海南地幔柱与南海形成演化
|
摘要
东南亚上地幔地震层析成像表明,海南岛周围之下存在地幔柱,近垂直的低波速柱体位于海南岛及南海之下,从浅部向下穿越660km的不连续面处(上下地幔的分界面)并一直延伸到1900km。南海及周边地区包括雷琼半岛、海南岛、北部湾盆地、广西北海涠洲岛、以及中南半岛等地,分布有一定量的新生代碱性玄武岩,它们的地球化学数据显示出OIB的特点并具有DUPAL异常,表明其源区较深。此外,由南海新生代碱性玄武岩中的橄榄石-流体平衡所推导的南海底地幔潜在温度(1661℃)位于夏威夷(1688℃)与冰岛热点(1637℃)相应值之间,为海南岛地幔柱的存在提供了岩石学及矿物化学方面的约束。基于以上地球物理学、地球化学及矿物化学方面的证据,结合数字模拟实验资料,表明在海南岛及邻近区域之下存在地幔柱。建立了一个南海形成演化的初步模型:(1)50～32Ma,印度洋板块-欧亚板块碰撞及其所导致的太平洋板块后退的综合效应为南海地区提供了一个伸展环境,进而为地幔柱物质的上升提供了通道;(2)32～21Ma,当地幔柱柱头到达软流圈时,由于侧向物质流与扩张中心发生相互作用,促进了南海的扩张,并在26～24Ma期间发生了洋脊重新就位,使扩张中心从原来的18°N附近(即现今西北海盆的中心)调整到15.5°N附近(即现今的东部亚盆);(3)21～15.5Ma,随着地幔柱效应的逐渐增强,热点-洋脊相互作用越来越强烈,在大约21Ma发生了洋脊的再次重新就位事件,诱发了西南海盆的扩张;(4)15.5Ma～现在,由于印澳板块前缘与巽他大陆碰撞,使得南海大约在15.5Ma停止扩张,并沿着南沙海槽及吕宋海沟向菲律宾岛弧及巴拉望地块之下俯冲,而南海热点继续活动,直到第四纪还有碱性玄武岩喷出地表。
Seismic tomographic images obtained from the mantle under the southeast Asia region indicate there may exist a mantle plume beneath and around the Hainan island.A sub-vertical low-velocity column is imaged beneath the Hainan and the South China Sea,and extends from shallow depths to 660-km seismic discontinuity(i.e.,the interface between upper mantle and lower mantle),and continuously to a depht of 1900 km.There is a large quantity of Cenozoic alkali basalts distributed in the South China Sea and its adjacent areas which include Leiqiong Peninsula,Hainan Island,Beibuwan Basin,Weizhou Island in Guangxi province and Indochina block.The geochemical data for these basalts show the characteristics of OIB-type basalt and DUPAL-like isotopic anomaly,and imply its deep-seated origin.In addition,the average value of Tp(mantle potential temperature)for the South China Sea inferred from olivine-fluid equilibrium,is 1661℃,which is higher than that of MORB and lies between the corresponding values of Hawaii hotspot and Iceland hotspot.Based on evidences mentioned above,combined with numerical model experimental data,it shows that there does exist a mantle plume beneath the Hainan Island and adjacent areas.Until recently,scholars have developed many models about the formation and evolution of the South China Sea,and the debating issue is the geodynamic source.We suggest that the Hainan plume may be a significant geodynamical source for the formation and evolution of the South China Sea.Here the Hainan plume is introduced into our preliminary model about the formation and evolution of the South China Sea.The model is as follows:(1)50-32 Ma,Integrated effects of collision between thd Indian Ocean plate and Euro-Asian plate resulted in retrogression of Pacific plate,created a extensional tectonic setting,and provided a channel for ascent of the mantle plume;(2)32-21 Ma.When the head of mantle plume arrived at asthenosphere,it immediately interacted with the spreading center of the South China Sea by lateral material flow,which enhanced spreading spead.During 26-24 Ma,there took place a ridge jump,which adjusted the spreading center from nearby 18。N(i.e.,present-day center of NW sub-basin)to nearby 15.5。N(i.e.,present-day center of East sub-basin);(3)21-15.5 Ma.With the mantle plume effect gradually enhancing,the hotspot-spreading center interaction became more and more intensive,and at about 21 Ma,there took place a ridge jump again,and induced the opening of SW sub-basin;(4)15.5-0 Ma.Due to collision between the Indo-Australian plate and the Sunda continent,the spreading stopped.Subsequently,the earlier formed oceanic crust subducted along Nansha trench and Manila trench.However,the mantle plume still existed up to now.An actual evidence is:since the Pliocene a large amount of alkali basalt erupted in the South China Sea and its adjacent areas.
