地壳应变场观测中体应变与面应变转换系数的计算
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摘要
将钻孔体应变仪与分量式应变仪的观测资料在面应变平台上进行整合,对于解决目前两种应变仪观测数据的评估、分析、处理和地震预报问题有实际意义.根据潘立宙-陈沅俊和Evertson理论及弹性力学知识,分别建立了平面应力作用下体应变和面应变观测的力学模型,推导了观测钻孔、空孔和无孔岩石体应变与面应变转换系数的计算公式,发现它们都可以归结为同一公式描述,差异仅在于k(体应变仪钢筒内壁或无孔岩石面应变与空孔岩石面应变之比)的取值不同.用Evertson理论推导的公式与空孔岩石情形相近,当岩石弹性模量为4×1010—8×1010Pa时,二者都可以看成是对潘-陈公式的一种简化、近似计算;无孔岩石的情况则相当于在岩石弹性模量为1×1010Pa时对该式的一种估计.文中结合实际情况对转换系数的各种影响因素进行了详细分析.
This study aims at integrating the observational data recorded by borehole volume strainmeters and component borehole strainmeters on the area strain basis.This is helpful for current data evaluation,data processing and analysis,and earthquake prediction.Based on the Pan-Chen model ( Pan;Chen and Yang), Evertson theory and theory of elasticity,both volume strain and area strain models were set up under area stress.In addition,we have derived similar formulas for calculating transform coefficient between volume strain and area strain in observation hole,empty hole and non-porous rock condition ,respectively.The difference only lies in the factor k ( ratio of volume strain gauge on the steel cylinder wall or non-porous rock surface strain to area strain of the empty hole rock) .The theoretical formula derived from Evertson model is close to the case of empty hole rock with the rock elastic modulus ranged from 4×10 10 Pa to 8×10 10 Pa.Both results may be regarded as a simplified Pan-Chen model.For non-porous rock,the factor k may be predicted by taking rock modulus as 1×10 10 Pa.This paper discussed some factors related to transform coefficient based on real observation data.
This study aims at integrating the observational data recorded by borehole volume strainmeters and component borehole strainmeters on the area strain basis.This is helpful for current data evaluation,data processing and analysis,and earthquake prediction.Based on the Pan-Chen model ( Pan;Chen and Yang), Evertson theory and theory of elasticity,both volume strain and area strain models were set up under area stress.In addition,we have derived similar formulas for calculating transform coefficient between volume strain and area strain in observation hole,empty hole and non-porous rock condition ,respectively.The difference only lies in the factor k ( ratio of volume strain gauge on the steel cylinder wall or non-porous rock surface strain to area strain of the empty hole rock) .The theoretical formula derived from Evertson model is close to the case of empty hole rock with the rock elastic modulus ranged from 4×10 10 Pa to 8×10 10 Pa.Both results may be regarded as a simplified Pan-Chen model.For non-porous rock,the factor k may be predicted by taking rock modulus as 1×10 10 Pa.This paper discussed some factors related to transform coefficient based on real observation data.
引文
陈沅俊,杨修信.1990.双衬套钻孔应变测量的计算[J].华北地震科学,8(4):80--89.
刘澜波,何世海,宁长平,刘北顺.1986.Sacks-Evertson钻孔应变仪观测网在京津地区安装[J].中国地震,2(4):102--104.
牛安福,张凌空,闫伟,吉平.2011.中国钻孔应变观测能力及在地震预报中的应用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,31(2):48--52.
欧阳祖熙,张钧,陈征.2009.地壳形变深井综合观测技术的新进展[J].国际地震动态,(11):1--13.
潘立宙.1981.与地应力测量有关的几个公式的推导和讨论[M]∥地应力测量原理与应用.北京:地质出版社:163--202.
邱泽华,石耀霖.2004.国外钻孔应变观测的发展现状[J].地震学报,26(增刊):162--168.
邱泽华,石耀霖,欧阳祖熙.2005a.四分量钻孔应变观测的实地相对标定[J].大地测量与地球动力学,25(1):118--122.
邱泽华,石耀霖,欧阳祖熙.2005b.四分量钻孔应变观测的实地绝对标定[J].地震,25(3):27--34.
