利用小波变换方法分析跨断层形变异常
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摘要
为了从跨断层形变观测资料中获取中强地震的前兆异常信息 ,运用二进小波变换方法和噪声与信号的定量识别方法 ,分析了不同尺度的小波变换的细节信号变化特征。研究结果表明 :( 1)不同尺度小波变换分解的细节信号显示出不同的时变特征。当尺度为 1时 ,细节信号主要为噪声 ;尺度为 2、4、5时 ,细节信号主要为非平稳信号 ;尺度为 3时 ,细节信号主要为平稳周期信号 ;( 2 )每月观测一次的跨断层形变资料在尺度为 3时的细节信号有较好的年周期特征 ;( 3)当尺度为 3时的细节信号变化超出 2倍均方误差时 ,测点周围 2 0 0km左右范围内发生中强地震的可能性很大
In order to catch the seismic anomalous informations from deformation observation before moderately strong earthquake, we applied wavelet transform method and quantitative recognition method of noise and signal to analyze the characteristics of the detailed part of signal variation after wavelet decomposition. The research results indicate that: (1)the detailed decomposed signal characteristics of wavelet were different when the scale was different:The detailed decomposing signal of wavelet contains mainly noise corresponding with scale 1; the detailed decomposing signal is non stationary when scale are equal to 2,4 and 5,and the signal is quasi periodic when scale is equal to 3;(2)The detailed signal of wavelet of monthly cross fault deformation data have annually periodic feature when scale is equal to 3;(3)It is considerably possible that a moderately strong earthquake will occur in the range of about 200 km from the observation point when the detailed signal variation exceeds the double mean square error and the scale is 3.
In order to catch the seismic anomalous informations from deformation observation before moderately strong earthquake, we applied wavelet transform method and quantitative recognition method of noise and signal to analyze the characteristics of the detailed part of signal variation after wavelet decomposition. The research results indicate that: (1)the detailed decomposed signal characteristics of wavelet were different when the scale was different:The detailed decomposing signal of wavelet contains mainly noise corresponding with scale 1; the detailed decomposing signal is non stationary when scale are equal to 2,4 and 5,and the signal is quasi periodic when scale is equal to 3;(2)The detailed signal of wavelet of monthly cross fault deformation data have annually periodic feature when scale is equal to 3;(3)It is considerably possible that a moderately strong earthquake will occur in the range of about 200 km from the observation point when the detailed signal variation exceeds the double mean square error and the scale is 3.
引文
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8 张永志,王文萍.华北定点形变的小波分析与地震活动研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1998,18(3):48～54.8 ZhangYongzhiandWangWenping.Relationshipbetweenwavelettransfornresultsofstationdeformationandseismici tyinnorthpartofChina[J].CrustalDeformationandEarthquake,1998,18(3):48-54.(inChinese)
9 敬少群,王佳卫,童迎世.小波变换在少震、弱震区地下水位数据分析中的应用[J].华南地震,2002,22(2):9～15.9 JingShaoqun,WangJiawei,etal.Theapplicationofwavelettransformtotheprocessofwaterlevelobservationdataforweakearthquakeregion[J].SouthChinaJournalofSeismolgy,2002,22(2):9-15.(inChinese)
10 宋治平,武安绪,王梅,等.小波分析方法在形变数字化资料处理中的应用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(4):21～27.10 SongZhiping,WuAnxu,WangMei,etal.Applicationofwavelettransformtoanalysisofdigitaldeformationdata[J].JournalGeodesyandGeodynamics,2003,23(4):21-27.(inChinese)
11 万永革,齐福荣,孟晓春,等.中国大陆及华北地区地震资料的小波分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(4):28～33.11 WanYongge,QiFurong,MengXiaochun,etal.WaveletanalysisofseismicdatainChinesemainlandandNorthChina[J].JournalGeodesyandGeodynamics,2003,23(4):28-33.(inChinese)
