汶川地震遗迹旅游资源分类及特色评价
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摘要
汶川地震造就了大量地震遗迹景观,成为了地震科学研究及旅游开发活动的重要资源基础。对地震遗迹景观分类没有形成统一的认识,广义与狭义视角并存,两分法与一分法并现。充分考虑地震遗迹旅游资源成因及景观特征,强调地震活动对地震遗迹旅游资源成景过程的影响及响应,将其分为2个景观型,4个景观域、6个景观段、13个景观元及若干典型地震遗迹景观;重点介绍了北川县城地震遗址、都汶公路百花大桥、都江堰虹口深溪沟地表破裂、北川县唐家山堰塞湖、北川县城城西滑坡遗迹等典型地震遗迹旅游资源;提炼出"国际意义的地质科学研究对象、全球吸引力的典型地震遗迹、国际品质的地震遗迹旅游资源开发条件、世界级震撼力的地震灾难性事件"四大特色。研究结论有利于地震遗迹旅游资源的保护及震区旅游恢复重建,为高烈度山区地震专项旅游产品开发提供科学依据。
NumerousEarthquake Vestige Landscape for Tourism had emerged after the May 12th,2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake which happened along the Longmen Shan fault zone on the eastern margin of Tibet and near the Sichuan foreland basin.The Earthquake Vestige Landscape for Tourism has become not only the key objects for scientific research but also the potential attractions for tourism development in the quake-stricken area.Previous studies of the classification of Earthquake Vestige Landscape failed to reach an agreement and hence there existed different perspectives and methodologies.Based on literature review and considering the formation and landscape types,the authors classified the Earthquake Vestige Landscape for Tourism into 2 groups and then subdivided them into 4 categories,6 units and 13 basic elements.Quake sites such as Beichuan County,Baihua Bridge of Du-Wen Highway,and Ruptures of Shenxigou Valley in Dujiangyan City,Tangjiashan Earthquake Barrier Lake and Chengxi Landslides have been briefly described.Different Earthquake Vestige Landscape for Tourismhave different outstanding features,which are grouped into four types,namelygeoscience research objects with international significance,typical earthquake traces with global attractiveness,world-famous attractions with great potentials for exploitation,and world-shaking natural disaster spots with strong memorial sense.The findings are likely to provide some valuable scientific references for the development of disaster tourism and the revitalization of tourism industry in the quake-hit mountainous regions of west Sichuan.
NumerousEarthquake Vestige Landscape for Tourism had emerged after the May 12th,2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake which happened along the Longmen Shan fault zone on the eastern margin of Tibet and near the Sichuan foreland basin.The Earthquake Vestige Landscape for Tourism has become not only the key objects for scientific research but also the potential attractions for tourism development in the quake-stricken area.Previous studies of the classification of Earthquake Vestige Landscape failed to reach an agreement and hence there existed different perspectives and methodologies.Based on literature review and considering the formation and landscape types,the authors classified the Earthquake Vestige Landscape for Tourism into 2 groups and then subdivided them into 4 categories,6 units and 13 basic elements.Quake sites such as Beichuan County,Baihua Bridge of Du-Wen Highway,and Ruptures of Shenxigou Valley in Dujiangyan City,Tangjiashan Earthquake Barrier Lake and Chengxi Landslides have been briefly described.Different Earthquake Vestige Landscape for Tourismhave different outstanding features,which are grouped into four types,namelygeoscience research objects with international significance,typical earthquake traces with global attractiveness,world-famous attractions with great potentials for exploitation,and world-shaking natural disaster spots with strong memorial sense.The findings are likely to provide some valuable scientific references for the development of disaster tourism and the revitalization of tourism industry in the quake-hit mountainous regions of west Sichuan.
引文
董树文,施炜,石菊松,张岳桥,龙长兴,吴珍汉,安美建,张永双,杨农,陈正乐,雷伟志.2008.四川汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂构造初步调查与发震背景分析[J].地球学报,29(3):392-396.
