合成地震记录层位标定若干问题的探讨
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摘要
合成地震记录层位标定是连接地震、地质、测井工作的桥梁,是利用地震资料进行构造解释、储层分析和油藏描述的基础工作。对合成地震记录层位标定的若干问题进行了分析和讨论:经时间偏移的地震道信号来自于地层在成像射线轨迹上的反射,而不是来自地震道正下方地层的反射,合成地震记录上的反射与井旁地震道的反射在横向上存在偏离;基于一维褶积模型的合成地震记录没有考虑多次波和转换纵波的影响,与井旁地震道在地震波场上存在差异;井旁地震道经历了动校正、叠加等由叠前到叠后的处理过程,而合成地震记录由简单的一维褶积模型产生,两者的形成过程存在很大差异。因此,地震资料解释人员在积极探索和研究新的合成地震记录制作方法的同时,应该承认并正视两者的差异,并综合利用其它地质信息对地震反射层位进行标定。
Horizon calibration based on well-log synthetic seismogram is the bridge connecting geophysics,geology,and logging.It uses seismic data to do the basic work for structure interpretation,res- ervoir analysis and description.Signals on time migration seismic traces are from the reflection of layers on imaging ray traces,not from the reflection of the layers below.The reflection on synthetic seismogram and well-side seismic traces deviates horizontally.The synthetic seismogram based on 1-D convolution model does not con- sider the effect of multiples and converted wave,which is different from the well-side seismic traces on wave field.Well-side seismic traces and synthetic seismogram are generated in different ways, with the former one being generated from seismic data processing including NMO,pre-stack and post-stack imaging,and the latter one being generated from 1-D convolution.Therefore,seismic in- terpreters should recognize and face up to the difference between the two ones while new methods for synthetic seismogram are re- searched and developed and make use of geologic information for in- tegrated horizon calibration.
Horizon calibration based on well-log synthetic seismogram is the bridge connecting geophysics,geology,and logging.It uses seismic data to do the basic work for structure interpretation,res- ervoir analysis and description.Signals on time migration seismic traces are from the reflection of layers on imaging ray traces,not from the reflection of the layers below.The reflection on synthetic seismogram and well-side seismic traces deviates horizontally.The synthetic seismogram based on 1-D convolution model does not con- sider the effect of multiples and converted wave,which is different from the well-side seismic traces on wave field.Well-side seismic traces and synthetic seismogram are generated in different ways, with the former one being generated from seismic data processing including NMO,pre-stack and post-stack imaging,and the latter one being generated from 1-D convolution.Therefore,seismic in- terpreters should recognize and face up to the difference between the two ones while new methods for synthetic seismogram are re- searched and developed and make use of geologic information for in- tegrated horizon calibration.
引文
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3石玉．塔河油田合成地震记录的制作和应用[J]．石油物探，2004，43(4)：400～403
4杨占龙，沙雪梅．储层预测中层位-储层的精细标定方法[J]．石油物探，2005，44(6)：627～630
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6曾正明．合成地震记录层位标定方法改进[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2005，40(5)：576～578
7陈裕明，李晶，周亚同．合成地震记录的改进方法讨论[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2001，36(4)：496～498
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11贺振华．反射地震资料偏移处理与反演方法[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1989．99～101
12 Yilmaz O著．地震资料分析[M]．刘怀山，曹孟起，张进，等译．北京：石油工业出版社，2006．914～918
13 White R E.How accurate an a well tie be?[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(8):1065～1071
14张永华，陈萍，赵雨晴．基于合成记录的综合层位标定技术[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2004，38(1)：92～96
2陈广军．合成地震记录制作与标定中的争论及注意的问题[J]．西安石油学院学报，2002，17(4)：19～23
3石玉．塔河油田合成地震记录的制作和应用[J]．石油物探，2004，43(4)：400～403
4杨占龙，沙雪梅．储层预测中层位-储层的精细标定方法[J]．石油物探，2005，44(6)：627～630
5陈发亮，韩福民，刘忠亮，等．东濮凹陷含盐地层合成地震记录制作方法研究[J]．勘探地球物理进展，2006，29 (5)：357～360
6曾正明．合成地震记录层位标定方法改进[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2005，40(5)：576～578
7陈裕明，李晶，周亚同．合成地震记录的改进方法讨论[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2001，36(4)：496～498
8 Ganley D C.A method for calculating synthetic seis- mograms which include the effects of absorption and dispersion[J].Geophysics,1981,46(8):1100～1107
9 Henry S.Pitfalls in synthetics[J].The Leading Edge,2000,19(6):604～606
10马在田．地震成像技术——有限差分偏移[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1989．144
11贺振华．反射地震资料偏移处理与反演方法[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1989．99～101
12 Yilmaz O著．地震资料分析[M]．刘怀山，曹孟起，张进，等译．北京：石油工业出版社，2006．914～918
13 White R E.How accurate an a well tie be?[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(8):1065～1071
14张永华，陈萍，赵雨晴．基于合成记录的综合层位标定技术[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2004，38(1)：92～96
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