基于Hilbert-Huang变换和随机减量技术的模态参数识别
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摘要
傅里叶分析的信号处理方法对非线性、非平稳信号的处理能力差,传统的模态参数识别方法也存在阻尼比识别精度不高的问题。基于Hilbert-Huang变换和随机减量技术提出了一种新的、实用的模态参数识别方法,首先对结构振动信号进行滤波处理和经验模态分解,得到若干阶本征模态响应,然后利用随机减量技术提取自由衰减响应,进而由Hilbert-Huang变换得到信号的瞬时特性,最后结合模态识别的基本理论识别结构的模态频率和模态阻尼比。为了验证这一方法的有效性,对12层钢筋混凝土框架模型振动台试验一测点的加速度记录进行了处理,识别了模态参数,识别结果与其它识别方法及有限元分析结果的对比表明该方法识别模态频率是可靠的,而模态阻尼比识别的精准性仍然难以确认。
The approaches based on Fourier analysis are not capable to process nonlinear and non-stationary signal.In addition,most of traditional identification methods suffer from low precision for identifying damping.An approach to identify the structural modal parameters based on Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) and random decrement technique(RDT) is proposed.First,the original vibration signal is filtered,and several intrinsic mode functions are obtained by empirical mode decomposition(EMD).Then,the free-decay response of the structure is extracted by RDT,and the instantaneous characteristics of the original signal are obtained via Hilbert Transform(HT).Finally,the basic modal analysis theory is adopted to identify modal frequencies and modal damping ratios.In order to validate this approach,the original acceleration record from the shaking table test of a 12-storey RC frame model is processed and modal parameters are identified by the proposed approach.Identified results are also compared with the results from other identification algorithms and finite element analysis.Comparison indicates that the proposed approach is reliable to identify modal frequencies.But it is still difficult to confirm the precision of the identified modal damping ratios.
The approaches based on Fourier analysis are not capable to process nonlinear and non-stationary signal.In addition,most of traditional identification methods suffer from low precision for identifying damping.An approach to identify the structural modal parameters based on Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) and random decrement technique(RDT) is proposed.First,the original vibration signal is filtered,and several intrinsic mode functions are obtained by empirical mode decomposition(EMD).Then,the free-decay response of the structure is extracted by RDT,and the instantaneous characteristics of the original signal are obtained via Hilbert Transform(HT).Finally,the basic modal analysis theory is adopted to identify modal frequencies and modal damping ratios.In order to validate this approach,the original acceleration record from the shaking table test of a 12-storey RC frame model is processed and modal parameters are identified by the proposed approach.Identified results are also compared with the results from other identification algorithms and finite element analysis.Comparison indicates that the proposed approach is reliable to identify modal frequencies.But it is still difficult to confirm the precision of the identified modal damping ratios.
引文
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[15]Ceravolo R.Use of instantaneous estimators for the evaluation of structural damping[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004:385-401.
[16]黄方林,何旭辉,陈政清,等.识别结构模态阻尼比的一种新方法[J].土木工程学报,2002,35(6):20-23.HUANG Fanglin,HE Xuhui,CHEN Zhengqing,et al.A new approach for identification of modal damping rations for a structure[J].China CivilEngneering Journal,2002,35(6):20-23.
[17]张之颖,谭高铭,吕西林.环境激励下房屋建筑阻尼比的识别方法[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,39(6):767-772.ZHANG Zhiying,TAN Gaoming,LXilin.Study on the identification method of damping for the building under ambient excitation[J].Journal ofXI’AN University of Architecture and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2007,39(6):767-772.
[2]钟佑明,秦树人,汤宝平.一种振动信号新变换法的研究[J].振动工程学报,2002,15(2):233-238.ZHONG Youming,QIN Shuren,TANG Baoping.Study on a new transform method for vibration signal[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2002,15(2):233-238.
[3]Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R,et al.The empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and nonstationary time seriesanalysis[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,1998,454:903-995.
[4]公茂盛,谢礼立.HHT方法在地震工程中的应用之初步探讨[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(3):39-43.GONG Maosheng,XIE Lili.Discussion on the application of HHT method to earthquake engineering[J].World Enrthquake Engineering,2003,19(3):39-43.
[5]Ibrahim S R.Random decrement technique for modal identification of structures[J].Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,1977,14(11):696-700.
[6]陈隽,徐幼麟.HHT方法在结构模态参数识别中的应用[J].振动工程学报,2003,16(3):383-388.CHEN Jun,XU Youlin.Application of HHT for modal parameter identification to civil structures[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2003,16(3):383-388.
[7]Ibrahim S R.Efficient random decrement computation for identification of ambient responses[C]//Proceeding of19th IMAC,Florida,USA,Feb-ruary 5-8,2001:1-6.
[8]Huang NE,shen I,Long S R,et al.The empirical mode dewmposition and hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and nonstationalry time series analysis[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,1998,454:903-995.
[9]Yang JN,LeiY,PanS,HuangN.Systemidentification oflinearstructuresbasedonHilbert-Huangspectralanalysis.Part1:Normalmodes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2003,32(9):1443–1467.
[10]吕西林,李培振,陈跃庆.12层钢筋混凝土标准框架振动台模型试验的完整数据[R].上海:同济大学,2004.LXilin,LI Peizhen,CHEN Yueqing.Complete data of shaking table test on a 12-storey reinforced concrete frame model[R].Shanghai:TongjiUniversity,2004.
[11]韩建平,李达文.基于Hilbert-Huang变换和自然激励技术的模态参数识别[J].工程力学,2010,27(8):54-59.HAN Jianping,LI Dawen.Modal parameter identification based on Hilbert-Huang transform and natrual excitation technique[J].Engineering Me-chanics,2010,27(8):54-59.
[12]韩建平,王飞行,李慧.基于振动台试验的模态参数识别算法比较研究[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2008,25(3):57-60.HAN Jianping,WANG Feixing,LI Hui.Comparison of modal parameter identification algorithms based on shaking table model test data[J].Jour-nal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Urban Science Edition),2008,25(3):57-60.
[13]Pines D,Salvino L.Structural health monitoring using empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert phase[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,294(1-2):97-124.
[14]石春香,罗奇峰,施卫星.基于Hilbert-Huang变换方法的结构损伤诊断[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(1):16-20.SHI Chunxiang,LUO Qifeng,SHI Weixing.Hilbert-Huang transform based approach for structural damage detection[J].Journal of Tongji Uni-versity(Natural Science),2005,33(1):16-20.
[15]Ceravolo R.Use of instantaneous estimators for the evaluation of structural damping[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004:385-401.
[16]黄方林,何旭辉,陈政清,等.识别结构模态阻尼比的一种新方法[J].土木工程学报,2002,35(6):20-23.HUANG Fanglin,HE Xuhui,CHEN Zhengqing,et al.A new approach for identification of modal damping rations for a structure[J].China CivilEngneering Journal,2002,35(6):20-23.
[17]张之颖,谭高铭,吕西林.环境激励下房屋建筑阻尼比的识别方法[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,39(6):767-772.ZHANG Zhiying,TAN Gaoming,LXilin.Study on the identification method of damping for the building under ambient excitation[J].Journal ofXI’AN University of Architecture and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2007,39(6):767-772.
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