我国地震综合减灾能力评价指标体系——以唐山市为例
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摘要
地震综合减灾能力是一个国家或地区面对地震灾害时降低地震破坏和损失的能力。综合减灾能力越高,表明地震对当地经济和社会发展带来的创伤越小。科学地评价地震综合减灾能力需要一套系统的指标体系及其评价方法。在综合分析国内外研究成果的基础上,建立了一套基于经济投入的地震综合减灾能力评价体系,并结合问卷调查,确定了各指标的权重以及评分方法。最后以大地震后的新唐山市为例,对其地震综合减灾能力进行了定量评价。这种简单易行的评价方法对衡量城市、地区乃至全国的地震综合减灾能力都是非常有用的。
Comprehensive earthquake disaster mitigation capacity reflects the capability of a country or region to reduce damage and loss of earthquake disasters.The higher the comprehensive earthquake disaster mitigation capacity is,the less the damage and loss induced by earthquake disasters.Scientific evaluation of the earthquake disaster mitigation capacity requires a series of indices and corresponding evaluating methods.Based on the comprehensive analysis of research findings at home and abroad,this study established an evaluation index system of earthquake disaster mitigation capacity in respect to economic input,and set up the weights for each index based on questionnaires.Then,disaster mitigation capacity is analyzed with Tangshan City as the example.This evaluation method will be of great use for comprehensive earthquake disaster mitigation capacity evaluation work of a city,a region and even the whole country.
Comprehensive earthquake disaster mitigation capacity reflects the capability of a country or region to reduce damage and loss of earthquake disasters.The higher the comprehensive earthquake disaster mitigation capacity is,the less the damage and loss induced by earthquake disasters.Scientific evaluation of the earthquake disaster mitigation capacity requires a series of indices and corresponding evaluating methods.Based on the comprehensive analysis of research findings at home and abroad,this study established an evaluation index system of earthquake disaster mitigation capacity in respect to economic input,and set up the weights for each index based on questionnaires.Then,disaster mitigation capacity is analyzed with Tangshan City as the example.This evaluation method will be of great use for comprehensive earthquake disaster mitigation capacity evaluation work of a city,a region and even the whole country.
引文
[1]何玉林,韩渭宾,裴锡瑜,等.城市地区防御地震灾害风险评估项目综述[J].四川地震,2002(4):35-38.HE Yulin,HAN Weibin,PEI Xiyu,et al.Project overview of the secretariat of the international decade for nature disaster reduction[J].UnitedNations[J].Erthquake Research in Sichuan,2002(4):35-38.
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[9]黄蕾.难忘唐山地震“零保险”灾害频发呼唤地震保险[EB/OL].(2006-08-01)[2011-01-05]http://finance.qq.com/a/20060801/000199.htm.HUANG Lei.Unforgettable“zero”insurance in Tangshan earthquake,and disasters called for earthquake insurance[EB/OL].(2006-08-01)[2011-01-05]http://finance.qq.com/a/20060801/000199.htm.
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[2]刘莉,谢礼立.关于城市防震减灾能力影响因素的探讨[J].世界地震工程,2008,24(1):88-92.LIU Li,XIE Lili.Study on factors influencing on ability of earthquake disaster reduction in a city[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2008,24(1):88-92.
[3]薄涛.我国城市防震减灾综合能力评价研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2009.BO Tao.Study on Evaluation of Earthquake Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Capacity[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2009.
[4]民政部救灾司.纪念改革开放30周年特别专题减灾救灾30年[J].中国减灾,2008(12):4-27.Civil Affairs Ministry’s Disaster Relief Department.Special select:disaster mitigation and prevention for 30 years since reform and openness[J].Disaster Reduction in China,2008(12):4-27.
[5]黄明明,选址盐碱地-天津生态城总体规划蓝图出炉[N].科学时报,2008-5-19(2).HUANG Mingming.Selection Site on saline-alkali land,and presentation of overall eco-city planning for Tianjin[N],Science Times,2008-5-19(2).
[6]国家减灾中心灾害信息部.汶川大地震与唐山大地震的对比[J].中国减灾,2008(7):46-47.National Disaster Reduction Center’s Disaster Information Department.Comparison of Wenchuan earthquake and Tangshan earthquake[J].Disas-ter Reduction in China,2008(7):46-47.
[7]泽义.各国如何开展灾后重建[J].中国减灾,2008(11):38-39.ZE Yi.Post-disaster reconstruction in foreign countries[J].Disaster Reduction in China,2008(11):38-39.
[8]徐建新,王亦伟,苏幼坡.唐山市新区现有房屋震害预测[J].世界地震工程,2003(3):22-27.XU Jianxin,WANG Yiwei,SU Youpo.Prediction of earthquake damage to existing buildings in Tangshan New District[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,2003(3):22-27.
[9]黄蕾.难忘唐山地震“零保险”灾害频发呼唤地震保险[EB/OL].(2006-08-01)[2011-01-05]http://finance.qq.com/a/20060801/000199.htm.HUANG Lei.Unforgettable“zero”insurance in Tangshan earthquake,and disasters called for earthquake insurance[EB/OL].(2006-08-01)[2011-01-05]http://finance.qq.com/a/20060801/000199.htm.
[10]肖莉.唐山重建秘辛:苦筹28亿资金,巧解“单位割据”[N].东方早报,2008-05-30.XIAO Li.The secret of Tangshan reconstruction:raising$2.8 billion[N].Oriental Morning Post,2008-05-30.
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