卫星热红外遥感在火山活动性监测中的应用
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摘要
介绍了卫星热红外遥感在国内外火山监测研究中的应用现状,结合热红外遥感在地震中的应用成果,对利用卫星热红外遥感监测火山活动的可行性及方法进行了探讨,提出通过火山区热红外亮温旬变、月变和年变模型扣除地形地貌、岩性、植被等地表环境因素的影响,通过火山区和邻近参照区红外亮温差值运算扣除气象因素影响的火山活动性热红外异常提取方法。并以长白山火山为例,利用1999、2003和2004年的NOAA卫星影像资料,对长白山火山及周围地区的热红外影像特征进行了分析解译,对长白山火山区与外围参照区的红外亮温年变差异进行了统计分析。结果表明:1)长白山火山区的红外亮温分布特征在空间上主要受地形控制,总体表现为以天池为中心,向外围逐渐升高的漏斗状,天池则是低温背景上的明显高温标记。在时间上,长白山火山区红外亮温的演变过程主要受季节变化的影响,具有明显的夏高冬低年变特征。2)相对于1999年,2003和2004年长白山火山区均显示出明显的升温趋势,升温幅度可达2K左右。我们认为这可能是近年来天池火山活动性逐年增强的反映。这也意味着利用卫星热红外遥感监测火山活动性将是行之有效的新途径,也是值得深入研究的课题。
The paper first summarizes the advances in detection of volcano activity using satellite thermal infrared remote sensing and discusses the feasibility and means to monitor the thermal anomaly caused by volcano activities through satellite thermal infrared remote sensing technology. Then, some applied methods are put forward to remove the influences of geological environments and meteorological variation on earth surface thermal infrared radiation for extracting volcanic thermal anomaly. These methods include getting rid of the influences of ground environment factors, such as terrain, vegetation and rock types by establishing brightness temperature variation models of volcanic region and eliminating the influences of weather by difference calculation of brightness temperature between volcanic region and adjacent contrast region. Finally, the paper gives a study case of Changbai Mountains volcano. By using NOAA AVHRR data of the three years of 1999, 2003 and 2004, the authors analyzed and interpreted the thermal infrared brightness temperature images of Changbai mountain volcano region, and calculated the annual variations of brightness temperature of Changbai Mountains Tianchi Lake and adjacent contrast region. The result shows that the spatial distribution of brightness temperature in Changbai mountains volcano area is mainly controlled by hypsography and physiognomy, and presents a “tundish” shape. From Tianchi Lake to its peripheral places, the brightness temperature increases gradually, but the Tianchi Lake is a clear hot spot in cold background. The temporal variation of brightness temperature in this region is mainly influenced by seasons and presents seasonally changeable characteristics. The comparison analyses of annual variations of brightness temperature between Tianchi Lake and contrast region reveal that the brightness temperature of Tianchi Lake in 2003 and 2004 increased markedly with a magnitude about 2K compared with that in 1999. We suppose this elevated temperature is likely to be a reflection of increasing activity of Tianchi volcano in recent years. Furthermore, this result is consistent with that obtained by Changbai Mountains Tianchi Volcano Observatory in the past 4 years. These indicate that the satellite thermal infrared remote sensing is a feasible and effective measure for detecting volcano activity, and its application in detection of volcano activity deserves more detailed research.
The paper first summarizes the advances in detection of volcano activity using satellite thermal infrared remote sensing and discusses the feasibility and means to monitor the thermal anomaly caused by volcano activities through satellite thermal infrared remote sensing technology. Then, some applied methods are put forward to remove the influences of geological environments and meteorological variation on earth surface thermal infrared radiation for extracting volcanic thermal anomaly. These methods include getting rid of the influences of ground environment factors, such as terrain, vegetation and rock types by establishing brightness temperature variation models of volcanic region and eliminating the influences of weather by difference calculation of brightness temperature between volcanic region and adjacent contrast region. Finally, the paper gives a study case of Changbai Mountains volcano. By using NOAA AVHRR data of the three years of 1999, 2003 and 2004, the authors analyzed and interpreted the thermal infrared brightness temperature images of Changbai mountain volcano region, and calculated the annual variations of brightness temperature of Changbai Mountains Tianchi Lake and adjacent contrast region. The result shows that the spatial distribution of brightness temperature in Changbai mountains volcano area is mainly controlled by hypsography and physiognomy, and presents a “tundish” shape. From Tianchi Lake to its peripheral places, the brightness temperature increases gradually, but the Tianchi Lake is a clear hot spot in cold background. The temporal variation of brightness temperature in this region is mainly influenced by seasons and presents seasonally changeable characteristics. The comparison analyses of annual variations of brightness temperature between Tianchi Lake and contrast region reveal that the brightness temperature of Tianchi Lake in 2003 and 2004 increased markedly with a magnitude about 2K compared with that in 1999. We suppose this elevated temperature is likely to be a reflection of increasing activity of Tianchi volcano in recent years. Furthermore, this result is consistent with that obtained by Changbai Mountains Tianchi Volcano Observatory in the past 4 years. These indicate that the satellite thermal infrared remote sensing is a feasible and effective measure for detecting volcano activity, and its application in detection of volcano activity deserves more detailed research.