付碧宏,王萍,孔屏,郑国东,王刚,时玉龙.2008.四川汶川5.12大地震同震滑动断层泥的发现及构造意义[J].岩石学报,24(10):2237-2243.
姜建军.2006.中国国家地质公园建设工作指南[M].北京:中国大地出版社.
阚兴龙,李辉,周永章.2008.汶川地震旅游资源开发研究[J].热带地理,28(5):478-482.
李海兵,付小方,Jér Me VAN DER WOERD,司家亮,王宗秀,邱祝礼,李宁,吴富峣,许志琴,Paul TAPPONNIER.2008.汶川地震(MS8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,82(12):1623-1643.
李勇,黄润秋,DENSMORE A L,周荣军,曹叔尤.2009.汶川8.0级地震的基本特征及其研究进展[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),41(3):7-25.
卢云亭,侯爱兰.1989.震迹、震记游旅资源的研究[J].资源开发与保护,5(3):51-53.
彭晋川,陈维锋.2008.四川汶川8.0级地震典型遗址遗迹综合评估[J].灾害学,23(4):82-85.
覃建雄,李晓琴.2006.地质公园与可持续发展[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.
滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,闫雅芬,张洪双,张永谦,阮小敏.2008.2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,51(5):1385-1402.
王根龙,张军慧,刘红帅.2009.汶川地震北川县城地质灾害调查与初步分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,20(3):47-51.
王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,姚振兴.2008.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程[J].地球物理学报,51(5):1403-1410.
魏乐军,郭坚峰,蔡慧,李海兵,强祖基.2008.卫星热红外异常——四川汶川Ms8.0级大地震的短临震兆[J].地球学报,29(5):583-591.
魏占玉,何宏林,董绍鹏,陈杰,高翔,孙海清,嘉世旭,王世元.2008.从两个地表破裂点的几何学与运动学特征分析汶川地震的破裂方式[J].地震地质,30(4):1023-1032.
杨世瑜,吴志亮.2006.旅游地质学[M].天津:南开大学出版社.
殷跃平.2008.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,16(4):433-444.
张建强,范建容,严冬,郭芬芬,苏凤环.2009.地震诱发崩塌滑坡敏感性评价—以北川县为例[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),41(3):140-145.
张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,冉永康.2008.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,51(4):1066-1073.
赵汀,赵逊.2009.地质遗迹分类学及其应用[J].地球学报,30(3):309-324.
赵逊,赵汀.2009.地质公园发展与管理[J].地球学报,30(3):301-308.
朱介寿.2008.汶川地震的岩石圈深部结构与动力学背景[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),35(4):348-356.
邹和平,刘玉亮,郑卓,李出安,刘伟东.2009.5·12汶川大地震极震区灾害致因初析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),48(2):131-135.
BURCHIEL B C,ROYDEN L H,VANDER H R,Hager B H.2008.A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earth-quake of12May2008,Sichuan,People′s Republic of China[J].GAS today,18(7):4-11.
DONG Shu-wen,SHI Wei,SHI Ju-song,ZHANG Yue-qiao,LONG Chang-xing,WU Zhen-han,AN Mei-jian,ZHANG Yong-shuang,YANG Nong,CHEN Zheng-le,LEI Wei-jie.2008.Surface Rupture Investigation of the Wenchuan Ms8.0Earthquake of May12th,2008,West Sichuan,and Analysis of Its Occurrence Setting[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,29(3):392-396(in Chinese with English abstract).
FU Bi-hong,WANG Ping,KONG Ping,ZHEN Guo-dong,WANG Gang,SHI Yu-long.2008.Preliminary study of coseismic fault occurred in the slip zone of the Wenehuan Ms8.0earth-quake and its tectonic implications[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(10):2237-2243(in Chinese with English abstract).
JIANG Jian-jun.2006.Natioonal geopark construction guide of China[M].Beijing:China Earth Press(in Chinese with English abstract).
