基于小波包技术的爆破地震波特征提取及预报
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摘要
在微风化花岗岩石场地进行了孔径为76mm、孔深为5m的单孔和单段多孔爆破实验研究,获得了该类场地爆破地震波加速度衰减规律,加速度衰减系数为k=3698,α=2.046,并研究了该场地基频特征。运用了小波包技术对爆破地震波测试信号特征量提取,分析了试验所测爆破地震波不同频带下小波包系数的衰减规律。在此基础上建立了基于不同频带小波包系数的爆破地震波预报模型,该模型在爆破地震波波形、峰值及频率预报方面均具有较高的准确度。
The blasting experiments have been carried out in the weakly rotten granite site and the acceleration attenuation of blasting seismic waves in the site were measured, in which the deep hole for blasting was of 76mm in diameter and 5m in depth. The attenuation parameters are k=3698 and α=2046, meanwhile the base frequency characteristics of the site is acquired. With the wavelet packet analysis the blasting seismic wave characteristics are extracted, and the relationship of attenuation of wavelet packets in different frequency bands vs the scaled distance is studied. Based on the wavelet packet attenuation a model to predict the blasting seismic wave characteristics has been proposed in this paper and is of a good accuracy in preticting waveform, amplitude and frequencies of blasting seismic waves.
The blasting experiments have been carried out in the weakly rotten granite site and the acceleration attenuation of blasting seismic waves in the site were measured, in which the deep hole for blasting was of 76mm in diameter and 5m in depth. The attenuation parameters are k=3698 and α=2046, meanwhile the base frequency characteristics of the site is acquired. With the wavelet packet analysis the blasting seismic wave characteristics are extracted, and the relationship of attenuation of wavelet packets in different frequency bands vs the scaled distance is studied. Based on the wavelet packet attenuation a model to predict the blasting seismic wave characteristics has been proposed in this paper and is of a good accuracy in preticting waveform, amplitude and frequencies of blasting seismic waves.
引文
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[9] 张继春.三峡工程基岩爆破振动特性的试验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2001,21(2):131-137.ZHANGJi chun.VibrationCharacteristicsofblastinginbedrockmassatSanxiaproject[J].ExplosionandShockWaves,2001,21(2):131-137.
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[11] 宋广明,曾新吾,陈寿如,等.爆破条件对爆破振动信号分析中小波包时频特征的影响[J].工程爆破,2002,8(3):5-12.SONGGuang ming,ZENGXin wu,CHENShou ru,etal.Influenceofblastingconditionontime frequencycharacteristicsofblastingvibrationsignalswithwaveletpacketsanalysis[J].EngineeringBlasting,2002,8(3):5-12.
[12] 林大超,施惠基,白春华,等.爆破振动时频分布的小波包分析[J].工程爆破,2002,8(2):1-5.LINDa chao,SHIHui ji,BAIChun hua,etal.Ontime frequencydistributionofblastingvibrationthroughwaveletpackettransform[J].EngineeringBlasting,2002,8(2):1-5.
[13] CoifmanRR.WickerhauserMV.Entropybasedalgorithmsforbestbasisselection[J].IEEETransactiononInformationTheory,1992,38(2):713-718.
[14] StepaneMallat.Awavelettourofsignalprocessing[M].杨力华,戴道清,黄文良,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2002:244-257.
[2] 娄建武,龙源,方向,等.基于反应谱值分析的爆破震动破坏评估研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2003,23(1):41-46.LOUJian wu,LONGYuan,FANGXiang,etal.Studyonblastingvibrationdamagebasedonresponsespectrum[J].ExplosionandShockWaves,2003,23(1):41-46.
[3] 娄建武,龙源,徐全军,等.工程爆破中的建筑物振动监测[J].解放军理工大学学报,2000,1(5):58-62.LOUJian wu,LONGYuan,XUQuan jun.Measuringandanalysisofstructure'sresponsevibrationinengineeringblasting[J].JournalofPLAUniversityofScienceandTechnology,2000,1(5):58-62.
[4] 卢文波.岩石爆破中应力波的传播及其效应研究[D].武汉:武汉水利电力大学,1994.
[5] 林大超,施惠基,白春华,等.爆炸地震效应的时频分析[M].爆炸与冲击,2003,23(1):31-36.LINDa chao,SHIHui ji,BAIChun hua,etal.Timefrequencyanalysisofexplosionseismiceffects[J].ExplosionandShockWaves,2003,23(1):31-36.
[6] 娄建武,龙源.普通民房在爆破地震波作用下的振动破坏分析[J].解放军理工大学学报,2001,2(2):21-25.LOUJian wu,LONGYuan.Studyonlow riseresidentialhouse'sdamagecausedbyblastingvibration[J].JournalofPLAUniversityofScienceandTechnology,2001,2(2):21-25.
[7] 娄建武,龙源,徐全军.人工模拟爆破震动信号及其频谱特性检验[J].工程爆破,2001,7(1):7-11.LOUJian wu,LONGYuan,XUQuan jun.Simulationofblastingvibrationsignalandverificationofitsrequencyspectrum[J].EngineeringBlasting,2001,7(1):7-11.
[8] SONGGuang min,CHENShou ru,WUCong shi.Waveletpacketsanalysismodelsforthepredictionofblastingvibrationwaveform[A].The7thinternationalsymposiumonrockfragmentationbyblasting[C].Beijing,China,2002:311-320.
[9] 张继春.三峡工程基岩爆破振动特性的试验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2001,21(2):131-137.ZHANGJi chun.VibrationCharacteristicsofblastinginbedrockmassatSanxiaproject[J].ExplosionandShockWaves,2001,21(2):131-137.
[10] 娄建武,龙源,徐全军.小波分析在结构物爆破振动响应能量分析法中的应用[J].世界地震工程,2001,17(1):64-68.LOUJian wu,LONGYuan,XuQuan jun.Applicationofwaveletanalysistotheenergymethodofthestructureresponsecausedbyexplosionvibration[J].WorldEarthquake,2001,17(1):64-68.
[11] 宋广明,曾新吾,陈寿如,等.爆破条件对爆破振动信号分析中小波包时频特征的影响[J].工程爆破,2002,8(3):5-12.SONGGuang ming,ZENGXin wu,CHENShou ru,etal.Influenceofblastingconditionontime frequencycharacteristicsofblastingvibrationsignalswithwaveletpacketsanalysis[J].EngineeringBlasting,2002,8(3):5-12.
[12] 林大超,施惠基,白春华,等.爆破振动时频分布的小波包分析[J].工程爆破,2002,8(2):1-5.LINDa chao,SHIHui ji,BAIChun hua,etal.Ontime frequencydistributionofblastingvibrationthroughwaveletpackettransform[J].EngineeringBlasting,2002,8(2):1-5.
[13] CoifmanRR.WickerhauserMV.Entropybasedalgorithmsforbestbasisselection[J].IEEETransactiononInformationTheory,1992,38(2):713-718.
[14] StepaneMallat.Awavelettourofsignalprocessing[M].杨力华,戴道清,黄文良,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2002:244-257.
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