三峡水库库首区地壳深部构造环境与地震成因研究
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摘要
利用地震P波层析成像结果和三峡水库蓄水前的地震,研究三峡坝址及邻近区域的地壳深部构造环境与地震关系,探讨地震成因。结论如下:三峡地区蓄水前地震与地壳深部构造环境密切相关,地震基本发生在地壳深部高速异常构造与低速异常构造接壤处形成的速度梯度带上或附近,这表明,速度梯度带是地壳深部构造运动最活跃的地方,具有隐伏断裂的特征。三峡地区在现今区域构造应力场作用下,以及受上地幔部分熔融物质变形、膨胀、垂直向上的扰动场与伸张应力和热应力作用,导致地壳中断裂和隐伏断裂活动或产生新破裂,发生地震。
The relationship between the tectonic environment of deep crust and earthquakes are investigated,and the seismogenesis of earthquakes are further discussed,using the P-wave tomography beneath the Three Gorges reservoir dam and adjacent regions and earthquakes occurred before the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir.The main results indicate: the earthquakes which took place in the Three Gorges area,are closely associated with the tectonic environment of deep crust,most of those events occurred in or around the velocity gradient belts,whose formation are influenced by various factors of deep tectonics,are mainly developed by the bordering on the high-velocity anomaly with low velocity anomaly.The aforementioned phenomenon shows that the velocity gradient belt,which is considered as one of the most active places where the deep plate motions exist,is similar to the characteristics of buried fault zones.The regional tectonic stress field,deformation,dilation and upwards perturbation field and tensile stress generated by the partially molten materials of upper mantle,and thermal stress,which jointly contribute to the Three Gorges area,then lead to the activities of the faulting zones and buried faults and possibly activate the new ruptures,finally trigger earthquakes.
The relationship between the tectonic environment of deep crust and earthquakes are investigated,and the seismogenesis of earthquakes are further discussed,using the P-wave tomography beneath the Three Gorges reservoir dam and adjacent regions and earthquakes occurred before the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir.The main results indicate: the earthquakes which took place in the Three Gorges area,are closely associated with the tectonic environment of deep crust,most of those events occurred in or around the velocity gradient belts,whose formation are influenced by various factors of deep tectonics,are mainly developed by the bordering on the high-velocity anomaly with low velocity anomaly.The aforementioned phenomenon shows that the velocity gradient belt,which is considered as one of the most active places where the deep plate motions exist,is similar to the characteristics of buried fault zones.The regional tectonic stress field,deformation,dilation and upwards perturbation field and tensile stress generated by the partially molten materials of upper mantle,and thermal stress,which jointly contribute to the Three Gorges area,then lead to the activities of the faulting zones and buried faults and possibly activate the new ruptures,finally trigger earthquakes.
引文
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3朱思林,等.长江三峡及周缘地区重力异常的特征与研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1990,(2):49-60.(Zhu Silin,etal.Characterisics and research on gravity anomaly in ThreeGorges and adjacent region[J].Crustal Deformation andEarthquake,1990,(2):49-60)
4王静瑶.1979年湖北巴东5.1级地震震源机制与地形变[J].地壳形变与地震,1981,(1):93-100.(WangJingyao.Hubei Badong 1979 5.1 earthquake focal mecha-nisms and crustal deformation[J].Crustal Deformation andEarthquake,1981,(1):93-100)
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8中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所一室三峡组.三峡地区重力场和应力场研究[A].中国科学院三峡工程生态与环境科研项目领导小组.长江三峡工程对生态和环境影响及其对策研究论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,1987.(The Three Gorges Group of Institute of Geodesy,CAS.Gravity and strain fields in Three Gorges[A].The leadingteam researching on ecosystem and environment of the ThreeGorges project.Impacts of the Three Gorges project on eco-system and environment and possible countermeasures[C].Beijing:Science press,1987)
9中国地震局地震研究所,等.长江三峡工程诱发地震监测系统技术设计书[R].1998.(Institute of Seismology,CEA.Seismic monitoring system technology design on the ThreeGorges project[R].1998)
10中国地震局震害防御司.中国近代地震目录1900—1998[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999.(Damage de-fense secretary,CEA.The present catalogue of Chineseearthquakes of 1900-1998[M].Beijing:Science andTechnology Press,1999)
11 Waldhauser F and Ellsworth W L.A double-differenceearthquake location algorithm:Method and application tothe Northern Hayward Fault[J].California.Bull SeismolSoc Amer,2000,90(6):1 353-1 368.