Seismic tomographic images obtained from the mantle under the southeast Asia region indicate there may exist a mantle plume beneath and around the Hainan island.A sub-vertical low-velocity column is imaged beneath the Hainan and the South China Sea,and extends from shallow depths to 660-km seismic discontinuity(i.e.,the interface between upper mantle and lower mantle),and continuously to a depht of 1900 km.There is a large quantity of Cenozoic alkali basalts distributed in the South China Sea and its adjacent areas which include Leiqiong Peninsula,Hainan Island,Beibuwan Basin,Weizhou Island in Guangxi province and Indochina block.The geochemical data for these basalts show the characteristics of OIB-type basalt and DUPAL-like isotopic anomaly,and imply its deep-seated origin.In addition,the average value of Tp(mantle potential temperature)for the South China Sea inferred from olivine-fluid equilibrium,is 1661℃,which is higher than that of MORB and lies between the corresponding values of Hawaii hotspot and Iceland hotspot.Based on evidences mentioned above,combined with numerical model experimental data,it shows that there does exist a mantle plume beneath the Hainan Island and adjacent areas.Until recently,scholars have developed many models about the formation and evolution of the South China Sea,and the debating issue is the geodynamic source.We suggest that the Hainan plume may be a significant geodynamical source for the formation and evolution of the South China Sea.Here the Hainan plume is introduced into our preliminary model about the formation and evolution of the South China Sea.The model is as follows:(1)50-32 Ma,Integrated effects of collision between thd Indian Ocean plate and Euro-Asian plate resulted in retrogression of Pacific plate,created a extensional tectonic setting,and provided a channel for ascent of the mantle plume;(2)32-21 Ma.When the head of mantle plume arrived at asthenosphere,it immediately interacted with the spreading center of the South China Sea by lateral material flow,which enhanced spreading spead.During 26-24 Ma,there took place a ridge jump,which adjusted the spreading center from nearby 18。N(i.e.,present-day center of NW sub-basin)to nearby 15.5。N(i.e.,present-day center of East sub-basin);(3)21-15.5 Ma.With the mantle plume effect gradually enhancing,the hotspot-spreading center interaction became more and more intensive,and at about 21 Ma,there took place a ridge jump again,and induced the opening of SW sub-basin;(4)15.5-0 Ma.Due to collision between the Indo-Australian plate and the Sunda continent,the spreading stopped.Subsequently,the earlier formed oceanic crust subducted along Nansha trench and Manila trench.However,the mantle plume still existed up to now.An actual evidence is:since the Pliocene a large amount of alkali basalt erupted in the South China Sea and its adjacent areas.
引文
①鄢全树,石学法.2005.全国岩石学和地球动力学研讨会论文集(杭州).91-92.
Anderson D L.2005.Scoring hotspots:The plume and plate paradigms.In:Foulger G R,Natland J H,Presnall D C,et al eds.Plates,Plumes,and Paradigms:Geological Society of America Special,388,31-54.
Briais A,Patriat P,Tapponier P.1993.Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea:Implications for the Tertiary Tectonics of Southeast Asia.Journal of Geophysical Research,98(B4):6299-6328.
Braitenberg C,Wienecke S,Wang Y.2006.Basement structures from satellite-derived gravity field:South China Sea Ridge,Journal of Geophysical Research,111,B05407,doi:10.1029/2005JB003938.
Castillo P.1998.The Dupal anomaly as a trace of the upwelling lower mantle.Nature,336:667-670.
陈国达.1988.中国东部后地台造山带新生代盆地成因一解.大地构造与成矿学,12(1):1-5.[Chen Guoda.1988.An explanation on the formation cause of the Cenozoic basins in the post-platform orogenic belts of East China.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,12(1):1-5.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Clift P,Lin J.2001.Preferential mantle lithospheric extension under the South China margin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,18:929-945.
Clift P,Lin J,Barckhausen U.2002.Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust during continental break-up in the South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,19:951-970.
Davies G F.2005.A case for mantle plumes.Chinese Science Bulletin,50:1541-1554.
Flower F J,Zhang M,Chen C Y,et al.1992.Magmatism in the South China Basin2.Post-spreading Quaternary basalts from Hainan Island,south China.Chemical geology,97(1-2):65-87.
Hamelin B,Allègre C J.1985.Large scale regional units in the depleted upper mantle revealed by an isotopic study of the south-west Indian ridge.Nature,315:196-198.
Hart S R.1984.A large-scale isotope anomaly in the southern hemisphere mantle.Nature,309:753-757.
Hoang N,Flower M,Carlson R W.1996.Major,trace element,and isotopic compositions of Vietnamese basalts:interaction of hydrous EM1-rich asthenosphere with thinned Eurasian lithosphere.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,60(22):4329-4351.
Hoang N,Flower M.1998.Petrogenesis of Cenozoic basalts from Vietnam:implication for origins of a‘Diffuse Igneous Province,.Journal of Petrology,39(3):369-395.
