地震仪的干扰信号及抑制方法
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摘要
目前 ,2 4位模数转换器的地震勘探仪器具有低噪音、低畸变和高采样率 ,较大的瞬时动态范围 ,实现了微伏级信号的记录 ,为我们进行高分辨率地震勘探创造了条件。拾取信号的检波器虽说尚未达到现在的地震仪的发展水平 ,但也取得了一定的进展。而现在采集过程中唯独抑制环境干扰方法和手段几乎没有进展 ,从而使得这些干扰信号的侵入 ,淹没了勘探中的微弱高频反射信号 ,由于这些干扰信号频带宽、随机性强 ,使人们显得对此无可奈何。实际上 ,我们通过分析干扰信号进入仪器的途径 ,可以有效地进行抑制 ,使干扰信号对有效信号的影响降低到最小限度 ,以便达到提高采集信号的信噪比目的
At present,the seismograph with 24 bit A/D converter has low noise, low distortion,high sample rate and larger instantaneous dynamic range.It has realized the record of micro volt signals,created the condition for the seismic prospecting of the high resolution. Although the geophone picking up seismic signals does not reach the development level of present seismograph,also achieves a centain of the progress.Now the methods and means restrained the enviromental interference signal almost have no progress during the seismic acquisition.thus these interference signals merge the weak high frequeney reflection signals in seismic prospecting.because these interference signals have wide frequeney baud and random,we seem having no way out it.In fact,we can effectively restrain them by analyzing the path entered by the interference singnals,make the influence of the interference signals on effective seismic signals ruduce to a minium in order to enhance the signal noise rate of seismic data.
At present,the seismograph with 24 bit A/D converter has low noise, low distortion,high sample rate and larger instantaneous dynamic range.It has realized the record of micro volt signals,created the condition for the seismic prospecting of the high resolution. Although the geophone picking up seismic signals does not reach the development level of present seismograph,also achieves a centain of the progress.Now the methods and means restrained the enviromental interference signal almost have no progress during the seismic acquisition.thus these interference signals merge the weak high frequeney reflection signals in seismic prospecting.because these interference signals have wide frequeney baud and random,we seem having no way out it.In fact,we can effectively restrain them by analyzing the path entered by the interference singnals,make the influence of the interference signals on effective seismic signals ruduce to a minium in order to enhance the signal noise rate of seismic data.
引文
1 长春地质学院仪器教研室编 :地震勘探仪器 ,地质出版社(北京 ) ,1980。
2 陆基孟等编 :地震勘探原理 ,石油工业出版社 (北京 ) ,1982。
3 孙传友 :大线滤波器的分析和计算 ,石油仪器 ,1990 ,4(1) ,2 2～ 2 6。
4 陈祖传 :新一代地震仪器发展的探讨 ,石油物探装备 ,1996。
5 叶卸良 :遥测地震数据采集系统中频谱整形滤波器的作用与有关的若干问题的讨论 ,石油物探装备 ,1994。
6 冯慈章 :电磁场 ,人民教育出版社 (北京 ) ,1982
2 陆基孟等编 :地震勘探原理 ,石油工业出版社 (北京 ) ,1982。
3 孙传友 :大线滤波器的分析和计算 ,石油仪器 ,1990 ,4(1) ,2 2～ 2 6。
4 陈祖传 :新一代地震仪器发展的探讨 ,石油物探装备 ,1996。
5 叶卸良 :遥测地震数据采集系统中频谱整形滤波器的作用与有关的若干问题的讨论 ,石油物探装备 ,1994。
6 冯慈章 :电磁场 ,人民教育出版社 (北京 ) ,1982
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