KAN Xing-long,LI Hui,ZHOU Yong-zhang.2008.The Develop-ment of Wenchuan Earthquake Tourism Resources[J].Tropical Geography,28(5):478-482(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Hai-bing,FU Xiao-fang,JéR ME VAN DER WOERD,SI Jia-liang,WANG Zong-xiu,HOU Li-we,QIU Zhu-li,LI Ning,WU Fu-yao,XU Zhi-qin,PAUL TAPPONNIER.2008.Co-seisimic Surface Rupture and Dextral-slip Oblique Thrusting of theMS8.0Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Acta Geo-logical Sinica,82(12):1623-1643(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
LI Yong,HUANG Run-qiu,DENSMORE A L,ZHOU Rong-jun,CAO Shu-you.2009.Development and Management of Geopark[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Sci-ence Edition),41(3):7-25(in Chinese with English abstract).
LU Yun-ting,HOU Ai-lan.1989.A Study of quake traces and memorials[J].Journal of Resources Development and Protec-tion,5(3):51-53(in Chinese with English abstract).
PENG Jin-chuan,CHEN Wei-feng.2008.Comprehensive Evalua-tion of Typical Sites and Relics of the Wenchuan Earth-quake[J].Journal of Catastrophology,23(4):82-85(in Chinese with English abstract).
QIN JIAN-xiong,LI Xiao-qin.2006.Geoparks and sustainable development[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press(in Chinese with English abstract).
TENG Ji-wen,BAI Deng-hai,YANG Hui,YAN Ya-Feng,ZHANG Hong-shuang,ZHANG Yong-qian,RUAN Xiao-min.2008.Deep processes and dynamic responses associated with the Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake of2008[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(5):1385-1402(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
WANG Gen-long,ZHANG Jun-hui,LIU Hong-shuai.2009.Rup-ture process of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,20(3):47-51(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Wei-min,ZHAO Lian-feng,LI Juan,YAO Zhen-xing.2008.Rupture process of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake of Si-chuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(5):1403-1410(in Chinese with English abstract).
WEI Le-jun,GUO Jian-feng,CAI Hui,LI Hai-bing,QIANG Zu-ji.2008.Satellite Thermal Infrared Anomaly:a Short-term and Impending Earthquake Precursor before the Wenchuan Ms8.0Earthquake in Sichuan,China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,29(5):583-591(in Chinese with English abstract).
WEI Zhan-yu,HE Hong-ling,DONG Shao-peng,CHEN Jie,GAO Xiang,SUN Hai-qing,JIA Shi-yuan.2008.Rupture analysis of the Wenchuan earthquake at two observation stations by ge-ometry and kinematics[J].Seismology and Geology,30(4):1023-1032(in Chinese with English abstract).
YAN Shi-yu,WU Zhi-liang.2006.An Introduction to geological tourism[M].Tianjin:Nankai University Press(in Chinese with English abstract).
YIN Yue-Ping.2008.Researches on the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal of Engineering Ge-ology,16(4):433-444(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Jian-qiang,FAN Jian-rong,YAN Dong,GUO Fen-fen,SU Feng-huan.2008.Sensitivity Evaluation to the Earth-quake-induced Landslide and Collapse:A Case Study of Beichuan County,Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),41(3):140-145(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Pei-zhen,XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,RAN Yong-kang.2008.Slip rates an recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May12Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(4):1066-1073(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHAO Xun,ZHAO Ting.2009.Development and Management of Geopark[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,30(3):301-308(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHAO Ting,ZHAO Xun.2009.Geoheritage Taxonomy and Its Application[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,30(3):309-324(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHU Jie-shou.2008.The Wenchuan earthquake occurrence back-ground in deep structure and dynamics of lithosphere[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),35(4):348-356(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZOU He-ping,LIU Yu-liang,ZHENG Zhuo,LI Chu-an,LIU Wei-dong.2009.Preliminary Studies on Causation of Catastro-phes in Meizoseismal Areas of the5·12Wenchuan Huge Earth-quake[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edi-tion),48(2):131-135.(in Chinese with English abstract).