黄福林.1986.论南海的地壳结构及深部过程.海洋地质与第四纪地质,6(1):31-40.[Huang Fulin.1986.Study on t he crustal structure and deep processes of the South China Sea.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,6(1):31-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
贾大成,丘学林,胡瑞忠,等,2003.北部湾玄武岩地幔源区性质的地球化学示踪及其构造环境.热带海洋学报,22(2):30-39.[Jia Dacheng,Qiu Xuelin,Hu Ruizhong,et al.2003.Geochemical nature of mantle reservoirs and tectonic setting of basalts in Beibu Gulf and its adjacent region.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,22(2):30-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Karason H,van der Hilst R.2000.Constraints on mantle convection from seismic tomography.Geophys.Monogr.,121:277-288.
Karig D E.1971.Origin and development of marginal basin in t he western Pacific.Journal of Geophysical Research,76:2543-2561.
Kincaid C,Ito G,Gable C.1995.Laboratory investigation of the interaction of off-axis mantle plumes and spreading centers.Nature,376:758-761.
Koszowska E,Wolska A,Zuchiewicz W,et al.2005.Crustal contamination of Late Neogene basalts in the Dien Bien Phu Basin,NW Vietnam:Some insights from petrological and geochronological studies.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.12.003.
Lebedev S,Chevrot S,Nolet G,et al.2000.New seismic evidence for a deep mantle origin of the S.China basalts(the Hainan Plume?)and other observations in SE Asia.Eos Trans.AGU,81(48),Fall Meeting Supplement.
Lebedev S,Nolet G.2003.Upper mantle beneath Southeast Asia from S velocity tomography,Journal of Geophysical Research,108(B1),2048,doi:10.1029/2000JB000073.
李昌年,王方正,钟称生.2005.广西北海涠洲岛(含斜阳岛)第四纪玄武质火山岩的地球化学性质及其源区特征.岩石矿物学杂志,24(1):1-11.[Li Changnian,Wang Fangzheng,Zhong Chensheng.2005.Geochemistry of Quaternary basaltic volcanic rocks of Weizhou island in Beihai City of Guangxi and a discussion on characteristics of their source.Acta Petrologia et Mineralogia,24(1):1-11.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
李思田,林畅松,张启明,等.1998.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件.科学通报,43(8):797-810.[Li Sitian,Lin Changsong,Zhang Qiming,et al.1998.Dynamic process of episodic rifting in continental marginal basin and fectonic events since10Ma in South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,43(8):797-810.(in Chinese)]
李兆麟,丘志力,秦社彩,等.1991.南海海山玄武岩形成条件研究.矿物学报,11(4):325-334.[Li Zhaolin,Qiu Zhili,Qin Shecai,et al.1991.Study on formation conditions for seamount basalts in the South China Sea.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,11(4):325-334.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Ludmann T,Wong H K.1999.Neotectonic regime on the passive continental margin of the northern South China Sea.Tectonophysics,311:245-253.
Mahoney J J,Natland J H,White W M,et al.1989.Isotopic and geochemical provinces of western Indian Ocean spreading centers.Journal of Geophysical Research,94:4033-4052.
Maruyama S.1994.Plume tectonics.Jour.Geol.Soc.Japan,100(1):24-29.
Montelli R,Nolet G,Dahlen F A.2005.Deep plumes in the mantle:geometry and dynamics.EGU,Geophysical Research Abstracts,7:02473.
Montelli R,Nolet G,Dahlen F A,et al.2006.A catalogue of deep mantle plumes:New results from finite frequency tomography.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,7,Q11007,doi:10.1029/2006GC001248.
Müller R D,Roest W R,Royer J Y.1998.Asymmetric sea-floor spreading caused by ridge-plume interactions.Nature,396:455-459.
Niu Y L,O,Hara M J.2003.Origin of ocean island basalts:A new perspective from petrology,geochemistry,and mineral physics considerations.Journal of Geophysical Research,108(B4),2209,doi:10.1029/2002JB002048.
Niu Y L.2005.Generation and evolution of basaltic magmas:some basic concepts and a new view on the origin of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in eastern China.Geological Journal of China Universities,11(1):9-46.
Nolet G,Karato S I,Montelli R.2006.Plume fluxes from seismic tomography.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,248,685-699.
Nolet G,Allen R,Zhao D P.2007.Mantle plume tomography.Chemical Geology,(in press).
Pautot G,Rantin C,Briais A,et al.1986.Spreading direction in the South China Sea.Nature,321:151-154.
Putirka K D.2005.Mantle potential temperatures at Hawaii,Iceland,and the mid-ocean ridge system,as inferred from olivine phenocrysts:Evidence for thermally driven mantle plumes.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,6,Q05L08,doi:10.1029/2005GC000915.
Putirka K D,Perfit M,Ryerson FJ,et al.2007.Ambient and excess mantle temperatures,olivine thermometry,and active vs.passive upwelling.Chemical Geology,(in press).
Qiu X L,Ye S Y,Wu S M,et al.2001.Crustal structure across the Xisha Trough,northwestern South China Sea.Tectonophysics,341:179-193.
