断层幕式活动期和间歇期流体运移与油气成藏特征
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摘要
断层的周期性幕式活动导致沿断层带流体运移具有周期性幕式运动的特点。断层的一次周期性幕式活动分为活动期和间歇期两个阶段。断层幕式活动期,深部流体在超压作用或地震泵作用下以在断层带内的垂向运移和进入储层后的侧向运移为主,流体运移的相态为油、气、水的混合相态。断层幕式活动间歇期,当断层带尚未完全封闭、输导系统内压力尚未平衡时,流体在断层带及其两侧储层之间流动,直至达到压力平衡。断层完全封闭后,流体运移则不再发生。断层幕式活动期对油气的输导能力强,而断层幕式活动间歇期对油气的输导能力相对较弱。断层幕式活动期导致断层带附近形成同层混源或异层同源的多层系(或多构造层)含油气复式油气聚集带;而断层幕式活动间歇期使已经形成的油气藏发生再分配,导致断层带垂向上形成欠饱和油藏—高饱和油气藏—油气藏及纯气藏的完整序列。
Periodical episodic activities of faults lead to the periodical episodic movement of fluid migration along fault zones. One episodic activity of a fault consists of two stages: the active stage and the intermittent stage. During the active stage, fluid in deep formation migrates vertically along fault zones and then flows laterally in reservoirs under the power of superpressure or seismic pump, and the fluid migrates in the mixed phase states of oil, gas and water. In the intermittent stage, when fault zones are still open and pressure in leading systems has not got to balance, fluid flows adjustively in fault zones and bilateral reservoirs until the pressure is balanced. When faults close completely, fluid flow ceases. So the transport ability of fault zones is strong in the active stage but weak in the intermittent stage. In the episodic active stage, complex hydrocarbon-accumulating zones with multiple oil-bearing measures, which contain the same formation with different oil sources or different formations with the same oil source, will form adjacent to fault zones. In the episodic intermittent stage, the redistributed oil and gas pools in leading systems lead to the intact vertical series of undersaturated oil pools, high-saturated oil pools, oil and gas pools and pure gas pools around fault zones.
Periodical episodic activities of faults lead to the periodical episodic movement of fluid migration along fault zones. One episodic activity of a fault consists of two stages: the active stage and the intermittent stage. During the active stage, fluid in deep formation migrates vertically along fault zones and then flows laterally in reservoirs under the power of superpressure or seismic pump, and the fluid migrates in the mixed phase states of oil, gas and water. In the intermittent stage, when fault zones are still open and pressure in leading systems has not got to balance, fluid flows adjustively in fault zones and bilateral reservoirs until the pressure is balanced. When faults close completely, fluid flow ceases. So the transport ability of fault zones is strong in the active stage but weak in the intermittent stage. In the episodic active stage, complex hydrocarbon-accumulating zones with multiple oil-bearing measures, which contain the same formation with different oil sources or different formations with the same oil source, will form adjacent to fault zones. In the episodic intermittent stage, the redistributed oil and gas pools in leading systems lead to the intact vertical series of undersaturated oil pools, high-saturated oil pools, oil and gas pools and pure gas pools around fault zones.
