文家沟“8.13”特大泥石流典型特征及成因分析
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摘要
以文家沟特大泥石流为例,在现场详细调查、统计、试验,获得丰富资料的基础上,对该泥石流的典型特征和成因进行了分析,分析结果认为,文家沟泥石流具有一次冲出量巨大、松散物源集中、沟谷下切速度快、深度大、侧向冲刷造成岸坡垮塌、堵溃现象明显等基本特征,属典型的由地震引发的次生地质灾害。地震诱发滑坡产生的碎屑流堆积体为泥石流发生提供了丰富的物源,特殊的地形条件、短时强降雨、揭底下切-边坡滑塌堵沟-溃决冲出导致更易下切的恶性循环模式、防治工程失效破坏造成放大效应等因素是泥石流爆发且规模巨大的主要原因。根据调查和分析结果,最后提出了治理方案的建议。
Based on detailed site investigations,statistics,tests as well as a wealth of data,we analyze the typical characteristics and causation of the Wenjiagou catastrophic debris flow.The analysis results show that the Wenjiagou catastrophic debris flow,belonging to the typical secondary geologic hazard caused by "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake,has the following essential features: tremendous amount of debris at a time,concentration of loose materials source,fast down-cutting of valley,great depth,lateral scouring resulting in bank slope collapse and apparent phenomenon of collapse by blocking.The accumulation body caused by earthquake-induced landslides provided a rich source for occurrence of the debris flow.All the following situations,including special topographical conditions,short-time devastating rains,the vicious cycle of gully bed down-cutting,slope collapse blocking channel and dike breaching,and control project failure become the main inducing factors of the catastrophic debris flow.According to the investigation and analysis results,we put forward suggestions for the treatment scheme.
Based on detailed site investigations,statistics,tests as well as a wealth of data,we analyze the typical characteristics and causation of the Wenjiagou catastrophic debris flow.The analysis results show that the Wenjiagou catastrophic debris flow,belonging to the typical secondary geologic hazard caused by "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake,has the following essential features: tremendous amount of debris at a time,concentration of loose materials source,fast down-cutting of valley,great depth,lateral scouring resulting in bank slope collapse and apparent phenomenon of collapse by blocking.The accumulation body caused by earthquake-induced landslides provided a rich source for occurrence of the debris flow.All the following situations,including special topographical conditions,short-time devastating rains,the vicious cycle of gully bed down-cutting,slope collapse blocking channel and dike breaching,and control project failure become the main inducing factors of the catastrophic debris flow.According to the investigation and analysis results,we put forward suggestions for the treatment scheme.
引文
[1]四川省地质工程集团公司.绵竹市清平乡文家沟“8.13”特大山洪泥石流灾害应急勘查报告[R].成都:四川省地质工程集团公司,2010.
[2]许强.四川省“8.13”特大泥石流灾害特点、成因与启示[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):596-608.
[3]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758.
[4]中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ/T0220-2006泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[5]中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ/T0239-2004泥石流灾害防治工程设计规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[6]余斌,马煜,吴雨夫.汶川地震后绵竹市清平乡文家沟泥石流灾害调查研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):827-836.
[2]许强.四川省“8.13”特大泥石流灾害特点、成因与启示[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):596-608.
[3]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758.
[4]中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ/T0220-2006泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[5]中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ/T0239-2004泥石流灾害防治工程设计规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[6]余斌,马煜,吴雨夫.汶川地震后绵竹市清平乡文家沟泥石流灾害调查研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):827-836.
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