任建业,李思田.2000.西太平洋边缘海盆地的扩张过程和动力学背景.地学前缘,7(3):203-213.[Ren Jianye,Li Sitian.2000.Spreading and dynamic setting of marginal basins of the western pacific.Earth Science Frontiers,7(3):203-213.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Ren J Y,Tamaki K,Li S T,et al.2002.Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas Tectonophysics,344:175-205.
Ruedas T,Schmeling H,Marquart G,et al.2004.Temperature and melting of a ridge-centred plume with application to Iceland.Part I:Dynamics and crust production,Geophys.J.Int.,158:729-743.
Schluter H U,Hinz K,Block M.1996.Tectono-stratigraphic terranes and detachment faulting of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea.Marine Geology,130:39-78.
Sharp W D,Clague D A.2006.50Ma initiation of Hawaiian-Emperor Bend records major change in Pacific Plate Motion.Nature,313:1281-1284.
Shi X B,Qiu X L,Xia KY,et al.2003.Characteristics of surface heat flow in the South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,22:265-277.
Sleep N H.1990.Hotspots and mantle plumes:Some phenomenology Journal of Geophysical Research,95:6715-6736.
Staudigel P,Zindler A,Hart S R,et al.1984.The isotope systematics of a juvenile intra-plate volcano:Pb,Nd and Sr isotope ratios of basalts from loihi Seamount,Hawaii.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,69:13-29.
Storey M,Saunders AD,Tarney J,et al.1988.Geochemical evidence for plume-mantle interactions beneath Kerguelen and Heard Islands,Indian Ocean,Nature,336:371-374.
Tapponnier P.1986.On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia.Geol.Soc.Spec.Publ.,19:115-157.
Taylor B,Hayers D E1980.The tectonic evolution of the South China Sea.In:Hayers D E,ed.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands.1.Am.Geophys.Union,Washington,D C,89-104.
Taylor B,Hayers D E.1983.The tectonic evolution of the South China Sea.In:Hayers D E ed.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands.1.Am.Geophys.Union,Washington,D C,23-56.
Tu K,Flower M F,Zhang M.1991.Sr,Nd,and Pb isotopic compositions of Hainan basalts(south China):Implications for a subcontinental lithosphere Dupal source.Geology,19(6):567-569.
Tu K,Flower F J,Carlson R W,et al.1992.Magmatism in the South China Basin1.Isotopic and trace-element evidence for an endogenous Dupal mantle component.Chemical Geology,97(1-2):47-63.
万玲,姚伯初,吴能友,等.2005.南海西部海域新生代地质构造.海洋地质与第四纪地质.25(2):45-52.[Wan Ling,Yao Bochu,Wu Nengyou,et al.2005.Cenozoic geological characteristics in the west of the South China Sea,Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,25(2):45-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Wang P L,Lo C H,Chung S L,et al.2000.Onset timing of left-lateral movement along the Ailao Shan Red River Shear Zone:Ar/39Ar40dating constraint from the Nam Dinh Area,northeastern Vietnam.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,18(3):281-292.
Wei B Z,Chung W Y.1995.Strike-slip faulting on the northern margin of the South China Sea:evidence from two earthquakes offshore of Hainan Island,China,in December1969.Tectonophysics,241:55-66.
Wissmann,G,Kudrass H,Hinz K.1996.Continuing rifting on the south China margin.Geowissenschaften,16(7-8):310-312.
夏斌,崔学军,张宴华,等.2005.南海扩张的动力学因素及其数值模拟讨论.大地构造与成矿学,29(3):328-333.[Xia Bin,Cui Xuejun,Zhang Yanhua.2005.Dynamic factors for the opening of South China Sea and a numerical modeling discussion.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,29(3):328-333.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Xia K Y,Huang C L,Jiang S R,et al.1994.Comparison of the tectonics and geophysics of the major structural belts between the northern and southern continental margins of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,235(1-2):99-116.
肖龙,徐义刚,何斌.2003.峨眉地幔柱-岩石圈的相互作用来自低钛和高钛玄武岩的Sr-Nd和O同位素证据.高校地质学报,9(2):207-217.[Xiao Long,Xu Yigang,He Bin.2003.Emei mantle plume-subcontinental lithosphere Interaction:Sr-Nd and O isotopic evidences from low-Ti and high--ti basalts.Geological Journal of China Universities,9(2):207-217.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
谢建华,夏斌,张宴华,等.2005.南海形成]化探究.海洋科学进展,23(2):212-218.[Xie Jianhua,Xia Bin,Zhang Yanhua,et al.2005.Study on formation and evolution of the South China Sea.Advances in Marine Science,23(2):212-218.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Yan P,Zhou D,Liu Z S.2001.A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,338:1-21.
