遥感-岩石力学(IV)——岩石压剪破裂的热红外辐射规律及其地震前兆意义
|
摘要
完整岩体压剪破裂失稳是构造地震的另一种可能孕震机制。以此为模拟对象,采集中国首都圈地区的5种典型岩石,进行了岩石压剪破裂过程的红外辐射成像实验。研究发现:(1) 岩石压剪破裂过程存在热弹和摩擦热两种热-力耦合效应,且压剪作用越强,压剪破裂过程中红外辐射升温现象就越明显。(2) 压应变占优势时,岩石压剪破裂存在红外辐射异常破裂前兆。(3) 压剪破裂前兆有明显的“时空”特征,即:时间上,当载荷增加到约80%破坏应力时,沿剪切区域的平均红外辐射温度开始出现加速升温前兆,且压剪比越高,出现前兆的时间越早;空间上,破裂前沿剪切区域出现的高温异常条带具有前沿推进即“由一端向另一端迁移、扩展”的特点。本研究结果对地震、岩爆、矿爆、边坡滑移等自然与岩石工程灾害的遥感与预报具有重要的基础意义。
The fracturing of initial rock mass is another mechanism of tectonic earthquake. Taking it for experimental modeling object,five kinds of typical rocks were collected from the capital area of China,Beijing,and thermal infrared (TIR) radiation imaging experiments were conducted in condition of compressively-sheared rock fracturing. It is discovered from the experimental study that:(1) there are two thermal-stress coupling effects,thermoelastic effect and friction-heat effect,in the process of compressively-sheared rock fracturing,and the higher the ratio of compressive stress to shearing stress is,the more obvious the TIR radiation temperature increment is,(2) in condition of dominating compressive strain,there exists abnormal TIR radiation omen of rock fracturing,(3) the TIR omen of rock fracturing is of obvious temporal-spatial features,i.e.,the average TIR radiation temperature of rock surface increases rapidly as the load reaches to about 80% of the compressive-shear strength,and the higher the ratio of the compressive stress to the shearing stress is,the earlier the appearance of the TIR omen is,and the front edge of the abnormal high temperature strip along the shearing face will move forward until fracturing. The results are basically meaningful for the remote sensing and the forecast of some natural and rock engineering disasters,such as earthquake,rock burst,mine burst and landslide.
The fracturing of initial rock mass is another mechanism of tectonic earthquake. Taking it for experimental modeling object,five kinds of typical rocks were collected from the capital area of China,Beijing,and thermal infrared (TIR) radiation imaging experiments were conducted in condition of compressively-sheared rock fracturing. It is discovered from the experimental study that:(1) there are two thermal-stress coupling effects,thermoelastic effect and friction-heat effect,in the process of compressively-sheared rock fracturing,and the higher the ratio of compressive stress to shearing stress is,the more obvious the TIR radiation temperature increment is,(2) in condition of dominating compressive strain,there exists abnormal TIR radiation omen of rock fracturing,(3) the TIR omen of rock fracturing is of obvious temporal-spatial features,i.e.,the average TIR radiation temperature of rock surface increases rapidly as the load reaches to about 80% of the compressive-shear strength,and the higher the ratio of the compressive stress to the shearing stress is,the earlier the appearance of the TIR omen is,and the front edge of the abnormal high temperature strip along the shearing face will move forward until fracturing. The results are basically meaningful for the remote sensing and the forecast of some natural and rock engineering disasters,such as earthquake,rock burst,mine burst and landslide.
引文
1BraceW F,ByerleeJ D.Stick slip as a mechanism for earthquakes[J].Science,1966,153,990～992
2陈.地壳岩石的力学性能——理论基础与实验方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1988
3耿乃光,崔承禹,邓明德.岩石破裂实验中的遥感观测与遥感岩石力学的开端[J].地震学报,1992,14(增):645～652
4崔承禹,邓明德,耿乃光.在不同压力下岩石光谱辐射特性研究[J].科学通报,1993,38(6):538～541
5邓明德,崔承禹,耿乃光.遥感用于地震预报的理论及实验结果[J].中国地震,1993,9(2):163～169
6邓明德,樊正芳,耿乃光等.混凝土的微波辐射和红外辐射随应力变化的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(6):57 7～583
7WuLX,Wan gJ Z.Featur esofinf rared the rmalimage andradiatio nt empe ratur eofcoalrocksloade d[J].ScienceinChina,1998,41(2): 158～1 64
8Wu LX,C uiCY,Geng NG,etal .Rem otesensingrockm ech anics(RSRM )andassociat edexperimentalstudies[J].Int.J.RockMech.&Min.Sci.,2000,37(6):879～888
9吴立新.遥感岩石力学及其新近进展与未来发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):139～146
10吴立新,李国华,吴焕萍.热红外成像用于固体撞击瞬态过程监测的实验探索[J].科学通报,2001,46(2):172～176
11刘善军,吴立新,吴焕萍等.多暗色矿物类岩石单轴加载过程中红外辐射定量研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21 (11):1 585～ 1589
12W uLX, LiuS J,Wu YH.ChangesinIRwithrockdeformation[J].Int.J.RockMech.&Min.Sci.,2002,39(6):825～8 31
13HarwoodN,CummingsWM.ThermoelasticStres sAnalysis[M].Bristol:IOPPublishingLtd.,1991
2陈.地壳岩石的力学性能——理论基础与实验方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1988
3耿乃光,崔承禹,邓明德.岩石破裂实验中的遥感观测与遥感岩石力学的开端[J].地震学报,1992,14(增):645～652
4崔承禹,邓明德,耿乃光.在不同压力下岩石光谱辐射特性研究[J].科学通报,1993,38(6):538～541
5邓明德,崔承禹,耿乃光.遥感用于地震预报的理论及实验结果[J].中国地震,1993,9(2):163～169
6邓明德,樊正芳,耿乃光等.混凝土的微波辐射和红外辐射随应力变化的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(6):57 7～583
7WuLX,Wan gJ Z.Featur esofinf rared the rmalimage andradiatio nt empe ratur eofcoalrocksloade d[J].ScienceinChina,1998,41(2): 158～1 64
8Wu LX,C uiCY,Geng NG,etal .Rem otesensingrockm ech anics(RSRM )andassociat edexperimentalstudies[J].Int.J.RockMech.&Min.Sci.,2000,37(6):879～888
9吴立新.遥感岩石力学及其新近进展与未来发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):139～146
10吴立新,李国华,吴焕萍.热红外成像用于固体撞击瞬态过程监测的实验探索[J].科学通报,2001,46(2):172～176
11刘善军,吴立新,吴焕萍等.多暗色矿物类岩石单轴加载过程中红外辐射定量研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21 (11):1 585～ 1589
12W uLX, LiuS J,Wu YH.ChangesinIRwithrockdeformation[J].Int.J.RockMech.&Min.Sci.,2002,39(6):825～8 31
13HarwoodN,CummingsWM.ThermoelasticStres sAnalysis[M].Bristol:IOPPublishingLtd.,1991
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心