引文
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13 华保钦.构造应力场、地震泵和油气运移[J].沉积学报,1995,13(2)
14 HaoF,LiS,GongZ et al.Thermal regime, interreservoir com positional heterogeneities, and reservoir filling history of theDongfangGasField,YinggehaiBasin,SouthChinaSea: evidencefor episodic fluid injections in overpressured basins?[J].AAPGBulletin,2000,84(5):607~626
15 李大伟.试论天然地震与油气成藏和开发的关系[J].新疆石油地质,2002,24(1):19~23
16 阎福礼,贾 东.东营凹陷油气运移的地震泵作用[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(4):295~298
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18 费 琪.成油体系分析与模拟[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.309~312
19 GudmundssonA.Fluid overpressure and flow in fault zones:field measurements and models[J ].Tectonophysics,2001,336:183~197
20 曾溅辉,王洪玉.输导层和岩性圈闭系统中油气运移和聚集模拟实验研究[J].地球科学,1999,24(2)
21 曾溅辉,金之钧.油气二次运移和聚集物理模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.174~175
22 解习农,李思田.莺歌海盆地底辟带流体输导系统及其成因机制[J].中国科学(D),1999,29(3):247~256
23 张厚福.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.142~143
24 蒋有录,刘 振.断块油气田油气运移聚集的一种模式[J].断块油气田,1997,4(6):1~4
2 RamsayJ G.The crack seal mechanism of rock deformation[J].Nature,1980,284:135~139
3 SibsonR H.Fluid flow accompanying faulting: field evidence andmodels[A].In:SimpsonD W,RichardsP G, eds.EarthquakePrediction: anInternationalReview[C].AmericanGeophysicalUnion,MauriceEwingSeries,1981,4:593~603
4 SibsonR H.Crustal stress, faulting and fluid flow[A].In:Par nellJ, ed.Geofluids:Origin,Migration andEvolution ofFluidsinSedimentaryBasins[C].GeologicalSocietySpecialPublica tion,1994,78:69~84
5 HooperE C D.Fluid migration along growth faults in compactingsedimentary basins[J].JourPetrolGeol,1991,4(2):161~180
6 张启明,胡忠良.莺-琼盆地高温高压环境及油气运移机制,中国海上油气,1992,6(1):1~9
7 LoshS.Oil migration in a major growth fault: structural analy sis of the pathfinder core,SouthEngeneIslandBlock330,Off shoreLouisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82:1694~1710
8 LoshS,EglintonL,SchoellM,et al.Vertical and lateral fluid flow re lated to a large growth fault,SouthEugeneIslandBlock330Field,OffshoreLouisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83:244~276
9 解习农,李思田.断裂带流体作用及动力学模型[J],地学前缘,1996,3(3):145~151
10 解习农,刘晓峰,胡祥云等.超压盆地中泥岩的流体压裂与幕式排烃作用[J].地质科学情报,1998,7(4):59~63
11 张树林,叶加仁,杨青华等.裂陷盆地的断裂构造与成藏动力系统[M].北京:地震出版社,1997
12 张树林,田世澄,毕研鹏等.油气垂向运移与复式成藏的动力学研究[A].见:油气成藏研究系列编委会编.油气成藏机理及油气资源评价国际研讨会论文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.170~174
13 华保钦.构造应力场、地震泵和油气运移[J].沉积学报,1995,13(2)
14 HaoF,LiS,GongZ et al.Thermal regime, interreservoir com positional heterogeneities, and reservoir filling history of theDongfangGasField,YinggehaiBasin,SouthChinaSea: evidencefor episodic fluid injections in overpressured basins?[J].AAPGBulletin,2000,84(5):607~626
15 李大伟.试论天然地震与油气成藏和开发的关系[J].新疆石油地质,2002,24(1):19~23
16 阎福礼,贾 东.东营凹陷油气运移的地震泵作用[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(4):295~298
17 刘晓峰,解习农.超压释放剂其对油气运移和聚集的意义[J].地质科技情报,2001,20(4):51~5
18 费 琪.成油体系分析与模拟[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.309~312
19 GudmundssonA.Fluid overpressure and flow in fault zones:field measurements and models[J ].Tectonophysics,2001,336:183~197
20 曾溅辉,王洪玉.输导层和岩性圈闭系统中油气运移和聚集模拟实验研究[J].地球科学,1999,24(2)
21 曾溅辉,金之钧.油气二次运移和聚集物理模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.174~175
22 解习农,李思田.莺歌海盆地底辟带流体输导系统及其成因机制[J].中国科学(D),1999,29(3):247~256
23 张厚福.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.142~143
24 蒋有录,刘 振.断块油气田油气运移聚集的一种模式[J].断块油气田,1997,4(6):1~4
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