鄢全树,石学法.2006.洋中脊与地幔柱热点相互作用研究进展.海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(5):131-138.[Yan Quanshu,Shi Xuefa.2006.Ridge—plume(hotspot)interaction.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,26(5):131-138.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
姚伯初,万玲,吴能友.2005.南海新生代构造]化及岩石圈三维结构特征.地质通报,24(1):1-8.[Yao Bochu,Wan Ling,Wu Nengyou.2005.Cenozoic tectonic evolution and the3D structure of the lithosphere of the South China Sea.Geological Bulletin of China,24(1):1-8.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
曾维军,李振五,吴能友,等.1997.南海区域的上地幔活动特征及印支地幔柱.南海地质研究,9:1-19.[Zeng Weijun,Li Zhenwu,Wu Nengyou,et al.1997.The upper mantle activation of South China Sea and the Indosinian mantle plume.Geological Research of South China Sea,9:1-19.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
张健,汪集杨.2000.南海北部陆缘带构造扩张的深部地球动力学特征.中国科学(D辑),30(6):563-569.[Zhang Jian,Wang Jiyang.2000.Geodynamical characteristics of deep-part of spreading in northern continental margin of the South China Sea.Science in China(Series D),30(6):563-569.(in Chinese)]
张明,涂勘,解广轰,等.1992.海南岛新生代玄武岩微量元素和同位素地球化学.见:刘若新主编.中国新生代火山岩年代学与地球化学.北京:地震出版社,246-268.[Zhang Ming,Tu Kan,Xie Guanghong,et al.1992.Trace element and isotope geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts from Hainan island,In:Liu Ruoxined.Geochronology and Geochemistry of Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks in China.Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,246-268.(in Chinese)]
张训华,李延成,綦振华,等.1997.南海海盆形成]化模式初探.海洋地质与第四纪地质,17(2):1-7.[Zhang Xunhua,Li Yancheng,Qi Zhenhua.1997.An approach to the formation and evolution model of South China Sea basin,Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,17(2):1-7.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
赵海玲,狄永军,刘振文,等.2004.东南沿海地区新生代火山作用和地幔柱.地质学报,78(6):781-788.[Zhao Hailing,Di Yongjun,Liu Zhenwen,et al.2004.Cenozoic volcanism and mantle plume along southeast coast of China.Acta Geologica Sinica,78(6):781-788.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Zhou D,Ru K,Chen H Z.1995.Kinematics of Cenozoic extension on the South China Sea continental margin and its implications for the tectonic evolution of the region.Tectonophysics,251:161-177.
Zhou P B,Mukasa S B.1997.Nb-Sr-Pb isotopic,and major-and trace-element geochemistry of Cenozoic lavas from the Khorat Plateau,Thailand:sources and petrogenesis.Chemical Geology,137:175-193.
朱炳泉,王慧芳.1989.雷琼地区MORB-OIB过渡型地幔源火山作用的Nd-Sr-Pb同位素证据.地球化学,3:193-201.[Zhu Bingquan,Wang Huifang.1989.Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic evidence for MORB-OIB transitional type mantle-source volcanism in Leiqiong region.Geochimica,3:193-201.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Zhu B Q,Wang H F,Chen Y W,et al.2004.Geochronological and geochemical constraint on the Cenozoic extension of Cathaysian lithosphere and tectonic evolution of the border sea basins in East Asia.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,24:163-175.
Zindler A,Hart S R,1986.Chemical geodynamics.Annu.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,14:493-571.
邹和平,李平鲁,饶春涛.1995.珠江口盆地新生代火山岩地球化学特征及其地球动力学意义.地球化学,24(增):33-45.[Zou Heping,Li Pinglu,Rao Chuntao.1995.Geochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Zhujiangkou Basin and its geodynamic significance.Geochimica,24(suppl.):33-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Anderson D L.2005.Scoring hotspots:The plume and plate paradigms.In:Foulger G R,Natland J H,Presnall D C,et al eds.Plates,Plumes,and Paradigms:Geological Society of America Special,388,31-54.
Briais A,Patriat P,Tapponier P.1993.Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea:Implications for the Tertiary Tectonics of Southeast Asia.Journal of Geophysical Research,98(B4):6299-6328.
Braitenberg C,Wienecke S,Wang Y.2006.Basement structures from satellite-derived gravity field:South China Sea Ridge,Journal of Geophysical Research,111,B05407,doi:10.1029/2005JB003938.
Castillo P.1998.The Dupal anomaly as a trace of the upwelling lower mantle.Nature,336:667-670.
陈国达.1988.中国东部后地台造山带新生代盆地成因一解.大地构造与成矿学,12(1):1-5.[Chen Guoda.1988.An explanation on the formation cause of the Cenozoic basins in the post-platform orogenic belts of East China.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,12(1):1-5.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Clift P,Lin J.2001.Preferential mantle lithospheric extension under the South China margin.Marine and Petroleum Geology,18:929-945.
Clift P,Lin J,Barckhausen U.2002.Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust during continental break-up in the South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,19:951-970.