付碧宏,王萍,孔屏,郑国东,王刚,时玉龙.2008.四川汶川5.12大地震同震滑动断层泥的发现及构造意义[J].岩石学报,24(10):2237-2243.
姜建军.2006.中国国家地质公园建设工作指南[M].北京:中国大地出版社.
阚兴龙,李辉,周永章.2008.汶川地震旅游资源开发研究[J].热带地理,28(5):478-482.
李海兵,付小方,Jér Me VAN DER WOERD,司家亮,王宗秀,邱祝礼,李宁,吴富峣,许志琴,Paul TAPPONNIER.2008.汶川地震(MS8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,82(12):1623-1643.
李勇,黄润秋,DENSMORE A L,周荣军,曹叔尤.2009.汶川8.0级地震的基本特征及其研究进展[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),41(3):7-25.
卢云亭,侯爱兰.1989.震迹、震记游旅资源的研究[J].资源开发与保护,5(3):51-53.
彭晋川,陈维锋.2008.四川汶川8.0级地震典型遗址遗迹综合评估[J].灾害学,23(4):82-85.
覃建雄,李晓琴.2006.地质公园与可持续发展[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.
滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,闫雅芬,张洪双,张永谦,阮小敏.2008.2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,51(5):1385-1402.
王根龙,张军慧,刘红帅.2009.汶川地震北川县城地质灾害调查与初步分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,20(3):47-51.
王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,姚振兴.2008.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程[J].地球物理学报,51(5):1403-1410.
魏乐军,郭坚峰,蔡慧,李海兵,强祖基.2008.卫星热红外异常——四川汶川Ms8.0级大地震的短临震兆[J].地球学报,29(5):583-591.
魏占玉,何宏林,董绍鹏,陈杰,高翔,孙海清,嘉世旭,王世元.2008.从两个地表破裂点的几何学与运动学特征分析汶川地震的破裂方式[J].地震地质,30(4):1023-1032.
杨世瑜,吴志亮.2006.旅游地质学[M].天津:南开大学出版社.
殷跃平.2008.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,16(4):433-444.
张建强,范建容,严冬,郭芬芬,苏凤环.2009.地震诱发崩塌滑坡敏感性评价—以北川县为例[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),41(3):140-145.
张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,冉永康.2008.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,51(4):1066-1073.
赵汀,赵逊.2009.地质遗迹分类学及其应用[J].地球学报,30(3):309-324.
赵逊,赵汀.2009.地质公园发展与管理[J].地球学报,30(3):301-308.
朱介寿.2008.汶川地震的岩石圈深部结构与动力学背景[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),35(4):348-356.
邹和平,刘玉亮,郑卓,李出安,刘伟东.2009.5·12汶川大地震极震区灾害致因初析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),48(2):131-135.
BURCHIEL B C,ROYDEN L H,VANDER H R,Hager B H.2008.A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earth-quake of12May2008,Sichuan,People′s Republic of China[J].GAS today,18(7):4-11.
DONG Shu-wen,SHI Wei,SHI Ju-song,ZHANG Yue-qiao,LONG Chang-xing,WU Zhen-han,AN Mei-jian,ZHANG Yong-shuang,YANG Nong,CHEN Zheng-le,LEI Wei-jie.2008.Surface Rupture Investigation of the Wenchuan Ms8.0Earthquake of May12th,2008,West Sichuan,and Analysis of Its Occurrence Setting[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,29(3):392-396(in Chinese with English abstract).
FU Bi-hong,WANG Ping,KONG Ping,ZHEN Guo-dong,WANG Gang,SHI Yu-long.2008.Preliminary study of coseismic fault occurred in the slip zone of the Wenehuan Ms8.0earth-quake and its tectonic implications[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(10):2237-2243(in Chinese with English abstract).