12张爱民,李强.双差定位在三峡库区地震定位中的应用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,(3):73-77.(Zhang Aimin and Li Qiang.Application of double-differ-ence location method to earthquakes in the Three Gorgesreservoir area[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2006,(3):73-77)
13赵旭,等.三峡库首区最小一维速度模型研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,(专刊):1-7.(Zhao Xu,etal.On minimum1D velocity model applied in Three Gorgesreservoir area[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2007,(Spec):1-7)
14刘福田,等.用于速度图象重建的层析成象法[J].地球物理学报,1989,32(1):46-61.(Liu Futian,et al.Onthe tomographic inverse method used in velocity image re-construction[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1989,32(1):46-61)
15马达铨,杜绍华,肖志发.黄陵花岗岩基的成因[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2002,21(2):151-161.(Ma Daquan,DuShaohua and Xiao Zhifa.The origin of Huangling granitebatholith[J].Acta Petrol Mineral,2002,21(2):151-161)
16江麟生,陈铁龙.黄陵地区的几个主要基础地质问题[J].湖北地矿,2002,16(1):8-13.(Jiang Linsheng andChen Tielong.Several principal geological probleme inhuangling[J].Hubei Geol Miner Resour,2002,16(1):8-13)
17刘传正,谭周地.长江三峡库首区诱发地震的环境工程地质研究[A].长江三峡工程地质地震专题论证文集[C].北京:科学出版社,1989.(Liu Chuanzheng and TanZhoudi.Research on environmental engineering geology ofearthquake-induced in Three Gorgs reservoir area[A].TheGeology and Earthquake Demonstration Export Group of theThree Gorges Project.Research on ecology and earthquakeof the Three Gorges[C].Beijing:Science Press,1989)18曾融生,等.华北盆地强震的震源模型兼论强震和盆地的成因[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(3):288-301.(Zeng Rongsheng,et al.The focus model of strong eat-thquake in North China Basin and the cause of strong earth-quake and basin[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1991,34(3):288-301)19马宗晋.中国大陆的地震层和地震线[A].地壳构造与地震应力文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1987.(MaZhongjin.The earthquake layers and lines of the Chinesemainland[A].The collercted works of crustal structure andseismological stress[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1987)
2高士均,等.长江三峡库坝区构造应力场及其未来水库诱发地震[J].地震学报,1986,8(增刊):73-84.(Gao Shi-jun,et al.The tectonic stress field and future water-inducedseismicity in the Three Gorges reservoir-dam area[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,1986,8(Supp):73-84)
3朱思林,等.长江三峡及周缘地区重力异常的特征与研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1990,(2):49-60.(Zhu Silin,etal.Characterisics and research on gravity anomaly in ThreeGorges and adjacent region[J].Crustal Deformation andEarthquake,1990,(2):49-60)
4王静瑶.1979年湖北巴东5.1级地震震源机制与地形变[J].地壳形变与地震,1981,(1):93-100.(WangJingyao.Hubei Badong 1979 5.1 earthquake focal mecha-nisms and crustal deformation[J].Crustal Deformation andEarthquake,1981,(1):93-100)
5李强,等.三峡水库坝址及邻区中上地壳P波速度结构[J].中国科学(D辑),2009,39(4):427-436.(LiQiang,et ai.P wave velocity structure of upper and middlecrust beneath the Three Gorges reservoir dam and adjacentregions[J].Science in China Series(Serries D),2009,39(4):427-436)
6长江水利委员会编.三峡工程地质研究[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,1997.(Changjiang Water Resources Com-mission.Tectonics research on the Three Gorges Project[M].Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press,1997.
