地震灾后农村居民相关卫生知识调查
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摘要
目的了解地震灾后,农村居民卫生知识水平,为科学救灾及灾后重建、疾病预防控制工作提供参考。方法分层次普查,对彭州市葛仙山镇随机抽取4个行政村的8 482例村民进行健康教育现况调查。结果经RC行列表χ2检验可知,不同年龄人群对健教信息知晓率不同,20~60岁年富力强人群,获取信息量多,人群知晓率>40%;经RC行列表χ2检验得知,随着文化程度的增高,健康信息的知晓率也提高;各条健康教育信息被村民掌握的程度有差别,喝开水、勤洗手知晓率60%以上受生活习惯影响;吃熟食、少吃凉拌菜仅有22.3%的知晓率;身心伤害在12岁~低年龄组多表现为紧张害怕,50岁~高年龄组人群50%以上都出现害怕、睡眠障碍、身体不适等伤害;村民获取救灾防病知识渠道主要来源于宣传手册(19.9%)、悬挂张贴的宣传画册(18.8%)、村广播(16.3%)、与周边人聊天(17.5%)等,这些方法传播效率高,是行之有效的健康教育干预。结论地震灾后应加大健康宣传教育力度,针对不同人群开展不同内容形式健康教育活动。短时间大面积覆盖健康教育,可以提高灾区群众的自我防病能力,帮助灾区群众走出心理困境,保障灾区群众的身心健康。
Objective To understand the health knowledge level of rural residents after the earthquake disaster,and to provide the reference for disaster relief,post-disaster reconstruction,disease prevention and control. Methods Delaminated census was carried out in Gexianshan Town of Pengzhou City,8,482 villagers from 4 administrative villages were randomly selected to conduct cross-sectional investigation and health education intervention. Results By the RC-line list of χ2 test we could see that different age groups had different awareness rates of health education information,villagers in the age group of 20～60 years acquired a large amount of information,with the awareness rate of >40%.The awareness rate of health education information increased with the increment of education level.There was a difference in the awareness rates of each piece of health information among the villagers,the awareness rates(both over 60%) of drinking boiled water and washing hands were attributed to living habits,and the awareness rate of eating more cooked food and less cold dish was only 22.3%.Physical and psychological injury in the age group of 12 years appeared as strain and scare.More than 50% of 50-year-old high-age group manifested as fear,sleep disorders,physical discomfort,etc.The ways of acquiring disease information included handbook(19.9%),picture poster(18.8%),broadcast(16.3%) and interpersonal communication(17.5%).These ways were the effective intervention means. Conclusions It is very important to aggrandize propaganda for health education after earthquake.Different people should take different education activities in large area as soon as possible,it could enhance their disease control capabilities,and help them get rid of psychological predicament and safeguard their health in disaster areas.
Objective To understand the health knowledge level of rural residents after the earthquake disaster,and to provide the reference for disaster relief,post-disaster reconstruction,disease prevention and control. Methods Delaminated census was carried out in Gexianshan Town of Pengzhou City,8,482 villagers from 4 administrative villages were randomly selected to conduct cross-sectional investigation and health education intervention. Results By the RC-line list of χ2 test we could see that different age groups had different awareness rates of health education information,villagers in the age group of 20～60 years acquired a large amount of information,with the awareness rate of >40%.The awareness rate of health education information increased with the increment of education level.There was a difference in the awareness rates of each piece of health information among the villagers,the awareness rates(both over 60%) of drinking boiled water and washing hands were attributed to living habits,and the awareness rate of eating more cooked food and less cold dish was only 22.3%.Physical and psychological injury in the age group of 12 years appeared as strain and scare.More than 50% of 50-year-old high-age group manifested as fear,sleep disorders,physical discomfort,etc.The ways of acquiring disease information included handbook(19.9%),picture poster(18.8%),broadcast(16.3%) and interpersonal communication(17.5%).These ways were the effective intervention means. Conclusions It is very important to aggrandize propaganda for health education after earthquake.Different people should take different education activities in large area as soon as possible,it could enhance their disease control capabilities,and help them get rid of psychological predicament and safeguard their health in disaster areas.
引文
[1]中国疾病预防控制中心.抗震救灾卫生防疫工作方案[Z].2008,5.
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[4]马骁.健康教育学[M].北京:人民出版社,2006.7:209.
[5]吴永宁,靳晓梅.地震灾害中的食品安全与营养保障[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(7):470.
[6]柯跃斌.地震灾害与饮水安全[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(7):479.
[7]王声涌.汶川地震对中国卫生防疫救援应急队伍的挑战[J].中华流行病学杂志,2008,29(7):629.
[8]孙承业.地震对灾区群众的健康影响及应对[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(7):476.
[9]龙泳.汶川地震救援工作中的思考与建议[J].中华流行病学杂志,2008,29(7):631.
[10]杨廷忠.地震灾难后的群体心理危机干预方法[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(7):473-476.
[2]卫生部疾病预防控制局.地震灾后防病手册[M].北京:人民出版社,2008.5.
[3]爱国卫生与健康教育[A].成都市地震灾后防病工作手册[M].成都:成都市疾病预防控制中心,2008.5.
[4]马骁.健康教育学[M].北京:人民出版社,2006.7:209.
[5]吴永宁,靳晓梅.地震灾害中的食品安全与营养保障[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(7):470.
[6]柯跃斌.地震灾害与饮水安全[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(7):479.
[7]王声涌.汶川地震对中国卫生防疫救援应急队伍的挑战[J].中华流行病学杂志,2008,29(7):629.
[8]孙承业.地震对灾区群众的健康影响及应对[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(7):476.
[9]龙泳.汶川地震救援工作中的思考与建议[J].中华流行病学杂志,2008,29(7):631.
[10]杨廷忠.地震灾难后的群体心理危机干预方法[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(7):473-476.
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