in Exploration Series,1990,7:1-152.
[23]D Emery,K J Myers.Sequence stratigraphy[M].Oxford:Blackwell Science,1996:1-213.
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