引文
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张恒荣,刘国民,武成智,等.2003.长白山天池火山监测与火山活动状态的初步分析[J].地震地质,25(增刊):109—120.ZHANGHengrong,LIUGuoming,WUChengzhi,etal.2003.PreliminarystudyontheactivestateofChangbaishanTianchivolcano[J].SeismologyandGeology,25(Suppl):109—120(inChinese).
AndrewAT,MasashiH,OlegAM.2002.ThermalIRsatellitedataapplicationforearthquakeresearchinJapanandChina[J].JournalofGeodynamics,33:519—534.
BonfiglioA,MacchiatoM,PergolaN,etal.2005.AVHRRautomateddetectionofvolcanicclouds[J].InternationalJournalofRemoteSensing,26(1):9—27.
DehnJ,DeanK,EngleK.2000.ThermalmonitoringofNorthPacificvolcanoesfromspace[J].Geology,28(8):755—758.
DeanKG,DehnJ,PappKR,etal.2004.Integratedsatelliteobservationsofthe2001eruptionofMt.Cleveland,Alaska[J].JournalofVolcanologyandGeothermalResearch,135(1—2):51—73.
DeanKG,DehnJ,KevinE,etal.2002.OperationalSatelliteMonitoringofVolcanoesattheAlaskaVolcanoObservatory[J].AdvancesinEnvironmentalMonitoringandModeling,1(1):70—97.
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KanekoT,YasudaA,IshimaruT,etal.2002.SatelliteHotSpotMonitoringofJapaneseVolcanoes:APrototypeAVHRRbasedSystem[J].AdvancesinEnvironmentalMonitoringandModeling,1(1):125—133.
PergolaN,TramutoliV,MarcheseF,etal.2004.Improvingvolcanicashclouddetectionbyarobustsatellitetechnique[J].RemoteSensingofEnvironment,90(1):1—22.
PergolaN,MarcheseF,TramutoliV.2004.AutomateddetectionofthermalfeaturesofactivevolcanoesbymeansofinfraredAVHRRrecords[J].RemoteSensingofEnvironment,93(3):311—327.
RamseyM,DehnJ.2004.Spaceborneobservationsofthe2000Bezymianny,Kamchatkaeruption:TheintegrationofhighresolutionASTERdataintonearrealtimemonitoringusingAVHRR[J].JournalofVolcanologyandGeothermalResearch,135(1—2):127—146.
WrightR,FlynnL,GarbeilH,etal.2002.AutomatedvolcaniceruptiondetectionusingMODIS[J].RemoteSensingofEnvironment,82(1):135—155.
WrightR,FlynnL,GarbeilH,etal.2004.Nearrealtimethermalmonitoringofglobalvolcanism[J].JournalofVolcanologyandGeothermalResearch,135(1—2):29—49.
高清武.2004.长白山天池火山水热活动及气体释放特征[J].地球学报,25(3):345—350.GAOQingwu.2004.VolcanicHydrothermalActivitiesandGasreleasingCharacteristicsoftheTianchiLakeRegion,ChangbaiMountains[J].ActaGeoscienticaSinica,25(3):345—350(inChinese).
胡亚轩,王庆良,崔笃信,等.2004.长白山火山区几何形变的联合反演[J].大地测量与地球动力学,24(4):90—94.HUYaxuan,WANGQingliang,CUIDuxinetal.2004.JointinversionofgeometricdeformationinChangbaishanvolcanicarea[J].JournalofGeodesyandGeodynamics,24(4):90—94(inChinese).
金东淳,崔天日,金美兰.2003.长白山天池火山热(温)泉观测研究[J].地震地质,25(增刊):121—127.JINDongchun,CUITianri,JINMeilan.2003.ObservationandresearchonhotandwarmspringsinChangbaishanTianchivolcano[J].SeismologyandGeology,25(Suppl):121—127(inChinese).
刘嘉麒,郭正俯,刘强.1999.火山灾害与监测[J].第四纪研究,20(5):414—421.LIUJiaqi,GUOZhengfu,LIUQiang.1999.Volcanichazardsandmonitoring[J].QuaternarySciences,20(5):414—421(inChinese).
李继泰,孙国军.1996.长白山近代火山活动与地震[J].地震地磁观测与研究,17(6):31—38.LIJitai,SUNGuojun.1996.RecentvolcanicactivityinChangbaishanandregionalearthquakes[J].SeismologicalandGeomagneticObservationandResearch,17(6):31—38(inChinese).
