德阳松柏村典型液化震害剖析
|
摘要
2008年5月12日中国发生的8.0级汶川大地震中,位于Ⅶ、Ⅷ度交接处的德阳松柏村液化破坏十分明显,喷砂类型丰富,液化伴随大量地裂缝,液化加震现象十分显著,具有典型研究价值。对该村进行了详细的现场测试并与以往液化震害进行了对比分析,结果表明:尽管松柏村地表主要喷出物是中砂和粗砂,但实际液化土与喷出物差别显著,主要为砂砾土液化;以往还没有提出过适于工程应用的砂砾土液化判别方法,而超重型动力触探(DPT)具有设备简单、经济实用、测试数据连续的优点,可作为砂砾土液化预测的核心指标;松柏村大量地裂缝现象不是由次断层造成而是由土层液化引起,而液化产生地裂缝的基本条件为地表较平坦(<3%)以及液化土层水平分布不均匀;液化减震的基本条件为上覆非液化层足够厚且较为密实,但定量评价方法还有待进一步研究。
The serious damage in Songbai village,Deyang,located at the boundary of seismic intensity zone Ⅶ and Ⅷ,is induced significantly by liquefaction following the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake.The large amount of spouted soils categories,a lot of liquefaction-generated ground fissures and the apparent liquefaction-aggravated damage are the typical features and are worth for further study.The detailed in-situ tests and comparison with the previous liquefaction-induced damage reveal:(1) The actual liquefied soils are gravels and significantly different from the spouted deposits,while most of which are medium and coarse sand.(2) An efficacious filed test method for measuring gravel liquefaction resistance has not been proposed ever before.The Chinese dynamic penetration test(DPT) is strongly recommended for gravel liquefaction evaluation for its simple apparatus,economical test,continuous data acquisition,etc.(3) The abundant ground fissures in Songbai village are generated by gravel liquefaction rather than the raptures or secondary faults.The fundamental conditions for the generation of ground fissures by liquefaction are the flat ground surface(slop less than 3%) and horizontal non-uniform distribution of liquefiable soils.(4) The fundamental conditions for seismic damage mitigation by liquefaction are the thick upper non-liquefiable soils and relativey dense upper non-liquefiable soil cap.The corresponding quantitative assessment method needs to be further studied.
The serious damage in Songbai village,Deyang,located at the boundary of seismic intensity zone Ⅶ and Ⅷ,is induced significantly by liquefaction following the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake.The large amount of spouted soils categories,a lot of liquefaction-generated ground fissures and the apparent liquefaction-aggravated damage are the typical features and are worth for further study.The detailed in-situ tests and comparison with the previous liquefaction-induced damage reveal:(1) The actual liquefied soils are gravels and significantly different from the spouted deposits,while most of which are medium and coarse sand.(2) An efficacious filed test method for measuring gravel liquefaction resistance has not been proposed ever before.The Chinese dynamic penetration test(DPT) is strongly recommended for gravel liquefaction evaluation for its simple apparatus,economical test,continuous data acquisition,etc.(3) The abundant ground fissures in Songbai village are generated by gravel liquefaction rather than the raptures or secondary faults.The fundamental conditions for the generation of ground fissures by liquefaction are the flat ground surface(slop less than 3%) and horizontal non-uniform distribution of liquefiable soils.(4) The fundamental conditions for seismic damage mitigation by liquefaction are the thick upper non-liquefiable soils and relativey dense upper non-liquefiable soil cap.The corresponding quantitative assessment method needs to be further studied.
引文
[1]袁一凡.四川汶川8.0级地震损失评估[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(5):10-19.(YUAN Yi-fan.Loss assessment of Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(5):10-19.(in Chinese))
[2]曹振中,袁晓铭,陈龙伟,等.汶川大地震液化宏观现象概述[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):645-650.(CAO Zhen-zhong,YUAN Xiao-ming,CHEN Long-wei,et al.Summary of liquefaction macrophenomena in the Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):645-650.(in Chinese))
[3]曹振中,侯龙清,袁晓铭.汶川8.0级地震液化震害及特征[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3549-3555.(CAO Zhen-zhong,HOU Long-qing,YUAN Xiao-ming.The characteristics of liquefaction-induced damages in the Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3549-3555.(in Chinese)).
[4]GB50021—2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.(GB0021—2001 Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[5]DB51/T5026—2001成都地区建筑地基基础设计规范[S].2001.(DB51/T5026—2001 Design code for building foundation of Chengdu region[S].2001.(in Chinese))
[6]ALEX SY,CAMPANELLA R G,ROAYMOND A Stewart.BPT-SPT correlations for evaluation of liquefaction resistance in gravelly soils[R].National Convention,San Diegzse spectrum[J].J Basic Science and Engineering,2010,18(S0):173-180.(in Chinese))
[7]TSUCHIDA H.Prediction and countermeasure against the liquefaction in sand deposits[R].Abstract of Seminar in the port and Harbor Research Institute,1970.