邱泽华.2010.中国分量钻孔地应力-应变观测发展重要事件回顾[J].大地测量与地球动力学,30(5):42--47.
苏恺之,李海亮,张均,李秀环,马相波.2003.钻孔地应变观测新进展[M].北京:地震出版社:1--56.
王仁.1979.固体力学基础[M].北京:地质出版社:188.
张宝红.2004.美国的板块边界观测(PBO)计划[J].大地测量与地球动力学,24(3):105--108.
张宝红.2010.美国板块边界观测(PBO)中的钻孔应变观测设备[J].大地测量与地球动力学,30(增刊Ⅰ):40--44.
张凌空,王广才,牛安福.2011.周期气压波对地壳应变场观测影响的若干因素分析[J].地震学报,33(3):351--361.
周龙寿,邱泽华,唐磊.2008.地壳应变场对气压短周期变化的响应[J].地球物理学进展,23(6):1717--1726.
未广重二.1979.地殻变動連續観測と埋入式歪計(Ⅰ)[J].测候时报,46(1--2):9--25.
Evertson D W.1977.Borehole strainmeters for seismology[R]∥Rep.ARL-TR-77-62.Applied research Lab,University ofTexas,Audtin,Texas:1--141.
Roeloffs E.2010.Tidal calibration of plate boundary observatory borehole strainmeters:Roles of vertical and shearcoupling[J].J Geophys Res,115(B06405):25.
Sacks I S,Evertson D W.1971.Sensitive borehole strain-rate meters[M]∥Carnegie Institution,Washington Yearbook.Washington:Carnegie Institution,68:448--453.
刘澜波,何世海,宁长平,刘北顺.1986.Sacks-Evertson钻孔应变仪观测网在京津地区安装[J].中国地震,2(4):102--104.
牛安福,张凌空,闫伟,吉平.2011.中国钻孔应变观测能力及在地震预报中的应用[J].大地测量与地球动力学,31(2):48--52.
欧阳祖熙,张钧,陈征.2009.地壳形变深井综合观测技术的新进展[J].国际地震动态,(11):1--13.
潘立宙.1981.与地应力测量有关的几个公式的推导和讨论[M]∥地应力测量原理与应用.北京:地质出版社:163--202.
邱泽华,石耀霖.2004.国外钻孔应变观测的发展现状[J].地震学报,26(增刊):162--168.
邱泽华,石耀霖,欧阳祖熙.2005a.四分量钻孔应变观测的实地相对标定[J].大地测量与地球动力学,25(1):118--122.
邱泽华,石耀霖,欧阳祖熙.2005b.四分量钻孔应变观测的实地绝对标定[J].地震,25(3):27--34.
邱泽华.2010.中国分量钻孔地应力-应变观测发展重要事件回顾[J].大地测量与地球动力学,30(5):42--47.
苏恺之,李海亮,张均,李秀环,马相波.2003.钻孔地应变观测新进展[M].北京:地震出版社:1--56.
王仁.1979.固体力学基础[M].北京:地质出版社:188.
张宝红.2004.美国的板块边界观测(PBO)计划[J].大地测量与地球动力学,24(3):105--108.
张宝红.2010.美国板块边界观测(PBO)中的钻孔应变观测设备[J].大地测量与地球动力学,30(增刊Ⅰ):40--44.
张凌空,王广才,牛安福.2011.周期气压波对地壳应变场观测影响的若干因素分析[J].地震学报,33(3):351--361.
周龙寿,邱泽华,唐磊.2008.地壳应变场对气压短周期变化的响应[J].地球物理学进展,23(6):1717--1726.
未广重二.1979.地殻变動連續観測と埋入式歪計(Ⅰ)[J].测候时报,46(1--2):9--25.
Evertson D W.1977.Borehole strainmeters for seismology[R]∥Rep.ARL-TR-77-62.Applied research Lab,University ofTexas,Audtin,Texas:1--141.
Roeloffs E.2010.Tidal calibration of plate boundary observatory borehole strainmeters:Roles of vertical and shearcoupling[J].J Geophys Res,115(B06405):25.
Sacks I S,Evertson D W.1971.Sensitive borehole strain-rate meters[M]∥Carnegie Institution,Washington Yearbook.Washington:Carnegie Institution,68:448--453.
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