JIANG Jian-jun.2006.Natioonal geopark construction guide of China[M].Beijing:China Earth Press(in Chinese with English abstract).
KAN Xing-long,LI Hui,ZHOU Yong-zhang.2008.The Develop-ment of Wenchuan Earthquake Tourism Resources[J].Tropical Geography,28(5):478-482(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Hai-bing,FU Xiao-fang,JéR ME VAN DER WOERD,SI Jia-liang,WANG Zong-xiu,HOU Li-we,QIU Zhu-li,LI Ning,WU Fu-yao,XU Zhi-qin,PAUL TAPPONNIER.2008.Co-seisimic Surface Rupture and Dextral-slip Oblique Thrusting of theMS8.0Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Acta Geo-logical Sinica,82(12):1623-1643(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
LI Yong,HUANG Run-qiu,DENSMORE A L,ZHOU Rong-jun,CAO Shu-you.2009.Development and Management of Geopark[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Sci-ence Edition),41(3):7-25(in Chinese with English abstract).
LU Yun-ting,HOU Ai-lan.1989.A Study of quake traces and memorials[J].Journal of Resources Development and Protec-tion,5(3):51-53(in Chinese with English abstract).
PENG Jin-chuan,CHEN Wei-feng.2008.Comprehensive Evalua-tion of Typical Sites and Relics of the Wenchuan Earth-quake[J].Journal of Catastrophology,23(4):82-85(in Chinese with English abstract).
QIN JIAN-xiong,LI Xiao-qin.2006.Geoparks and sustainable development[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press(in Chinese with English abstract).
TENG Ji-wen,BAI Deng-hai,YANG Hui,YAN Ya-Feng,ZHANG Hong-shuang,ZHANG Yong-qian,RUAN Xiao-min.2008.Deep processes and dynamic responses associated with the Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake of2008[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(5):1385-1402(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
WANG Gen-long,ZHANG Jun-hui,LIU Hong-shuai.2009.Rup-ture process of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,20(3):47-51(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Wei-min,ZHAO Lian-feng,LI Juan,YAO Zhen-xing.2008.Rupture process of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake of Si-chuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(5):1403-1410(in Chinese with English abstract).
WEI Le-jun,GUO Jian-feng,CAI Hui,LI Hai-bing,QIANG Zu-ji.2008.Satellite Thermal Infrared Anomaly:a Short-term and Impending Earthquake Precursor before the Wenchuan Ms8.0Earthquake in Sichuan,China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,29(5):583-591(in Chinese with English abstract).
WEI Zhan-yu,HE Hong-ling,DONG Shao-peng,CHEN Jie,GAO Xiang,SUN Hai-qing,JIA Shi-yuan.2008.Rupture analysis of the Wenchuan earthquake at two observation stations by ge-ometry and kinematics[J].Seismology and Geology,30(4):1023-1032(in Chinese with English abstract).
YAN Shi-yu,WU Zhi-liang.2006.An Introduction to geological tourism[M].Tianjin:Nankai University Press(in Chinese with English abstract).
YIN Yue-Ping.2008.Researches on the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal of Engineering Ge-ology,16(4):433-444(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Jian-qiang,FAN Jian-rong,YAN Dong,GUO Fen-fen,SU Feng-huan.2008.Sensitivity Evaluation to the Earth-quake-induced Landslide and Collapse:A Case Study of Beichuan County,Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),41(3):140-145(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Pei-zhen,XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,RAN Yong-kang.2008.Slip rates an recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May12Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(4):1066-1073(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHAO Xun,ZHAO Ting.2009.Development and Management of Geopark[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,30(3):301-308(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHAO Ting,ZHAO Xun.2009.Geoheritage Taxonomy and Its Application[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,30(3):309-324(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHU Jie-shou.2008.The Wenchuan earthquake occurrence back-ground in deep structure and dynamics of lithosphere[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),35(4):348-356(in Chinese with English abstract).
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