陕西省数字地震台下方壳幔速度结构研究
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摘要
利用广义反、透射系数的传递矩阵计算理论地震图,用快速模拟退火法搜索最佳模型,通过与地震台站实际记录的P波波形进行拟合对比,反演了陕西省13个数字地震台下方的P波速度结构。台站分布区域涉及到秦岭造山带、渭河盆地及鄂尔多斯地台三个构造区域。结果显示,3个构造区的地下速度结构差异明显,呈现了各自的构造特点,其中秦岭造山带上地壳乃至地表速度高,中下地壳出现多个低速层,可能与岩石脱水、构造滑脱带等有关;渭河盆地内上中地壳高低速度层交替出现,反映了断层活动在浅部的影响;鄂尔多斯地台有部分台站保持稳定的匀速构造,反映了古老地台地层稳定发展的特性,部分台站受到后期改造,低速层位增多。因为变化剧烈的台站分布在盆地的南部和西部,而且震源机制解显示该区主应力场方向为近东西向,可以说秦岭北缘的断裂作用以及后来来自青藏高原的挤压应力是导致渭河盆地形成和发展的主要因素。最后我们讨论了速度结构与强震、地震分布以及不同构造演化的关系。
The theoretical seismograms were calculated with transfer matrix of generalized reflection and transmission coefficients. Through comparing them with actual P waveforms, and using Fast-simulated-annealing-algorithm to search the best velocity model, we obtained the P wave velocity structures beneath 13 digital seismic stations in Shaanxi province. These stations distributed in three tectonic regions, which is Qinling orogenic belt, Weihe graben and Ordos block respectively. The results of inversion show that the velocity structure beneath each tectonic unit is different obviously from the others, showing its own tectonic characteristics respectively. In Qinling orogenic belt, there is a high velocity layer from upper crust to the surface, and there are several low velocity layers in mid and lower crust, which may be related to rock dehydration and tectonic slipping. In Weihe graben, high and low velocity layer occurs alternately in upper and mid crust, which reflects the effect of faulting in shallow crust. In Ordos block, part stations keep steadily uniform velocity structure, representing the steady development of ancient stratum, but affected by post reconstruction, low velocity layers increase under some stations. Since the stations with large velocity change between some layers are mainly distributed in the south and west of Weihe graben, and the main stress direction from focal mechanism is nearly in east-west direction, it is concluded that the faulting at the north boundary of Qinling and the compression later from Qinghai-Tibet plateau are the main factors in the formation and development of Weihe graben. Finally, the relationship between velocity structure and strong earthquakes, spatial distribution of earthquakes, and different tectonic evolution were discussed.
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