马瑾,单新建.2000.利用遥感技术研究现今断层活动的探索:以玛尼地震前后断层相互作用为例[J].地震地质,22(3):210—214.MAJin,SHANXinjian.2000.Anattempttostudyfaultactivitiesusingremotesensingtechnology:acaseoftheManiearthquake[J].SeismologyandGeology,22(3):210—214(inChinese).
强祖基,赁常恭,李玲芝,等.1998.卫星热红外图象亮温异常:短临震兆[J].中国科学(D辑),28(6):564—573.QIANGZuji,DIANChanggong,LILingzhi,etal.1998.Satelliteinfraredbrightnesstemperatureanomalyearthquakeimminentprecursor[J].ScienceinChina(SerD),28(6):564—573(inChinese).
魏海泉,刘若新,樊祺诚,等.1998.中国的活火山及有关灾害[J].自然杂志,20(4):196—200.WEIHaiquan,LIURuoxin,FANQicheng,etal.1998.ActivevolcanoesinChinaandtheirrelevanthazards[J].NatureMagazine,20(4):196—200(inChinese).
吴建平,明跃红,刘一鸣,等.2003.2002年8月20日长白山天池火山小震震群研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,24(4):1—8(inChinese).WUJianping,MINGYuehong,LIUYiming,etal.2003.AstudyonthemicroearthquakeswarmoccurringonAug.20,2002inChangbaishanTianchivolcano[J].SeismologicalandGeomagneticObservationandResearch,24(4):1—8(inChinese).
徐光宇,皇甫岗.1998.国外火山减灾研究进展[J].地震研究,21(4):397—405.XUGuangyu,HUANGFUGang.1998.Recentdevelopmentinvolcanichazardsmitigation[J].JournalofSeismologicalResearch,21(4):397—405(inChinese).
于泳,洪汉净,刘培洵,等.2003.卫星遥感技术在火山监测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,18(1):79—84.YUYong,HONGHanjing,LIUPeixun,etal.2003.Theapplicationofsatelliteremotesensinginvolcanomonitoring[J].ProgressinGeophysics,18(1):79—84(inChinese).
张恒荣,刘国民,武成智,等.2003.长白山天池火山监测与火山活动状态的初步分析[J].地震地质,25(增刊):109—120.ZHANGHengrong,LIUGuoming,WUChengzhi,etal.2003.PreliminarystudyontheactivestateofChangbaishanTianchivolcano[J].SeismologyandGeology,25(Suppl):109—120(inChinese).
AndrewAT,MasashiH,OlegAM.2002.ThermalIRsatellitedataapplicationforearthquakeresearchinJapanandChina[J].JournalofGeodynamics,33:519—534.
BonfiglioA,MacchiatoM,PergolaN,etal.2005.AVHRRautomateddetectionofvolcanicclouds[J].InternationalJournalofRemoteSensing,26(1):9—27.
DehnJ,DeanK,EngleK.2000.ThermalmonitoringofNorthPacificvolcanoesfromspace[J].Geology,28(8):755—758.
DeanKG,DehnJ,PappKR,etal.2004.Integratedsatelliteobservationsofthe2001eruptionofMt.Cleveland,Alaska[J].JournalofVolcanologyandGeothermalResearch,135(1—2):51—73.
DeanKG,DehnJ,KevinE,etal.2002.OperationalSatelliteMonitoringofVolcanoesattheAlaskaVolcanoObservatory[J].AdvancesinEnvironmentalMonitoringandModeling,1(1):70—97.
FrancisP,RotheryD.2000.Remotesensingofactivevolcanoes[J].AnnualReviewofEarthandPlanetarySciences,28:81—106.
KanekoT,YasudaA,IshimaruT,etal.2002.SatelliteHotSpotMonitoringofJapaneseVolcanoes:APrototypeAVHRRbasedSystem[J].AdvancesinEnvironmentalMonitoringandModeling,1(1):125—133.
PergolaN,TramutoliV,MarcheseF,etal.2004.Improvingvolcanicashclouddetectionbyarobustsatellitetechnique[J].RemoteSensingofEnvironment,90(1):1—22.
PergolaN,MarcheseF,TramutoliV.2004.AutomateddetectionofthermalfeaturesofactivevolcanoesbymeansofinfraredAVHRRrecords[J].RemoteSensingofEnvironment,93(3):311—327.
RamseyM,DehnJ.2004.Spaceborneobservationsofthe2000Bezymianny,Kamchatkaeruption:TheintegrationofhighresolutionASTERdataintonearrealtimemonitoringusingAVHRR[J].JournalofVolcanologyandGeothermalResearch,135(1—2):127—146.
WrightR,FlynnL,GarbeilH,etal.2002.AutomatedvolcaniceruptiondetectionusingMODIS[J].RemoteSensingofEnvironment,82(1):135—155.
WrightR,FlynnL,GarbeilH,etal.2004.Nearrealtimethermalmonitoringofglobalvolcanism[J].JournalofVolcanologyandGeothermalResearch,135(1—2):29—49.
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