中小学建筑抗震设防情况的抽样调查与分析
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摘要
配合全国中小学校舍安全工程的实施,抽样调查了8 km2范围内中小学建筑(包括幼儿园、特殊学校等),共64个校区368个单体,总建筑面积约47万m2。通过调阅现存的土建资料和现场实地勘察房屋,按照一级抗震鉴定的条文要求对房屋的主要抗震设防指标进行复核,逐栋建立档案为后面的工作提供基础资料。调查结论分为暂缓检测鉴定、检测鉴定价值不大和建议进一步检测鉴定三类。暂缓进行检测鉴定的房屋情况相对较好,检测鉴定工作可延后开展;检测鉴定价值不大的房屋结构状况很差,估算其加固改造费用较高,后期工作的价值不大;需要进一步检测鉴定的房屋整体状况尚可,但其某些指标不满足相关要求或不详,应尽早开展检测震鉴定和加固改造。暂缓检测鉴定、检测鉴定价值不大和建议进一步检测鉴定等三类房屋的面积比分别为32.6%,6.2%和61.2%。结合2008年汶川地震的震害资料,对被调查房屋的主要抗震设防缺陷情况进行了汇总分析,并据此提出了一些建议。
For the process of safety engineering of school buildings in China,sample investigation for seismic fortification of school buildings(including primary school,middle school and kindergarten) in an area of about 8 square kilometers was done.368 school buildings,with the total floor space of about 470,000 square meters,are located in 64 school campuses.This work was finished mainly by browsing engineering drawings and surveying site.In order to guide the future work for seismic appraisal and retrofit,individual file for each building was established by check according to the demand of the first grade seismic appraisal.The buildings were rated into 3 classifications as GOOD,POOR,and UNCERTAIN.The "GOOD" means that these buildings are in relative good condition and the work for appraisal should be put off.The "POOR" means that these buildings are in bad condition and the fee of reinforcement is very expensive,which may mean worthless for more work.The "UNCERTAIN" means that some indices for seismic fortification are uncertain and hence need further appraisal now.The ratio of floor area for these 3 kinds of school buildings is about 32.6%,6.2% and 61.2%.Referring to building damage caused by 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake of 2008,the main defects of seismic fortification in the investigated school buildings were summarized and analyzed.Some suggestions were proposed for the future work.
For the process of safety engineering of school buildings in China,sample investigation for seismic fortification of school buildings(including primary school,middle school and kindergarten) in an area of about 8 square kilometers was done.368 school buildings,with the total floor space of about 470,000 square meters,are located in 64 school campuses.This work was finished mainly by browsing engineering drawings and surveying site.In order to guide the future work for seismic appraisal and retrofit,individual file for each building was established by check according to the demand of the first grade seismic appraisal.The buildings were rated into 3 classifications as GOOD,POOR,and UNCERTAIN.The "GOOD" means that these buildings are in relative good condition and the work for appraisal should be put off.The "POOR" means that these buildings are in bad condition and the fee of reinforcement is very expensive,which may mean worthless for more work.The "UNCERTAIN" means that some indices for seismic fortification are uncertain and hence need further appraisal now.The ratio of floor area for these 3 kinds of school buildings is about 32.6%,6.2% and 61.2%.Referring to building damage caused by 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake of 2008,the main defects of seismic fortification in the investigated school buildings were summarized and analyzed.Some suggestions were proposed for the future work.
引文
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[8]李翔,吕西林,李建中,等.汶川地震中广元市底层框架结构房屋震害调查与分析[J].结构工程师,2008,24(2):12-15.Li X,Lu X L,Li J Z,et al.Damage investigation andanalysis of multistory masonry buildings supported byRC frames in Guangyuan after Wenchuan earthquake[J].Structural Engineers,2008,24(2):12-15.(inChinese)
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[2]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50003—2001砌体结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.People’s Republic of China Ministry of Construction.GB 50003—2001 Code for Design of MasonryStructures[S].Beijing:China Architecture&BuildingPress,2001.(in Chinese)
[3]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50003—2001混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.People’s Republic of China Ministry of Construction.GB 50003—2001 Code for Design of ConcreteStructures[S].Beijing:China Architecture&BuildingPress,2001.(in Chinese)
[4]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范(2008年版)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.People’s Republic of China Ministry of Construction.GB 50011—2001 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[5]中华人民共和国建设部.JGJ 116—2009建筑抗震加固技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.People’s Republic of China Ministry of Construction.JGJ 116—2009 Technical Specification for SeismicStrengthening of Buildings[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[6]任晓崧,吕西林,李建中,等.5.12四川汶川地震后同青川房屋应急评估中砖砌体房屋的震害情况初探[J].结构工程师,2008,24(2):3-8.Ren X S,Lu X L,Li J Z,et al.An analytical approachto seismic damage information of the masonry buildingsin Qinchuan county under 5.12 Wenchuan earthquakecollected in site urgent structural evaluation[J].Structural Engineers,2008,24(2):3-8.(in Chinese)
[7]李建中,吕西林,李翔,等.汶川地震中钢筋混凝土框架的震害[J].结构工程师,2008,24(2):9-11.Li J Z,Lu X L,Li X,et al.Seismic damage ofreinforced concrete frame structures in Wenchuanearthquake[J].Structural Engineers,2008,24(2):9-11.(in Chinese)
[8]李翔,吕西林,李建中,等.汶川地震中广元市底层框架结构房屋震害调查与分析[J].结构工程师,2008,24(2):12-15.Li X,Lu X L,Li J Z,et al.Damage investigation andanalysis of multistory masonry buildings supported byRC frames in Guangyuan after Wenchuan earthquake[J].Structural Engineers,2008,24(2):12-15.(inChinese)
[9]任晓崧,翁大根,吕西林.四川灾区砌体结构房屋震害与中小学建筑的抗震设计[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2008,30(4):71-76.Ren X S,Weng D G,Lu X L.Earthquake damage ofmasonry buildings in Sichuan province and discussionon seismic design for primary and middle schoolbuildings[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering andRetrofiting,2008,30(4):71-76.(in Chinese)
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