顶帽变换在川北长兴组生物礁分布预测中的应用
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摘要
四川盆地北部长兴组碳酸盐岩地层中生物礁发育,是该区油气勘探的主要目的层之一。礁体的分布预测是该区油气勘探面临的现实课题。为此,根据生物礁沉积厚度较同期非礁相地层大的沉积地质学原理,利用地震解释获得的含生物礁地层的时间厚度数据,应用顶帽变换方法开展礁体的平面分布预测,取得满意效果。与人工地震相分析方法相比,该方法具有准确、快速高效和定量化的优点。进行顶帽变换时需要注意的是,结构元素大小的选择应与实际地质体的尺度相符,结构元素过大或过小,均可能导致预测结果的偏差。此外,断层发育等因素可能导致地层厚度出现异常,亦可能对顶帽变换结果造成影响,对此需予以区分。所采用的方法适用于构造变形程度相对较弱的碳酸盐岩地层中礁体的分布预测。
The carbonate rock reservoir with developed reefs has become one of the main pay zones for the hydrocarbon exploration in the Changxing Formation,northern Sichuan Basin.The prediction on the reef bodies distribution is a real challenge for hydrocarbon exploration in this zone.In this study,based on the simple principle of sedimentary geology that a reef-developed stratum usually displays a large thickness abnormal relative to the adjacent contemporaneous non-reef strata,the top-hat transformation method developed in mathematical morphology is introduced to predict the distribution of reef bodies with satisfactory results.Thickness data in two-way travel time acquired from seismic interpretation are used as the input for top-hat transformation.Compared with traditional seismic facies analysis method,the top-hat transformation method has advantages of accuracy,rapidity and quantification.It should be noted that choices of the size of structural elements used in top-hat transformation is vital for a reliable result.Too large or too small of the structural element size will cause an error as a result.In addition,a local thickness abnormal related with faults will also influence the results.Therefore,the top-hat transformation method utilized in this study is suitable for predicting reef bodies in such carbonate reservoirs with weak structure deformation.
The carbonate rock reservoir with developed reefs has become one of the main pay zones for the hydrocarbon exploration in the Changxing Formation,northern Sichuan Basin.The prediction on the reef bodies distribution is a real challenge for hydrocarbon exploration in this zone.In this study,based on the simple principle of sedimentary geology that a reef-developed stratum usually displays a large thickness abnormal relative to the adjacent contemporaneous non-reef strata,the top-hat transformation method developed in mathematical morphology is introduced to predict the distribution of reef bodies with satisfactory results.Thickness data in two-way travel time acquired from seismic interpretation are used as the input for top-hat transformation.Compared with traditional seismic facies analysis method,the top-hat transformation method has advantages of accuracy,rapidity and quantification.It should be noted that choices of the size of structural elements used in top-hat transformation is vital for a reliable result.Too large or too small of the structural element size will cause an error as a result.In addition,a local thickness abnormal related with faults will also influence the results.Therefore,the top-hat transformation method utilized in this study is suitable for predicting reef bodies in such carbonate reservoirs with weak structure deformation.
引文
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[2]邬光辉,黄广建,王振宇,等.塔中奥陶系生物礁地震识别与预测[J].天然气工业,2007,27(4):40-42.
[3]BUBB J N,HATLELID W G.Seismic recognition of car-bonate buildups[C]∥Payton C E.Seismic Stratigrphy-Ap-plications to Hydrocarbon Exploration,AAPG Memoir 26.Tulsa:American Association of Petroleum Geologists,1977:185-204.
[4]SONKA M,HLAVAC V,BOYLE R.I mage processing,a-nalysis,and machine vision[M].2nd ed.Toronto:Thom-son Learning,2008:657-693.
[5]HUVENNE V AI,MOL B D,HENRIET J P.A 3D seis-mic study of the morphology and spatial distribution of bur-ied coral banks in the Porcupine Basin,SWof Ireland[J].Marine Geology,2003,198:5-25.
[6]SERRA J.I mage analysis and mathematical morphology[M].London:Academic Press,1982.
[7]洪海涛,王一刚,杨天泉,等.川北地区长兴组沉积相和生物礁气藏分布规律[J].天然气工业,2008,28(1):38-41.
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