Davies G F.2005.A case for mantle plumes.Chinese Science Bulletin,50:1541-1554.
Flower F J,Zhang M,Chen C Y,et al.1992.Magmatism in the South China Basin2.Post-spreading Quaternary basalts from Hainan Island,south China.Chemical geology,97(1-2):65-87.
Hamelin B,Allègre C J.1985.Large scale regional units in the depleted upper mantle revealed by an isotopic study of the south-west Indian ridge.Nature,315:196-198.
Hart S R.1984.A large-scale isotope anomaly in the southern hemisphere mantle.Nature,309:753-757.
Hoang N,Flower M,Carlson R W.1996.Major,trace element,and isotopic compositions of Vietnamese basalts:interaction of hydrous EM1-rich asthenosphere with thinned Eurasian lithosphere.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,60(22):4329-4351.
Hoang N,Flower M.1998.Petrogenesis of Cenozoic basalts from Vietnam:implication for origins of a‘Diffuse Igneous Province,.Journal of Petrology,39(3):369-395.
黄福林.1986.论南海的地壳结构及深部过程.海洋地质与第四纪地质,6(1):31-40.[Huang Fulin.1986.Study on t he crustal structure and deep processes of the South China Sea.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,6(1):31-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
贾大成,丘学林,胡瑞忠,等,2003.北部湾玄武岩地幔源区性质的地球化学示踪及其构造环境.热带海洋学报,22(2):30-39.[Jia Dacheng,Qiu Xuelin,Hu Ruizhong,et al.2003.Geochemical nature of mantle reservoirs and tectonic setting of basalts in Beibu Gulf and its adjacent region.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,22(2):30-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Karason H,van der Hilst R.2000.Constraints on mantle convection from seismic tomography.Geophys.Monogr.,121:277-288.
Karig D E.1971.Origin and development of marginal basin in t he western Pacific.Journal of Geophysical Research,76:2543-2561.
Kincaid C,Ito G,Gable C.1995.Laboratory investigation of the interaction of off-axis mantle plumes and spreading centers.Nature,376:758-761.
Koszowska E,Wolska A,Zuchiewicz W,et al.2005.Crustal contamination of Late Neogene basalts in the Dien Bien Phu Basin,NW Vietnam:Some insights from petrological and geochronological studies.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.12.003.
Lebedev S,Chevrot S,Nolet G,et al.2000.New seismic evidence for a deep mantle origin of the S.China basalts(the Hainan Plume?)and other observations in SE Asia.Eos Trans.AGU,81(48),Fall Meeting Supplement.
Lebedev S,Nolet G.2003.Upper mantle beneath Southeast Asia from S velocity tomography,Journal of Geophysical Research,108(B1),2048,doi:10.1029/2000JB000073.
李昌年,王方正,钟称生.2005.广西北海涠洲岛(含斜阳岛)第四纪玄武质火山岩的地球化学性质及其源区特征.岩石矿物学杂志,24(1):1-11.[Li Changnian,Wang Fangzheng,Zhong Chensheng.2005.Geochemistry of Quaternary basaltic volcanic rocks of Weizhou island in Beihai City of Guangxi and a discussion on characteristics of their source.Acta Petrologia et Mineralogia,24(1):1-11.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
李思田,林畅松,张启明,等.1998.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件.科学通报,43(8):797-810.[Li Sitian,Lin Changsong,Zhang Qiming,et al.1998.Dynamic process of episodic rifting in continental marginal basin and fectonic events since10Ma in South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,43(8):797-810.(in Chinese)]
李兆麟,丘志力,秦社彩,等.1991.南海海山玄武岩形成条件研究.矿物学报,11(4):325-334.[Li Zhaolin,Qiu Zhili,Qin Shecai,et al.1991.Study on formation conditions for seamount basalts in the South China Sea.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,11(4):325-334.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Ludmann T,Wong H K.1999.Neotectonic regime on the passive continental margin of the northern South China Sea.Tectonophysics,311:245-253.
Mahoney J J,Natland J H,White W M,et al.1989.Isotopic and geochemical provinces of western Indian Ocean spreading centers.Journal of Geophysical Research,94:4033-4052.
Maruyama S.1994.Plume tectonics.Jour.Geol.Soc.Japan,100(1):24-29.
Montelli R,Nolet G,Dahlen F A.2005.Deep plumes in the mantle:geometry and dynamics.EGU,Geophysical Research Abstracts,7:02473.
Montelli R,Nolet G,Dahlen F A,et al.2006.A catalogue of deep mantle plumes:New results from finite frequency tomography.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,7,Q11007,doi:10.1029/2006GC001248.
Müller R D,Roest W R,Royer J Y.1998.Asymmetric sea-floor spreading caused by ridge-plume interactions.Nature,396:455-459.
Niu Y L,O,Hara M J.2003.Origin of ocean island basalts:A new perspective from petrology,geochemistry,and mineral physics considerations.Journal of Geophysical Research,108(B4),2209,doi:10.1029/2002JB002048.