7陈学波,陈步云,张四维.长江三峡工程坝区及外围深度构造特征研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1994.(Chen Xue-bou,Chen Buyun and Zhang Siwei.The research on charac-teristics of the deep tectonics in Three Gorges and nearby ar-ea[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1994
8中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所一室三峡组.三峡地区重力场和应力场研究[A].中国科学院三峡工程生态与环境科研项目领导小组.长江三峡工程对生态和环境影响及其对策研究论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,1987.(The Three Gorges Group of Institute of Geodesy,CAS.Gravity and strain fields in Three Gorges[A].The leadingteam researching on ecosystem and environment of the ThreeGorges project.Impacts of the Three Gorges project on eco-system and environment and possible countermeasures[C].Beijing:Science press,1987)
9中国地震局地震研究所,等.长江三峡工程诱发地震监测系统技术设计书[R].1998.(Institute of Seismology,CEA.Seismic monitoring system technology design on the ThreeGorges project[R].1998)
10中国地震局震害防御司.中国近代地震目录1900—1998[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999.(Damage de-fense secretary,CEA.The present catalogue of Chineseearthquakes of 1900-1998[M].Beijing:Science andTechnology Press,1999)
11 Waldhauser F and Ellsworth W L.A double-differenceearthquake location algorithm:Method and application tothe Northern Hayward Fault[J].California.Bull SeismolSoc Amer,2000,90(6):1 353-1 368.
12张爱民,李强.双差定位在三峡库区地震定位中的应用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,(3):73-77.(Zhang Aimin and Li Qiang.Application of double-differ-ence location method to earthquakes in the Three Gorgesreservoir area[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2006,(3):73-77)
13赵旭,等.三峡库首区最小一维速度模型研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,(专刊):1-7.(Zhao Xu,etal.On minimum1D velocity model applied in Three Gorgesreservoir area[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2007,(Spec):1-7)
14刘福田,等.用于速度图象重建的层析成象法[J].地球物理学报,1989,32(1):46-61.(Liu Futian,et al.Onthe tomographic inverse method used in velocity image re-construction[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1989,32(1):46-61)
15马达铨,杜绍华,肖志发.黄陵花岗岩基的成因[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2002,21(2):151-161.(Ma Daquan,DuShaohua and Xiao Zhifa.The origin of Huangling granitebatholith[J].Acta Petrol Mineral,2002,21(2):151-161)
16江麟生,陈铁龙.黄陵地区的几个主要基础地质问题[J].湖北地矿,2002,16(1):8-13.(Jiang Linsheng andChen Tielong.Several principal geological probleme inhuangling[J].Hubei Geol Miner Resour,2002,16(1):8-13)
17刘传正,谭周地.长江三峡库首区诱发地震的环境工程地质研究[A].长江三峡工程地质地震专题论证文集[C].北京:科学出版社,1989.(Liu Chuanzheng and TanZhoudi.Research on environmental engineering geology ofearthquake-induced in Three Gorgs reservoir area[A].TheGeology and Earthquake Demonstration Export Group of theThree Gorges Project.Research on ecology and earthquakeof the Three Gorges[C].Beijing:Science Press,1989)18曾融生,等.华北盆地强震的震源模型兼论强震和盆地的成因[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(3):288-301.(Zeng Rongsheng,et al.The focus model of strong eat-thquake in North China Basin and the cause of strong earth-quake and basin[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1991,34(3):288-301)19马宗晋.中国大陆的地震层和地震线[A].地壳构造与地震应力文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1987.(MaZhongjin.The earthquake layers and lines of the Chinesemainland[A].The collercted works of crustal structure andseismological stress[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1987)
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