利用卫星热红外观测地球排气现象的一次尝试
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摘要
一些研究者认为地震前卫星热红外增温与地球排气有关。因此 ,能否在卫星影像上观测到排气现象就成了一个关键问题。作者选择了 2个确实发生排气现象的地点 ,一个在发生了高压高浓度井喷的重庆开县事故现场 ,另一个在昆仑山口西 8.1级地震后持续排气的震中附近。分析了排气发生前后的卫星热红外影像特征 ,获取了排气过程在热红外影像上的异常反映 ,进而对地球排气现象及其用卫星热红外监测的可行性进行了一些初步探讨。结果表明 ,井喷事故冒出的气体和气体点燃后产生的大火均在热红外影像上有明显的反映 ,可以用热红外遥感探测得到。而昆仑山口西 8.1级地震后沿断裂带的冒气现象在热红外影像上反映不太明显 ,靠目视解译很难发现与冒气有关的影像异常 ,但从亮温值的对比分析看 ,无论是震前的 1 999年还是震后的 2 0 0 3年 ,地面冒气地点的亮温值均较周围略偏高
Some researchers believe that satellite thermal infrared anomaly before earthquake is related to gas releasing of the earth. Accordingly, whether the gas releasing phenomena can be observed by satel￣lite thermal infrared remote sensing becomes a key problem. In this paper, two sites where gas releasing phenomena of the Earth occurred assuredly were selected for the study of this key problem. One is the Kaixian County where high pressure and high concentration gas blow out event of the No.16 oil well took place, and the other is around the epicenter of the west of Kunlunshan Pass M S8.1 earthquake where gas releasing has been observed to continuously occur along the Kunlunshan Fault even one year after the earthquake. The characteristic features of satellite thermal infrared images before and after gas releasing process have been analyzed, and the thermal infrared anomaly related to gas releasing or gas blow out has been identified. Furthermore, the feasibility to observe gas releasing phenomena by satellite thermal infrared was discussed. The result shows that the gases blew out from the oil well and the fire from ignited gases are distinctly reflected on satellite thermal infrared images, but the gas releasing phenomena along the Kunlunshan Fault after the M S 8 1 earthquake are poorly displayed on thermal infrared image, so that the infrared thermal anomaly related to gas releasing along this fault is difficult to be recognized by visual interpretation. The comparison of brightness temperature, however, has revealed that the brightness temperature in the gas releasing sites along the fault is higher than that of the surrounding areas either before or after the earthquake.
Some researchers believe that satellite thermal infrared anomaly before earthquake is related to gas releasing of the earth. Accordingly, whether the gas releasing phenomena can be observed by satel￣lite thermal infrared remote sensing becomes a key problem. In this paper, two sites where gas releasing phenomena of the Earth occurred assuredly were selected for the study of this key problem. One is the Kaixian County where high pressure and high concentration gas blow out event of the No.16 oil well took place, and the other is around the epicenter of the west of Kunlunshan Pass M S8.1 earthquake where gas releasing has been observed to continuously occur along the Kunlunshan Fault even one year after the earthquake. The characteristic features of satellite thermal infrared images before and after gas releasing process have been analyzed, and the thermal infrared anomaly related to gas releasing or gas blow out has been identified. Furthermore, the feasibility to observe gas releasing phenomena by satellite thermal infrared was discussed. The result shows that the gases blew out from the oil well and the fire from ignited gases are distinctly reflected on satellite thermal infrared images, but the gas releasing phenomena along the Kunlunshan Fault after the M S 8 1 earthquake are poorly displayed on thermal infrared image, so that the infrared thermal anomaly related to gas releasing along this fault is difficult to be recognized by visual interpretation. The comparison of brightness temperature, however, has revealed that the brightness temperature in the gas releasing sites along the fault is higher than that of the surrounding areas either before or after the earthquake.
引文
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TroninAA ,MasashiH ,MolchanovOA .2002.ThermalIRsatellitedataapplicationforearthquakeresearchinJapanandChina〔J〕.JournalofGeodynamics,33:519—534.
王洪涛,强祖基.1995.应用卫星热红外异常预测地震的研究〔J〕.地球科学进展,10(6):537—541.WANGHong tao,QIANGZu ji.1995.Reserarchonearthquakepredicationusingsatellitethermalinfraredanomaly〔J〕.AdvanceinEarthSciences,10(6):537—541(inChinese).
尹京苑,房宗绯,钱家栋,等.2000.红外遥感用于地震预测及其物理机理研究〔J〕.中国地震,16(2):140—148.YINJing yuan,FANGZong fei,QIANJia dong,etal.2000.Researchontheapplicationofinfraredremotesensinginearthquakepredictionanditsphysicalmechanism〔J〕.EarthquakeResearchinChina,16(2):140—148(inChinese).
郑兰哲,强祖基,赁常恭.1996.卫星热红外影像在地震短临预报中的应用〔J〕.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,21(6):665—668.ZHENGLan zhe,QIANGZu ji,DIANChang gong.1996.Practiceandresearchonshort term impendingearthquakepredictionbyinterpretingsatellitethermalinfraredanomalyimage〔J〕.EarthScience—JournalofChinaUniversityofGeosciences,21(6):665—668(inChinese).
TroninAA ,MasashiH ,MolchanovOA .2002.ThermalIRsatellitedataapplicationforearthquakeresearchinJapanandChina〔J〕.JournalofGeodynamics,33:519—534.
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