Niu Y L.2005.Generation and evolution of basaltic magmas:some basic concepts and a new view on the origin of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in eastern China.Geological Journal of China Universities,11(1):9-46.
Nolet G,Karato S I,Montelli R.2006.Plume fluxes from seismic tomography.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,248,685-699.
Nolet G,Allen R,Zhao D P.2007.Mantle plume tomography.Chemical Geology,(in press).
Pautot G,Rantin C,Briais A,et al.1986.Spreading direction in the South China Sea.Nature,321:151-154.
Putirka K D.2005.Mantle potential temperatures at Hawaii,Iceland,and the mid-ocean ridge system,as inferred from olivine phenocrysts:Evidence for thermally driven mantle plumes.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,6,Q05L08,doi:10.1029/2005GC000915.
Putirka K D,Perfit M,Ryerson FJ,et al.2007.Ambient and excess mantle temperatures,olivine thermometry,and active vs.passive upwelling.Chemical Geology,(in press).
Qiu X L,Ye S Y,Wu S M,et al.2001.Crustal structure across the Xisha Trough,northwestern South China Sea.Tectonophysics,341:179-193.
任建业,李思田.2000.西太平洋边缘海盆地的扩张过程和动力学背景.地学前缘,7(3):203-213.[Ren Jianye,Li Sitian.2000.Spreading and dynamic setting of marginal basins of the western pacific.Earth Science Frontiers,7(3):203-213.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Ren J Y,Tamaki K,Li S T,et al.2002.Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas Tectonophysics,344:175-205.
Ruedas T,Schmeling H,Marquart G,et al.2004.Temperature and melting of a ridge-centred plume with application to Iceland.Part I:Dynamics and crust production,Geophys.J.Int.,158:729-743.
Schluter H U,Hinz K,Block M.1996.Tectono-stratigraphic terranes and detachment faulting of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea.Marine Geology,130:39-78.
Sharp W D,Clague D A.2006.50Ma initiation of Hawaiian-Emperor Bend records major change in Pacific Plate Motion.Nature,313:1281-1284.
Shi X B,Qiu X L,Xia KY,et al.2003.Characteristics of surface heat flow in the South China Sea.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,22:265-277.
Sleep N H.1990.Hotspots and mantle plumes:Some phenomenology Journal of Geophysical Research,95:6715-6736.
Staudigel P,Zindler A,Hart S R,et al.1984.The isotope systematics of a juvenile intra-plate volcano:Pb,Nd and Sr isotope ratios of basalts from loihi Seamount,Hawaii.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,69:13-29.
Storey M,Saunders AD,Tarney J,et al.1988.Geochemical evidence for plume-mantle interactions beneath Kerguelen and Heard Islands,Indian Ocean,Nature,336:371-374.
Tapponnier P.1986.On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia.Geol.Soc.Spec.Publ.,19:115-157.
Taylor B,Hayers D E1980.The tectonic evolution of the South China Sea.In:Hayers D E,ed.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands.1.Am.Geophys.Union,Washington,D C,89-104.
Taylor B,Hayers D E.1983.The tectonic evolution of the South China Sea.In:Hayers D E ed.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands.1.Am.Geophys.Union,Washington,D C,23-56.
Tu K,Flower M F,Zhang M.1991.Sr,Nd,and Pb isotopic compositions of Hainan basalts(south China):Implications for a subcontinental lithosphere Dupal source.Geology,19(6):567-569.
Tu K,Flower F J,Carlson R W,et al.1992.Magmatism in the South China Basin1.Isotopic and trace-element evidence for an endogenous Dupal mantle component.Chemical Geology,97(1-2):47-63.
万玲,姚伯初,吴能友,等.2005.南海西部海域新生代地质构造.海洋地质与第四纪地质.25(2):45-52.[Wan Ling,Yao Bochu,Wu Nengyou,et al.2005.Cenozoic geological characteristics in the west of the South China Sea,Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,25(2):45-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Wang P L,Lo C H,Chung S L,et al.2000.Onset timing of left-lateral movement along the Ailao Shan Red River Shear Zone:Ar/39Ar40dating constraint from the Nam Dinh Area,northeastern Vietnam.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,18(3):281-292.
Wei B Z,Chung W Y.1995.Strike-slip faulting on the northern margin of the South China Sea:evidence from two earthquakes offshore of Hainan Island,China,in December1969.Tectonophysics,241:55-66.
Wissmann,G,Kudrass H,Hinz K.1996.Continuing rifting on the south China margin.Geowissenschaften,16(7-8):310-312.
