高精度三维地震资料采集技术——以官渡地区山地地震勘探为例
|
摘要
川东南官渡地区地表地质条件复杂,悬崖峭壁林立,沟壑纵横,为典型的山地地形。野外地震资料采集难,如激发接收条件横向变化大,静校正问题突出,干扰严重等。为此,开展了高精度三维地震资料采集技术研究。首先进行了面向地质目标的精细设计,包括对采集参数的综合分析和论证、观测系统设计等,确定了适合该区高精度勘探的采集参数,所采用的宽方位斜交观测系统使反射面元和方位角分布更加均匀,因此可以消除由地面障碍物和地下阴影造成的影响,以及获取地下裂缝信息；通过高密度表层结构调查,以及对多种信息的综合分析,建立了合理的表层结构模型,提供了精确的静校正数据；对于接收点和激发点的布设,采用了大比例尺地形图和高精度卫星图片结合的方法,对于不能布设炮点的地区则采用变观的方法解决丢炮问题。在官渡地区,应用高精度三维地震资料采集技术获得了信噪比高、高频成分和层间信息丰富、构造形态清晰的高精度三维地震剖面。
Guandu region in southeastern Sichuan is the typical moun- tainous area.Because of the complexity in surface geological condi- tion,field data acquisition has many difficulties,such as big lateral changes of shooting and receiving,statics problem and serious in- terference.Aiming at these problems,high-precision 3D seismic acquisition techniques are studied.First.some proper acquisition parameters to high-precision 3D seismic exploration are carfefully designed,including the analysis and demonstration on parameters and geometry design.The wide-azimuth oblique crossing geometry is applied to make the distribution of reflecting bin and azimuth more reasonable.Therefore,more information of fractures is ob- tained in eliminating the influence from surface obstacles and sub- surface shadow.After comprehensive information analysis and high-density surface structure investigation,the superficial struc- tural model is established to provide accurate statics data.Source and receiver points were designed by applying a large scale topo- graphic map combined with high precision satellite remote sensing data.The changeable geometry was adopted to avoid losing shot where the shot couldn't be arranged.In Guandu area,seismic pro- files with high signal-to-noise ratio,abundant intrabed and high frequency information,and clear structure are obtained by high- precision 3D seismic acquisition technique.
Guandu region in southeastern Sichuan is the typical moun- tainous area.Because of the complexity in surface geological condi- tion,field data acquisition has many difficulties,such as big lateral changes of shooting and receiving,statics problem and serious in- terference.Aiming at these problems,high-precision 3D seismic acquisition techniques are studied.First.some proper acquisition parameters to high-precision 3D seismic exploration are carfefully designed,including the analysis and demonstration on parameters and geometry design.The wide-azimuth oblique crossing geometry is applied to make the distribution of reflecting bin and azimuth more reasonable.Therefore,more information of fractures is ob- tained in eliminating the influence from surface obstacles and sub- surface shadow.After comprehensive information analysis and high-density surface structure investigation,the superficial struc- tural model is established to provide accurate statics data.Source and receiver points were designed by applying a large scale topo- graphic map combined with high precision satellite remote sensing data.The changeable geometry was adopted to avoid losing shot where the shot couldn't be arranged.In Guandu area,seismic pro- files with high signal-to-noise ratio,abundant intrabed and high frequency information,and clear structure are obtained by high- precision 3D seismic acquisition technique.
引文
1邓志文，倪宇东．陈学强等．复杂山地三维地震勘探采集技术[J]．石油物探，2002，41(1)：15～22
2尹成，吕公河，田继东等．基于地球物理目标参数的三维观测系统优化设计[J]．石油物探，2006，45(1)：74～78
3何樵登．地震勘探原理和方法[M]．北京：地质出版社，1986．107～169
4邸志欣，谭绍泉，姜维才等．川东北地区山地三维高分辨率地震采集技术[J]．石油物探，2005，44(5)：517～524
5郑国庆，吴树奎，何新平．川东北通南巴灰岩地区地震勘探采集技术探讨[J]．石油物探，2005，44(2)：174～178
6谢文胜，田海芹，陈世悦西湖凹陷黄岩构造三维地震采集参数设计与论证[J]．石油大学学报，2002，26(1)：19～20
7谭绍泉，刘光林，刘泰生等．面元叠加地震采集技术[J]．石油物探，2003，42(2)：162～164
8杨红霞．地震数据采集技术进展[J]．勘探地球物理进展，2003，26(5-6)：463～468
9刘振宽，刘俊峰，宋宗平等．海拉尔盆地三维地震采集技术[J]．石油物探。2004，43(4)：395～399
10凌云研究小组．宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2003，38(4)：350～357
11杨贵祥．碳酸盐岩裸露区地震勘探采集方法[J]．地球物理学进展，2005，20(4)：1 108～1 128
2尹成，吕公河，田继东等．基于地球物理目标参数的三维观测系统优化设计[J]．石油物探，2006，45(1)：74～78
3何樵登．地震勘探原理和方法[M]．北京：地质出版社，1986．107～169
4邸志欣，谭绍泉，姜维才等．川东北地区山地三维高分辨率地震采集技术[J]．石油物探，2005，44(5)：517～524
5郑国庆，吴树奎，何新平．川东北通南巴灰岩地区地震勘探采集技术探讨[J]．石油物探，2005，44(2)：174～178
6谢文胜，田海芹，陈世悦西湖凹陷黄岩构造三维地震采集参数设计与论证[J]．石油大学学报，2002，26(1)：19～20
7谭绍泉，刘光林，刘泰生等．面元叠加地震采集技术[J]．石油物探，2003，42(2)：162～164
8杨红霞．地震数据采集技术进展[J]．勘探地球物理进展，2003，26(5-6)：463～468
9刘振宽，刘俊峰，宋宗平等．海拉尔盆地三维地震采集技术[J]．石油物探。2004，43(4)：395～399
10凌云研究小组．宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2003，38(4)：350～357
11杨贵祥．碳酸盐岩裸露区地震勘探采集方法[J]．地球物理学进展，2005，20(4)：1 108～1 128
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心