[8]HWANG Jin-Hung,YANG Chin-Wen.Verification of critical cyclic strength curve by Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake data[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2001,21:237-257.
[9]YOUD T L,Geologic effects-liquefaction and associated ground failure[C]//Proceedings of the Geologic and Hydrologic Hazards Training Program,U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-760,1984:210-232.
[10]中国科学院工程力学研究所.海城地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.(Institute of Engineering Mechanics.The haicheng earthquake damages[M].Beijing:Seismic Press,1979.(in Chinese))
[11]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害[M].地震出版社,1989.(LIU Hui-xian.The great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976[M].Beijing:Seismic Press,1989.(in Chinese))
[12]李学宁,刘慧珊,周根寿.液化层减震机理研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1992,12(3):84-91.(LI Xue-ning,LIU Hui-shan,ZHOU Gen-shou.Study on shake-reducing effect of liquefiable layers[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1992,12(3):84-91.(in Chinese)
[13]刘惠珊,周根寿,李学宁,等.液化层的减震机理及对地面地震反应的影响[J].冶金工业部建筑研究总院院刊,1994(2):19-22.(LIU Hui-shan,ZHOU Gen-shou,LI Xue-ning,et al.Mechanism of shake-reducing effect of liquefiable layers and its influence to ground motion response[J].Journal of Central Research Institute of Building and Construction,Ministry of Metallurgical Industry,1994(2):19-22.(in Chinese))
[14]孙锐,袁晓铭.场地液化对反应谱影响评价[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2010,18(增刊):173-180.(SUN Rui,YUAN Xiao-ming.Evaluation for effect of site liquefaction on response spectrum[J].J Basic Science and Engineering,2010,18(S0):173-180.(in Chinese))
[2]曹振中,袁晓铭,陈龙伟,等.汶川大地震液化宏观现象概述[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):645-650.(CAO Zhen-zhong,YUAN Xiao-ming,CHEN Long-wei,et al.Summary of liquefaction macrophenomena in the Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):645-650.(in Chinese))
[3]曹振中,侯龙清,袁晓铭.汶川8.0级地震液化震害及特征[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3549-3555.(CAO Zhen-zhong,HOU Long-qing,YUAN Xiao-ming.The characteristics of liquefaction-induced damages in the Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3549-3555.(in Chinese)).
[4]GB50021—2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.(GB0021—2001 Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[5]DB51/T5026—2001成都地区建筑地基基础设计规范[S].2001.(DB51/T5026—2001 Design code for building foundation of Chengdu region[S].2001.(in Chinese))
[6]ALEX SY,CAMPANELLA R G,ROAYMOND A Stewart.BPT-SPT correlations for evaluation of liquefaction resistance in gravelly soils[R].National Convention,San Diegzse spectrum[J].J Basic Science and Engineering,2010,18(S0):173-180.(in Chinese))
[7]TSUCHIDA H.Prediction and countermeasure against the liquefaction in sand deposits[R].Abstract of Seminar in the port and Harbor Research Institute,1970.
[8]HWANG Jin-Hung,YANG Chin-Wen.Verification of critical cyclic strength curve by Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake data[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2001,21:237-257.
[9]YOUD T L,Geologic effects-liquefaction and associated ground failure[C]//Proceedings of the Geologic and Hydrologic Hazards Training Program,U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-760,1984:210-232.
[10]中国科学院工程力学研究所.海城地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.(Institute of Engineering Mechanics.The haicheng earthquake damages[M].Beijing:Seismic Press,1979.(in Chinese))
[11]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害[M].地震出版社,1989.(LIU Hui-xian.The great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976[M].Beijing:Seismic Press,1989.(in Chinese))
[12]李学宁,刘慧珊,周根寿.液化层减震机理研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1992,12(3):84-91.(LI Xue-ning,LIU Hui-shan,ZHOU Gen-shou.Study on shake-reducing effect of liquefiable layers[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1992,12(3):84-91.(in Chinese)
[13]刘惠珊,周根寿,李学宁,等.液化层的减震机理及对地面地震反应的影响[J].冶金工业部建筑研究总院院刊,1994(2):19-22.(LIU Hui-shan,ZHOU Gen-shou,LI Xue-ning,et al.Mechanism of shake-reducing effect of liquefiable layers and its influence to ground motion response[J].Journal of Central Research Institute of Building and Construction,Ministry of Metallurgical Industry,1994(2):19-22.(in Chinese))
[14]孙锐,袁晓铭.场地液化对反应谱影响评价[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2010,18(增刊):173-180.(SUN Rui,YUAN Xiao-ming.Evaluation for effect of site liquefaction on response spectrum[J].J Basic Science and Engineering,2010,18(S0):173-180.(in Chinese))
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心