夏斌,崔学军,张宴华,等.2005.南海扩张的动力学因素及其数值模拟讨论.大地构造与成矿学,29(3):328-333.[Xia Bin,Cui Xuejun,Zhang Yanhua.2005.Dynamic factors for the opening of South China Sea and a numerical modeling discussion.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,29(3):328-333.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Xia K Y,Huang C L,Jiang S R,et al.1994.Comparison of the tectonics and geophysics of the major structural belts between the northern and southern continental margins of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,235(1-2):99-116.
肖龙,徐义刚,何斌.2003.峨眉地幔柱-岩石圈的相互作用来自低钛和高钛玄武岩的Sr-Nd和O同位素证据.高校地质学报,9(2):207-217.[Xiao Long,Xu Yigang,He Bin.2003.Emei mantle plume-subcontinental lithosphere Interaction:Sr-Nd and O isotopic evidences from low-Ti and high--ti basalts.Geological Journal of China Universities,9(2):207-217.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
谢建华,夏斌,张宴华,等.2005.南海形成]化探究.海洋科学进展,23(2):212-218.[Xie Jianhua,Xia Bin,Zhang Yanhua,et al.2005.Study on formation and evolution of the South China Sea.Advances in Marine Science,23(2):212-218.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Yan P,Zhou D,Liu Z S.2001.A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,338:1-21.
鄢全树,石学法.2006.洋中脊与地幔柱热点相互作用研究进展.海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(5):131-138.[Yan Quanshu,Shi Xuefa.2006.Ridge—plume(hotspot)interaction.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,26(5):131-138.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
姚伯初,万玲,吴能友.2005.南海新生代构造]化及岩石圈三维结构特征.地质通报,24(1):1-8.[Yao Bochu,Wan Ling,Wu Nengyou.2005.Cenozoic tectonic evolution and the3D structure of the lithosphere of the South China Sea.Geological Bulletin of China,24(1):1-8.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
曾维军,李振五,吴能友,等.1997.南海区域的上地幔活动特征及印支地幔柱.南海地质研究,9:1-19.[Zeng Weijun,Li Zhenwu,Wu Nengyou,et al.1997.The upper mantle activation of South China Sea and the Indosinian mantle plume.Geological Research of South China Sea,9:1-19.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
张健,汪集杨.2000.南海北部陆缘带构造扩张的深部地球动力学特征.中国科学(D辑),30(6):563-569.[Zhang Jian,Wang Jiyang.2000.Geodynamical characteristics of deep-part of spreading in northern continental margin of the South China Sea.Science in China(Series D),30(6):563-569.(in Chinese)]
张明,涂勘,解广轰,等.1992.海南岛新生代玄武岩微量元素和同位素地球化学.见:刘若新主编.中国新生代火山岩年代学与地球化学.北京:地震出版社,246-268.[Zhang Ming,Tu Kan,Xie Guanghong,et al.1992.Trace element and isotope geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts from Hainan island,In:Liu Ruoxined.Geochronology and Geochemistry of Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks in China.Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,246-268.(in Chinese)]
张训华,李延成,綦振华,等.1997.南海海盆形成]化模式初探.海洋地质与第四纪地质,17(2):1-7.[Zhang Xunhua,Li Yancheng,Qi Zhenhua.1997.An approach to the formation and evolution model of South China Sea basin,Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,17(2):1-7.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
赵海玲,狄永军,刘振文,等.2004.东南沿海地区新生代火山作用和地幔柱.地质学报,78(6):781-788.[Zhao Hailing,Di Yongjun,Liu Zhenwen,et al.2004.Cenozoic volcanism and mantle plume along southeast coast of China.Acta Geologica Sinica,78(6):781-788.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Zhou D,Ru K,Chen H Z.1995.Kinematics of Cenozoic extension on the South China Sea continental margin and its implications for the tectonic evolution of the region.Tectonophysics,251:161-177.
Zhou P B,Mukasa S B.1997.Nb-Sr-Pb isotopic,and major-and trace-element geochemistry of Cenozoic lavas from the Khorat Plateau,Thailand:sources and petrogenesis.Chemical Geology,137:175-193.
朱炳泉,王慧芳.1989.雷琼地区MORB-OIB过渡型地幔源火山作用的Nd-Sr-Pb同位素证据.地球化学,3:193-201.[Zhu Bingquan,Wang Huifang.1989.Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic evidence for MORB-OIB transitional type mantle-source volcanism in Leiqiong region.Geochimica,3:193-201.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
Zhu B Q,Wang H F,Chen Y W,et al.2004.Geochronological and geochemical constraint on the Cenozoic extension of Cathaysian lithosphere and tectonic evolution of the border sea basins in East Asia.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,24:163-175.
Zindler A,Hart S R,1986.Chemical geodynamics.Annu.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,14:493-571.
邹和平,李平鲁,饶春涛.1995.珠江口盆地新生代火山岩地球化学特征及其地球动力学意义.地球化学,24(增):33-45.[Zou Heping,Li Pinglu,Rao Chuntao.1995.Geochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Zhujiangkou Basin and its geodynamic significance.Geochimica,24(suppl.):33-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)]
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心