12 张燕,吴云,刘永启,等.潮汐形变资料中地震前兆信息的识别与提取[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(4):34～39.12 ZhangYan,WuYun,LiuYongqi,etal.Identificationandextractionofearthquakeprecursorfromtidaldeformationdata[J].JournalGeodesyandGeodynamics,2003,23(4):34-39.(inChinese)
13 中国地震局监测预报司编著.地震前兆异常落实工作指南[M].北京:地震出版社.2000.19～24.13 MonitoringandForecastDepartment,CSB .Guideofveri ficationofseismicprecursoryanomalies[M ].Beijing:Seis mologicalPress,2000.19-24.(inChinese)
14 李杰,闫洪鹏,郑传贝.对西冶、五胜流动短水准异常的分析探讨[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(4):65～69.14 LiJie,YanHongpengandZhenChuanbei.DiscussiononanonalyofmobileshortlevelingmeasurementsinXiyieandWushengareas[J]JournalofGeodesyandGeodynamics,2003,23(4):65-69(inChinese)
15 李杰,韩海华,闫德桥.沂沭断裂带垂直形变与断层活动特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(2):106～111.15 LiJie,HanHaihaandYanDeqiao.AnalysisofCharacteris ticsofverticaldeformationandfaultingofYishufaultzone[J].JournalofGeodesyandGeodynamics,2002,22(2):106-111(inChinese)
16 李杰,范德海,闫洪鹏.沂沭断裂带上跨断层定点水准高值变化分析[J].防灾救灾工程学报,2003,23(2):88～93.16 LiJie,FanDehaiandYanHongpeng.Analysisofhighob servationalvalueoffissexcross faultlevelinginYishufault zone[J].JournalofDisasterPreventionandMitiga tionEngineering,2003,23(2):88-93(inChinese)
17 张肇成,郑大林,徐京华.中国震例(1989-1991)[M ].北京:地震出版社,2000,87～348.17 ZhangZaocheng,ZhenDalin,etal.EarthquakecasesinChina(1989-1991)[M ].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,2000,371-389.(inChinese)
18 陈棋福,郑大林,刘桂萍,等.中国震例(1995-1996)[M ].北京:地震出版社,2002.371～389.18 ChenQifu,ZhenDalin,etal.EeathquakecasesinChina(1989-1991)[M ].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,2002,371-389.(inChinese)
19 李杰,陈强,陈岩.苍山4.4级地震与相公庄水准短临前兆异常[J].地震学刊,1992,12(3):8～13.19 LiJie,ChengQiang,etal.OntheCanshanearthquakeof4.4magnitudeandtheshort impendinganomalyofXiangGongzhuangleveling[J].JournalofSeismology.1992,12(3):.8-13.(inChinese)
20 张贤达,保铮著.非平稳信号分析与处理[M ].北京:国防工业出版社.307～322.20 ZhangXiandaandBaozhen.Analysisandtreatmentaboutnon stationarysignal[M ].Beijing:NationalDefenceIn dustryPress.1995,307-322.(inChinese)
21 中国地震局预测预防司.大陆地震预报的方法和理论—中国“八五”地震预报研究进展[M ].北京:地震出版社,1998,345.21 ForecastandPreventionDepartment,CSB .Themethodandtheoryofcontinentalearthquakeprediction researchandprogressofearthquakepredictionofChinainthe“85”period[M ].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1998,345.(inChinese)
2 高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明,等.地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3):392～400.2 GaoJinghuai,WangWenbing,etal.Onthechoiceofwaveletfunctionsforseismicdataprocessing[J].ActaGeo physicaSinica,1996,39(3):392-400.(inChinese)
3 刘希强,周蕙兰,曹文海,等.高斯线调频小波及其在震相识别中的应用[J].地震学报,2002,24(6):07～615.3 LiuXiqing,ZhouHuilan,etal.Gausslinearfrequencymod ulationwavelettransformanditsapplicationtoseismicphas esidentification[J].ActaSeismologicaSinica,2002,24(6):07-615.(inChinese)
4 刘希强,周蕙兰,沈萍,等.用于三分向记录震相识别的小波变换方法[J].地震学报,2000,22(2):125～131.4 LiuXiqing,ZhouHuilan,etal.Identificationmethodofseis micphasesthree componentseismogramsonthebasisofwavelettransform[J].ActaSeismologicaSinica,2000,22(2):125-131.(inChinese)
5 刘希强,周蕙兰,郑治真,等.基于小波包变换的弱震相识别方法[J].地震学报.1998,20(2):373～380.5 LiuXiqing,ZhouHuilan,etal.Identificationmethodofweakseismicphasesonthebasisofwaveletpackettrans form[J].ActaSeismologicaSinica,1998,20(2):373-380.(inChinese)
6 张永志,丁平,王继英,等.河西重力变化的小波分解与地震关系研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1997,17(3):27～32.6 ZhangYongzhi,DingPing,etal.RelationshipbetweenwaveletanalysisresultsofgravityandearthquakesinHexiregion[J].CrustalDeformationandEarthquake,1997,17(3):27-32.(inChinese)
