煤田三维地震勘探的观测系统设计现状与讨论
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摘要
根据煤田三维地震观测系统设计现状,指出常规的的评价参数已不能完整反映观测系统的性能。在煤田精细构造和岩性勘探中,还需增加对采集脚印、反射弥散、目的层照明度和照明率等属性的分析。通过对几种观测系统从循环节、唯一炮检距覆盖次数、炮检距变化系数等属性的分析讨论,认为:①对目前常用的1/2横向滚动的束状观测系统应通过减少滚动线数进行优化;②在低信噪比和静较正问题突出、勘探目的以构造为主的地区,应采用有利于构造成像的窄方位观测系统,在高信噪比和静较正问题不突出的地区,应采用有利于提高分辨率和储层预测的宽方位观测系统;③同类型观测系统就其面元属性而言,斜交型观测系统普遍优于正交型观测系统。
Based on the status quo of coalfield 3D seismic prospecting recording geometry design,pointed out that the conventional assessment parameters can not reflect the performance of recording geometry.In coalfield precision structural and lithologic prospecting needs to adding attribute analysis for acquisition footprint,reflective dispersion,target illumination intensity and utilization coefficient etc.Through some recording geometry loop body,unique offset fold and offset variability coefficient attribute analysis and discussion,suggested: ① With regard to 1/2 transversal looping bunchy recording geometry in common use at present should be optimized through loop number reducing;② In structural prospecting areas with low S/N ratio and protruding problems of statics should use narrow azimuth recording geometry in favor of structure imaging,while in high S/N ratio,less problems of statics areas should use wide azimuth recording geometry in favor of resolution improving and reservoir prediction;③ Similar typed recording geometry with regard to its bin attribute,the skew-swath type gains advantage over orthogonal-swath type recording geometry at large.
Based on the status quo of coalfield 3D seismic prospecting recording geometry design,pointed out that the conventional assessment parameters can not reflect the performance of recording geometry.In coalfield precision structural and lithologic prospecting needs to adding attribute analysis for acquisition footprint,reflective dispersion,target illumination intensity and utilization coefficient etc.Through some recording geometry loop body,unique offset fold and offset variability coefficient attribute analysis and discussion,suggested: ① With regard to 1/2 transversal looping bunchy recording geometry in common use at present should be optimized through loop number reducing;② In structural prospecting areas with low S/N ratio and protruding problems of statics should use narrow azimuth recording geometry in favor of structure imaging,while in high S/N ratio,less problems of statics areas should use wide azimuth recording geometry in favor of resolution improving and reservoir prediction;③ Similar typed recording geometry with regard to its bin attribute,the skew-swath type gains advantage over orthogonal-swath type recording geometry at large.
引文
[1]程建远,郭恒庆,王屹,等.三维地震施工设计中几个有关问题的探讨[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(增刊):5-8.
[2]武喜尊.关于煤炭三维地震勘探发展的几点思考[J].中国煤田地质,2007,19(2):66-69.
[3]印兴耀,韩文功,李振春,等.地震技术新进展(上)[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.
[4]彭晓波,彭苏萍,詹阎,等.P波方位AVO在煤层裂缝探测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2960-2965.
[5]常锁亮,刘大锰,王明寿.煤层气勘探开发中地震技术的作用与应用探讨[J].中国煤层气,2008,(2).
[6]陈强,刘鸿福.应用P波AVO技术预测煤层气储层裂隙[J].科技情报开发与经济,2008,13,131-133.
[7]姚本全.三维地震采集设计方法研究[J].江汉石油学院院报,2004,26(增刊):58-60.
[8]赵明金,尚新民,王元庆,等.三维地震观测系统对AVO处理的影响[J].物探与化探2003,27(1):55-58.
[9]白焕新,俞寿朋,刘洋.基于CMP理论的横向分辨率研究[G].中国地球物理2006:35-36.
[10]董世泰,刘雯林,乐金.压制三维地震数据采集脚印的方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):7-10.
[11]张军华,张帆,郑旭刚,等.地震采集脚印综合评述[J].石油仪器,2007,21(5):1-4.
[12]Andreas Cordsen John W.Peirce著,俞寿朋,等译.陆上三维地震勘探设计[M].河北涿州:石油物探局,1996.
[13]尹成,吕公河,田继东,等.基于地球物理目标参数的三维观测系统优化设计[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):74-78.
[14]赵殿栋,郭健,王咸彬,等.基于模型面向目标的观测系统优化设计技术[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(2):119-122.
[2]武喜尊.关于煤炭三维地震勘探发展的几点思考[J].中国煤田地质,2007,19(2):66-69.
[3]印兴耀,韩文功,李振春,等.地震技术新进展(上)[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.
[4]彭晓波,彭苏萍,詹阎,等.P波方位AVO在煤层裂缝探测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2960-2965.
[5]常锁亮,刘大锰,王明寿.煤层气勘探开发中地震技术的作用与应用探讨[J].中国煤层气,2008,(2).
[6]陈强,刘鸿福.应用P波AVO技术预测煤层气储层裂隙[J].科技情报开发与经济,2008,13,131-133.
[7]姚本全.三维地震采集设计方法研究[J].江汉石油学院院报,2004,26(增刊):58-60.
[8]赵明金,尚新民,王元庆,等.三维地震观测系统对AVO处理的影响[J].物探与化探2003,27(1):55-58.
[9]白焕新,俞寿朋,刘洋.基于CMP理论的横向分辨率研究[G].中国地球物理2006:35-36.
[10]董世泰,刘雯林,乐金.压制三维地震数据采集脚印的方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):7-10.
[11]张军华,张帆,郑旭刚,等.地震采集脚印综合评述[J].石油仪器,2007,21(5):1-4.
[12]Andreas Cordsen John W.Peirce著,俞寿朋,等译.陆上三维地震勘探设计[M].河北涿州:石油物探局,1996.
[13]尹成,吕公河,田继东,等.基于地球物理目标参数的三维观测系统优化设计[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):74-78.
[14]赵殿栋,郭健,王咸彬,等.基于模型面向目标的观测系统优化设计技术[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(2):119-122.
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