7 张永志,王双绪.河西地区地壳垂直形变的小波分析结果与中强震关系研究[J].地震学报.1998,20(2):150～157.7 ZhangYongzhi,Wangshuangxu.Theresearchonrelation shipbetweenwavelettransformonverticaldeformationandmoderateearthquakeinHexiregion,GansuProvince[J].ActaSeismologicaSinica,1998,20(2):150-157.(inChi nese)
8 张永志,王文萍.华北定点形变的小波分析与地震活动研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1998,18(3):48～54.8 ZhangYongzhiandWangWenping.Relationshipbetweenwavelettransfornresultsofstationdeformationandseismici tyinnorthpartofChina[J].CrustalDeformationandEarthquake,1998,18(3):48-54.(inChinese)
9 敬少群,王佳卫,童迎世.小波变换在少震、弱震区地下水位数据分析中的应用[J].华南地震,2002,22(2):9～15.9 JingShaoqun,WangJiawei,etal.Theapplicationofwavelettransformtotheprocessofwaterlevelobservationdataforweakearthquakeregion[J].SouthChinaJournalofSeismolgy,2002,22(2):9-15.(inChinese)
10 宋治平,武安绪,王梅,等.小波分析方法在形变数字化资料处理中的应用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(4):21～27.10 SongZhiping,WuAnxu,WangMei,etal.Applicationofwavelettransformtoanalysisofdigitaldeformationdata[J].JournalGeodesyandGeodynamics,2003,23(4):21-27.(inChinese)
11 万永革,齐福荣,孟晓春,等.中国大陆及华北地区地震资料的小波分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(4):28～33.11 WanYongge,QiFurong,MengXiaochun,etal.WaveletanalysisofseismicdatainChinesemainlandandNorthChina[J].JournalGeodesyandGeodynamics,2003,23(4):28-33.(inChinese)
12 张燕,吴云,刘永启,等.潮汐形变资料中地震前兆信息的识别与提取[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(4):34～39.12 ZhangYan,WuYun,LiuYongqi,etal.Identificationandextractionofearthquakeprecursorfromtidaldeformationdata[J].JournalGeodesyandGeodynamics,2003,23(4):34-39.(inChinese)
13 中国地震局监测预报司编著.地震前兆异常落实工作指南[M].北京:地震出版社.2000.19～24.13 MonitoringandForecastDepartment,CSB .Guideofveri ficationofseismicprecursoryanomalies[M ].Beijing:Seis mologicalPress,2000.19-24.(inChinese)
14 李杰,闫洪鹏,郑传贝.对西冶、五胜流动短水准异常的分析探讨[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(4):65～69.14 LiJie,YanHongpengandZhenChuanbei.DiscussiononanonalyofmobileshortlevelingmeasurementsinXiyieandWushengareas[J]JournalofGeodesyandGeodynamics,2003,23(4):65-69(inChinese)
15 李杰,韩海华,闫德桥.沂沭断裂带垂直形变与断层活动特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(2):106～111.15 LiJie,HanHaihaandYanDeqiao.AnalysisofCharacteris ticsofverticaldeformationandfaultingofYishufaultzone[J].JournalofGeodesyandGeodynamics,2002,22(2):106-111(inChinese)
16 李杰,范德海,闫洪鹏.沂沭断裂带上跨断层定点水准高值变化分析[J].防灾救灾工程学报,2003,23(2):88～93.16 LiJie,FanDehaiandYanHongpeng.Analysisofhighob servationalvalueoffissexcross faultlevelinginYishufault zone[J].JournalofDisasterPreventionandMitiga tionEngineering,2003,23(2):88-93(inChinese)
17 张肇成,郑大林,徐京华.中国震例(1989-1991)[M ].北京:地震出版社,2000,87～348.17 ZhangZaocheng,ZhenDalin,etal.EarthquakecasesinChina(1989-1991)[M ].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,2000,371-389.(inChinese)
18 陈棋福,郑大林,刘桂萍,等.中国震例(1995-1996)[M ].北京:地震出版社,2002.371～389.18 ChenQifu,ZhenDalin,etal.EeathquakecasesinChina(1989-1991)[M ].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,2002,371-389.(inChinese)
19 李杰,陈强,陈岩.苍山4.4级地震与相公庄水准短临前兆异常[J].地震学刊,1992,12(3):8～13.19 LiJie,ChengQiang,etal.OntheCanshanearthquakeof4.4magnitudeandtheshort impendinganomalyofXiangGongzhuangleveling[J].JournalofSeismology.1992,12(3):.8-13.(inChinese)
20 张贤达,保铮著.非平稳信号分析与处理[M ].北京:国防工业出版社.307～322.20 ZhangXiandaandBaozhen.Analysisandtreatmentaboutnon stationarysignal[M ].Beijing:NationalDefenceIn dustryPress.1995,307-322.(inChinese)
21 中国地震局预测预防司.大陆地震预报的方法和理论—中国“八五”地震预报研究进展[M ].北京:地震出版社,1998,345.21 ForecastandPreventionDepartment,CSB .Themethodandtheoryofcontinentalearthquakeprediction researchandprogressofearthquakepredictionofChinainthe“85”period[M ].Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1998,345.(inChinese)
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